Museology Studies Research Articles

New museology studies: Social museology and ecomuseum

New museology studies: Social museology and ecomuseum

Between Museum Theory and Practice: Museological Education Illustrated by the Ethnology Curriculum at the Jagiellonian University

Curricular training in museology at Jagiellonian University has a tradition spanning over 60 years. It was initiated by Mieczysław Gładysz, who, upon assuming the Chair of Slavic Ethnography at Jagiellonian University in 1960, developed a museum education module for the students of the department he headed. He entrusted the implementation of the course to Dr Jan Bujak. The curriculum created by Gładysz and refined by Bujak encompassed a broad spectrum of issues and subjects, offering a comprehensive and multifaceted approach to museum theory and practice. After J. Bujak’s death in 1991, museology was completely removed from the curriculum of ethnological studies. It returned to university education in 2000 with the employment of Jan Święch at the Institute of Ethnology and Cultural Anthropology at Jagiellonian University. He was tasked with reactivating the Postgraduate Museological Studies Programme, as well as full-time classes. Currently, Jagiellonian University offers three museology courses as part of its ethnology studies: Museology in Contemporary Culture; Between Museum Theory and Practice; and Exhibition Design.

Places of Justice? Representations of Law in Canadian Court Museums

AbstractThere is little scholarship on museums and heritage sites that memorialize courts, judges, and law. Engaging with literatures on penal history and law and culture, we explore representations of law and power in court museums across Canada. Based on observations and interviews, we examine the meanings of the artifacts curated at court museum sites. In a post-Truth and Reconciliation Commission context, where heritage sites have been called upon to account for the atrocities experienced by Indigenous peoples in colonial institutions, we show how court museums in Canada continue to be curated in ways that naturalize the Canadian state and law, deny colonialism, and reproduce myths regarding the Canadian penal system. In our discussion, we reflect on the implications of our findings for literatures on representations of penality and law. We contend penal history museums must learn from critical, decolonizing trends in museological studies.

A Combined Study of Cultural Heritage in Archaeological Museums: 3D Survey and Mixed Reality

Nowadays, a great interest in historical installations like museographic devices in international museological studies (capable of giving space form during user communication) is largely attributable to new techniques of immediate communication. Tools and libraries for virtual, augmented, and mixed reality content have recently become increasingly available. Despite its increased cost and investment, these are new ways for increasing visitor presence in museums. The purpose of this paper is to describe the potential of a tourist/archaeological application suitably developed and implemented by us. The application was developed in Unity3D and allows the user to view cultural heritage in a virtual environment, making information, multimedia content, and metrically precise 3D models available and accessible (obtained after a phase of reducing the mesh border), useful for obtaining good 3D printing reproduction. The strengths of our application (compared to the many already in the literature, which are also used as research ideas) stem from the possibility of using and easily integrating different techniques (3D models, building information models, virtual and augmented reality) allowing the choice of different 3D models (depending on the user’s needs) on some of which (again depending on the application needs) were tested and performed simplification and size reduction processes, to make the application loading phase faster and the user experience easier and better. Another application cue was to finalize an application to relate the elements of the museum with some archaeological elements of the territory according to historical period and element type.

Rhetorical Museology

A rhetorical lens can bring a new dynamic and new insights to museological studies of our “multicultural platforms for negotiations” because the focus of rhetoric is on the close reading of how to persuasively operate collectively in the public sphere. In a world that grows increasingly polyphonic, museums are often the only public institution presenting the kind of discourse that aims to build a dialectical community across diverse groups. Thus, the increased interest of rhetoricians in their work. The question of museology’s role becomes in rhetorical terms, “What are the theories and analyses that explain how museums impact the world?” This article examines several rhetorical themes, including the public sphere, rhetorical appeals, epideixis, the rhetorical triangle, polyphony, juxtaposition, the tragic and the comic frames, and, of course, persuasion.

“Bronzi Di Riace” Geomatics Techniques in Augmented Reality for Cultural Heritage Dissemination

In the ‘Museo Archeologico Nazionale della Magna Grecia' in Reggio Calabria (south Italy) are located two full-size bronzes cast around the 5th century BC: The Riace Bronzes; thanks to their outstanding manufacture, they truly represent significant sculptural masterpieces of Greek art in the world. This paper describes the methodology used by the Geomatics Laboratory of the DICEAM of the Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria to achieve a 3D model of the two sculptures. The 3D modelling is based on the use of imaging techniques, such as digital photogrammetry and computer vision. The achieved results demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique used in the cultural heritage field for the creation of a digital production and replication through 3d printing. Moreover considering that in the renewed interest in the context of international museological studies, Augmented Reality innovation represents a new method for amplifying visitor numbers into museums despite concerns over returns on investment, the procedure to develop a touristic app is described. In fact the enhancement of cultural heritage through the use of 3D acquisition and modeling tools represents one of the fields of study that will see rapid development in the near future. Thus, in order to further valorize and disseminate archaeological heritage, we are developing an app for tourism purposes. The created app allows the user, in real time, to obtain additional information on the object of investigation, even allowing them to view the 3D model in AR. Moreover, the app combines AR and VR technologies with the opportunities offered by 3D printing,

Geomatics Techniques for Cultural Heritage Dissemination in Augmented Reality: Bronzi di Riace Case Study

The Riace Bronzes are two full-size bronzes cast around the 5th century BC, located at the ‘Museo Archeologico Nazionale della Magna Grecia’ in Reggio Calabria; they truly represent significant sculptural masterpieces of Greek art in the world due to their outstanding manufacture. This paper describes the methodology for the achievement of a 3D model of the two sculptures lead by the Geomatics Laboratory of the Department of Civil, Energetic, Environmental and Material Engineering (DICEAM) of the Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria. 3D modeling is based on the use of imaging techniques such as digital photogrammetry and computer vision. The achieved results demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique used in the cultural heritage field for the creation of a digital production and replication through 3D printing. Moreover, when considering renewed interest in the context of international museological studies, augmented reality (AR) innovation represents a new method for amplifying visitor numbers into museums despite concerns over returns on investment. Thus, in order to further valorize and disseminate archaeological heritage, we are developing an app for tourism purposes. The created app allows the user, in real time, to obtain additional information on the object of investigation, even allowing them to view the 3D model in AR.

The Main Aspects of Studying a Museum Source

The aim of this paper is to reveal the main aspects of studying the subject as a museum source.Research methodology. The theoretical basis for scientific generalizations of this article was the analysis of museological studies of museum sources, proposed by N. G. Samarina and I. B. Khmelnitsky.Results. It is argued that a museum source should be understood as the totality of museum objects and scientific support materials that make up the museum funds. It is established that the priority of museum research activities is the study of the museum subject as an artifact — a code and a sign of the past. It is noted that in the process of studying, properties of museum objects (collections, collections) are identified as sources of knowledge, emotions, as cultural, historical or natural values. It is emphasized that the study of museum objects (collections, collections) is of great importance for the acquisition and accounting of museum funds, for the implementation of exposition work, for the development of research activities of museums. The research in the museum makes it possible to determine the place of all components of the museum collection in the system of profile scientific discipline (branches of culture, social production, etc.).Novelty. The simulation of an approximate scheme of scientific attribution of a museum source, the basic principles of its scientific description are systematized and summarized.The practical significance. The established scheme of scientific attribution has demonstrated directly and in detail the study of the museum source. The study can contribute to conduct its scientifically correct description.

A COMBINED STUDY OF ART WORKS PRESERVED IN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUMS: 3D SURVEY, SPECTROSCOPIC APPROACH AND AUGMENTED REALITY

Abstract. The renewed interest, in the context of international museological studies, for historical installations such as museographic devices (able to give shape to a space duly dialoguing with the user), is due today to their communicative immediacy. In recent years the availability of libraries and tools for the use of augmented reality (AR) content has undergone an important increase. AR innovation represents a new method for enhancing the presence visitors into the museum industry despite its use leads to an increase in costs and instrumental investments. In this regard, in a wider work of valorisation and dissemination of archaeological heritage, we are working on the development of an app for tourism purposes. The aim of this paper is the application of some techniques (3D modelling, spectroscopy, virtual reality) to study, record and make available information about archaeological artefacts preserved in the Regional Museum of Lipari (clay masks) and in the National Archaeological Museum of Reggio Calabria (the statue Kouros and the Amphoras). The three-dimensional models produced are well suited to applications of augmented reality for the promotion and dissemination of information on the archaeological /architectural/cultural heritage.Moreover, the integration of the information about characterization of materials are essential in order to identify both geographic area of provenience and manufacturing historic period. Some pigments or medium, and in general all materials, can be indeed connected to a determinate historic time or to a specific artist; to this particular purpose spectroscopic methods are valid approach for their non-destructive nature.

Koncepcje nowej muzeologii, w kontekście zarządzania kulturą niematerialną i własnością intelektualną w instytucjach kultury

In the 1960s, researchers began their quest for a new role and development path of museums. At present, numerous theories and concepts, particularly from the New Museology trend, refer to the issues of identification, management, and protection of intangible cultural heritage in compliance with the provisions of the 2003 UNESCO Convention. This article aims to contextualize the intangible cultural heritage within the interdisciplinary studies on cultural heritage and to determine the models of presenting and interpreting such heritage in cultural institutions and other dedicated facilities. The analysis was premised on the comparative museology studies and the latest comparative techniques (Legrand 1999) as part of critical cultural & heritage studies. The paper also presents the preliminary results of the qualitative studies carried out in selected cultural institutions in Poland, Bulgaria, and Austria. Final deliberations point out the potential of the intangible cultural heritage as a way of interpreting tangible artifacts in the practice of museums and cultural institutions and show the legal and administrative ways of including the heritage into such institutions’ activities. They also serve as a basis for further queries about the mission of museums and the new role of cultural institution personnel.

Türk veteriner hekimliğinde müzecilik girişimleri ve Veteriner Tarihi Müzesi

Among several samples of the museology initiatives from antiquity to today, the first known example in the veterinary field was founded in Alfort Veterinary School in France in 1766. Eight museology initiatives, of which one is military museum, six have been founded in Ankara and five are still active today, have been determined since the opening of the Civilian Veterinary School in Turkey. Today there are five active museums which have been founded as unique samples and they have no official licenses. Among them the Veterinary History Museum is the only one, which has a holistic collection related to whole Turkish veterinary history and as one of the world's leading museum; it takes places within the international museology literature. This study was performed in order to provide information about the museology activities in the field of veterinary medicine in Turkey and the Veterinary History Museum of Ankara University and thus to contribute veterinary history in general and museology studies in particular

Construindo um trabalho sobre musealização da arqueologia

A construção de uma pesquisa sobre Musealização da Arqueologia envolve diferentes questões e enfoques, não sendo possível consolidar um modelo único de trabalho nesse campo. A Musealização da Arqueologia mostra-se cada vez mais plural, pois os trabalhos, mesmo sendo particularmente diferentes, norteiam-se por premissas comuns, que garantem uma linha de pensamento e atuação que envolve a salvaguarda e a comunicação dos acervos e sítios arqueológicos. Nesse artigo será apresentado como uma pesquisa nessa área foi construída, contribuindo para a ampliação das discussões acerca da preservação e divulgação de uma memória local/regional, através da pesquisa arqueológica desenvolvida na Estância Velha do Jarau, Quaraí/RS e a investigação museológica realizada nos museus da Fronteira Oeste do Rio Grande do Sul.

Exchanging Memories in the Australian Museum: Migrant Stories and Bonegilla Migrant Centre

In Australia, museum exhibitions play an important social function in both framing and reflecting collective memories of immigration. Since the 1980s, Bonegilla Migrant Reception and Training Centre has emerged as a key part of the national immigration story. But its representation in the museum space necessitates the negotiation of some difficult terrain: capturing the migrant experience of some 320,000 displaced persons and assisted migrants over a twenty-four year history is a nigh impossible task. Bonegilla has been the subject of many small, large, touring, and temporary museum exhibitions since the 1990s. The histories they present work with or struggle against stakeholders and other important memory groups involved in the commemoration of the Bonegilla—separate ethnic organizations, local councils, heritage agencies, former residents’ associations, and invested individuals and their families. Analyzing the processes and peoples that surround public history efforts, how groups and individuals get invested in the site, and what responses and uses they make of it, can provide important methodological implications for the developing and intersecting fields of memory and museology studies.

India: new paths in the shifting sand

If there an insoluble conflict between family and work, between running a home and being a museum professional? Amita Ray, who holds a diploma in museological studies and teaches archaeology and ancient and medieval history at the University of Calcutta, derives some answers from experience in and an inquiry about that huge city's museum world.

Museumsforskning som museumsutvikling

Museum studies as museum development This text points to the strategic value of museological studies for the development of the museum sector. In Norway, the museum is the sole exception to the rule that a medium or a cultural institution of any importance be regarded as an academic field of study. Lacking the kind of systematic knowledge, critical reflection and discussion of basic premises which normally originate in independent outsider positions, Norwegian museums are consequently deprived of a vital stimulus. In the case of the university museums, the absence of attention to common, specifically museum related problems is seen as an obstacle to che development of coherent institutions out of the various scientific disciplines. In a wider perspective, museums are seen as being not fully established within the cultural public sphere. The enviable attention paid to other kinds of cultural products partly depends on university courses furnishing critics, reviewers and debaters with descriptive languages, analytical skills and evaluative standards. Without these courses, and without the research activity chat makes chem possible, even literature, painting, and film would miss che kind of qualified conversations that actually mediate between creative activity and the interests of a wider public. Hence the establishment of a museological field of research is seen as a precondition for comparable activities highlighting museum events, pointing out their more or less interesting problematics and their possible relevance to society.