Exercise Muscle Strength Research Articles

The Effect of Muscle Strength Exercises on Eeducing some Muscle Injuries to the Lower Extremities of Football Players


 
 The Effect of Muscle Strength Exercises on Eeducing some Muscle Injuries to the Lower Extremities of Football Players
 Ahmed Jabbar Jassim, Dr. Feryal Sami Khalil
 journal mustansiriyah of sports science2021, Volume 3, Issue 3, Pages 168-177
 
 Abstract
 Football is one of the most popular and widespread sports in the world, as it has reached a level of popularity that has not reached other sports, and with the great development in the intensity of sports competitions, this was accompanied by a high incidence of sports injuries, especially in the muscles of the lower extremities, as it constitutes (35%) of the total injuries In football, the best way to reduce these injuries is to use muscle strength exercises to reduce them, as these exercises give strength to the muscles and make them able to withstand the effort exerted on them. The thesis aimed to prepare special exercises for muscle strength to reduce some muscle injuries, and to know the effect of these exercises to reduce some muscle injuries, and to raise the efficiency of muscle groups of the lower extremities of the research sample The researcher assumed that there are statistically significant differences between the results of the pre-tests and the post-tests in reducing some muscle injuries of the lower extremities, and that they have a positive effect in reducing the injury The researcher used the experimental method in the one-group method to suit the nature of the message, and the research sample was determined on football players for the youth category of Al-Jawiya club for the sports season (2020/2021), whose number is 23 players. The duration of the program lasted (6) weeks, as the total number of units was (18) units, and after the completion of the program, post-tests were conducted and appropriate statistical treatments were used to reach the results, after which the results were presented, analyzed and discussed, and the researcher reached conclusions, the most important of which was raising The efficiency of the muscle groups of the lower extremities through the emergence of the results of the tests in favor of the post-tests, which gives a positive indication and a conclusive evidence in the development of the work of these muscles. As for the recommendations, the most important of which is the necessity of using (preventive) muscle strength exercises prepared by the researcher because of their positive and noticeable effect in reducing some Muscle injuries for the research sample
 

The role of exercise therapy in reducing respiratory symptoms in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review

Background/Aims Respiratory-related complaints such as dyspnoea, shortness of breath and inability to perform their activities of daily living have been reported by people who have contracted COVID-19. Physiotherapy can play a vital role in management of these symptoms. The aim of this review study was to systematically evaluate the role of exercise therapy in reducing respiratory symptoms in patients with COVID-19. Methods A search of PubMed, Cochrane, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus, and ProQuest databases was conducted from December 2019 to November 2022. Studies were included if: the study design was a randomised controlled trial or quasi-experimental; participants had COVID-19 disease; the intervention was exercise therapy; and respiratory symptoms were evaluated as outcome measures. The quailty of included studies was independently evaluated by two authors using the PEDro scale. Results A total of 11 articles were selected for final analysis, which included both face-to-face therapy and telerehabilitation. Without considering their scientific rigour, the findings of the studies reported that exercise therapy, such as breathing exercises, strengthening exercises, aerobic exercises, lower limb muscle strength exercises and stretching exercises, had significant effects in reducing dyspnoea and increasing physical capacity and lung function. Conclusions Exercise therapy interventions could be effective in improving respiratory symptoms including lung function, dyspnoea and physical capacity. While some studies examined face-to-face exercise therapy and showed improvement in symptoms, it is suggested that the effect of telerehabilitation should be investigated in future studies. Implications for practice Physiotherapists can use exercise therapy alongside other physical therapy interventions for patients with COVID-19 and other similar respiratory viruses.

Beyond bronchodilation: Illuminating the performance benefits of inhaled beta2‐agonists in sports

AbstractGiven the prevalent use of inhaled beta2‐agonists in sports, there is an ongoing debate as to whether they enhance athletic performance. Over the last decades, inhaled beta2‐agonists have been claimed not to enhance performance with little consideration of dose or exercise modality. In contrast, orally administered beta2‐agonists are perceived as being performance enhancing, predominantly on muscle strength and sprint ability, but can also induce muscle hypertrophy and slow‐to‐fast fiber phenotypic switching. But because inhaled beta2‐agonists are more efficient to achieve high systemic concentrations than oral delivery relative to dose, it follows that the inhaled route has the potential to enhance performance too. The question is at which inhaled doses such effects occur. While supratherapeutic doses of inhaled beta2‐agonists enhance muscle strength and short intense exercise performance, effects at low therapeutic doses are less apparent. However, even high therapeutic inhaled doses of commonly used beta2‐agonists have been shown to induce muscle hypertrophy and to enhance sprint performance. This is concerning from an anti‐doping perspective. In this paper, we raise awareness of the circumstances under which inhaled beta2‐agonists can constitute a performance‐enhancing benefit.

Six months of different exercise type in sedentary primary schoolchildren: impact on physical fitness and saliva microbiota composition.

Lifestyle influences microbiota composition. We previously reported a healthier microbiota composition in saliva from active schoolchildren compared to sedentary. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of 6 months of different exercise types on physical fitness and saliva microbiota composition in 8-11-years-old sedentary schoolchildren. Sixty-four sedentary children from five primary schools in Turin, Italy, were divided into three groups: one continued normal curricular activity while two underwent different exercise protocols for 6 months. The Structured Exercise (Sa) group did 2 h per week of muscle activation, strength and coordination exercises supervised by a kinesiologist. The Daily Mile (Dm) group did 1 h per week of Sa plus 15 min of walking/running outdoors four times a week, supervised by a class teacher; control group (Ct) did 2 h a week of curricular exercise supervised by a class teacher. Physical fitness was evaluated before and after the intervention. Saliva samples were collected post-intervention in all participants and analyzed using PCR amplification of 16S rRNA bacterial genes. The Amplicon Sequence Variants were filtered, decontaminated, and phylogenetically classified using DADA2 software. Differential abundance analysis of microbiome taxa and pathway data was conducted using the LEfSe algorithm and PICRUSt. The Sa group showed better performances in lower limb power and sprint performance while both the Sa and Dm groups improved in endurance and balance at the end of the intervention; only balance resulted slightly improved in the Ct group. Among the genera differently enriched in saliva after the training intervention, we found that the Prevotella, the Dubosiella and the Family XIII AD3011 group were the most abundant in the Sa group; differently, the Neisseria and the Abiotrophia in Ct group. Four species showed significant the Prevotella melaninogenica and the Prevotella nanceiensis were more abundant in the Sa, conversely, Gemella sanguinis was enriched in Dm and Abiotrophia defectiva in Ct saliva group. We demonstrated that Sa and Dm, not curricular exercise, improve the physical fitness components in sedentary schoolchildren correlated to health and promote an enrichment in saliva microbiota species associated to a healthier profile.

Associations of endurance, muscle strength, and balanced exercise with subjective sleep quality in sedentary workers: A cross-sectional study.

The optimal exercise combination for improving sleep quality among sedentary workers is unclear. To reveal what combination of exercises contributes to good sleep quality. In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 5,201 sedentary workers who underwent health examinations in 2019. Data on sleep quality, basic attributes, energy expenditure, and lifestyle aspects such as exercise and physical activity, supper time close to bedtime, and alcohol intake were obtained. The subjects reported their exercise habits by selecting up to three forms of exercise from a list of 182 options, which were classified into three types: endurance (e.g., jogging), muscle strength (e.g., bench pressing), and balanced types which combined both endurance and muscle strength characteristics. (e.g., walking). These forms were then categorized into eight combination patterns: endurance only; muscle strength only; balanced only; endurance and muscle strength; endurance and balanced; muscle strength and balanced; all types; and absence of any exercise habits. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations between the exercise combination patterns and sleep quality. Good sleep quality was significantly associated with "endurance" (OR = 1.419; 95% CI 1.110-1.814), "balanced only" (OR = 1.474; 95% CI 1.248-1.741), and "endurance and balance" (OR = 1.782; 95% CI 1.085-2.926) exercise patterns. No significant associations were found between the combinations that included muscle strength exercises and sleep quality. The endurance or balanced-type exercises, or a combination of both, may help to improve the sleep quality of sedentary workers as part of occupational health management.

Developing A Core Strength Training Program to Improve Badminton High Clear Stroke for University Students

Background and Aims: With the continuous development of badminton, international competitions have become increasingly confrontational and competitive, which places higher demands on athletes' physical fitness and technology. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to add core strength training and traditional strength training to badminton high clear stroke skill training, compare the test results after training, and find a more effective strength training method to improve badminton high clear stroke skill. Materials and Methods: This study took 40 students (20 boys and 20 girls) out of 230 students (20 boys and 20 girls) in the 2022 special badminton class of Guangxi Medical University. This study introduces the test standard of badminton high clear stroke technology, focusing on the theory of badminton strength training. Through interviews with 5 experts, the high clear stroke technical test standards, physical fitness test standards, and training plans were determined (IOC test result is 0.925±0.1438). The training experiment lasted 8 weeks. Results: (1) Compared with traditional strength training, core strength training can improve students' physical fitness. (2) Core strength training has a more significant effect on improving badminton high clear stroke skills than traditional strength training. Conclusion: The core muscle strength exercise added to the badminton training program was created by the researcher and validated with 5 experts by IOC technique the IOC was 0.925±0.1438. The Program was confirmed by the execution of a group pretest and posttest experimental design The subject was 40 students who tested with a high clear stroke test, then took the score to rank the subjects descending and sampling with systematic method into 2 groups. The experiment operated for 8 weeks, 2 sessions a week, and 2 hours a session. Collect high clear stroke test and fitness test scores after the last class.

What is the impact of a multi‐component exercise intervention on the cure rate of urinary incontinence among older women living in the community?

AbstractAimsTo determine the impact of a multi‐component exercise intervention on the cure rate of urinary incontinence (UI) among older women living in the community.MethodA systematic search was conducted of five databases (Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature [CINAHL], Academic Search Complete, PubMed and Web of Science), grey literature and reference lists of relevant studies in December 2021– January 2022 and again between January 2023 and February 2023 when no additional new studies were identified. Key inclusion criteria were studies with female older adults above the age of 60, with any type of UI, residing in the community, addressing the effects of a multi‐component exercise intervention combining pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT), strength and balance exercises. The primary outcome of interest was the cure rate of UI in community‐dwelling older women (%).Studies underwent quality appraisal using the RevMan Risk of Bias tool and the Evidence‐based Librarianship tool, identifying significant biases. A narrative synthesis presents results for all outcomes; a meta‐analysis was also performed for secondary outcomes.ResultsFollowing the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a total of 596 records were identified from the systematic search. Five studies met the inclusion criteria. Participants receiving the intervention had a statistically significant mean cure rate of 44.0% (p < 0.05), which decreased at follow‐up, except for participants with stress UI. Participants receiving the intervention had significantly decreased frequency of UI episodes (p < 0.00001) and increased maximum walking speed (p < 0.0003) at a 3‐month follow‐up.ConclusionA multi‐component exercise, combining PFMT, strength and balance exercises, is effective in improving and curing UI, especially stress UI, in community‐dwelling older women.

Effectiveness of Water-Based Exercise in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive respiratory disease that, due to dyspnea, decreases patients' physical function and quality of life. The aim of the research was to evaluate the effectiveness of water-based exercise (WE) in improving functional capacity and respiratory muscle strength in patients with COPD. It consisted of a systematic review and meta-analysis of eight randomized clinical trials (RCTs) from the last 10 years, found in PubMed, PEDro, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Methodological quality was analyzed using the PEDro scale and the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool. Regarding the evaluation of functional capacity, mainly assessed were lung function, respiratory muscle strength, and maximal or aerobic exercise. The results showed that WE improves functional capacity compared to a non-exercising control group (SMD: 73.42; IC 95%: 40.40 to 106.45; I2: 0%). There are no statistically significant differences between a WE treatment and a land exercise (LE) treatment (p = 0.24) in functional capacity, nor with respect to respiratory muscle strength (p = 0.97). These data should be interpreted with caution, as more RCTs with aquatic intervention in COPD patients are needed to elucidate whether there are differences between WE or LE according to patient characteristics and comorbidities.

Intervention strategies with muscle strengthening exercises to improve walking speed in the older adults

The fact of performing physical activity is of vital importance and if a muscle strengthening exercise program plan is added to this, it is even more beneficial for the health of our body. The aim of this study was to determine if muscle strengthening exercise helps improve walking speed in these people. Information was collected from the main scientific bases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Scielo, Elsevier. For the investigation of the information, the following descriptors of health sciences were used: Gait; Walking speed; Pass test; Exercise techniques with movement; old man; Exercise with therapy. The inclusion criteria were the articles that were within the period 2017-2022, in the English, Portuguese and Spanish languages. 30 articles were incorporated into this review article. In these articles, information was found on the speed of walking and muscle strength exercises in the elderly. With the information collected, it is concluded that the application of a program of muscle strengthening exercises in the lower limb helps to improve the speed of walking in older adults.

Reduced peripheral and respiratory muscle strength in pediatric patients after kidney transplantation.

Reduced muscle strength and low-exercise capacity are well documented in adults, but there are few studies examining those impairments in children and adolescents after kidney transplantation. The objective of this study was to evaluate peripheral and respiratory muscle strength and the association with submaximal exercise capacity in children and adolescents after kidney transplant. Forty-seven patients between six and 18 years of age clinically stable after transplantation were included. Peripheral muscle strength (isokinetic and hand-grip dynamometry), respiratory muscle strength (maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure), and submaximal exercise capacity (six-minute walk test - 6MWT) were assessed. Patients had a mean age of 13.1 ± 2.7 years and an average of 34 months had elapsed since the transplantation. Flexors of the knee showed a significant reduction in muscle strength (77.3% of predicted) and knee extensors had normal values (105.4% of predicted). Hand-grip strength and maximal respiratory pressures (inspiratory and expiratory) also were significantly lower than expected (p < 0.001). Although distance walked in the 6MWT was significantly lower than predicted (p < 0.001), no significant correlation was found with peripheral and respiratory muscle strength. Children and adolescents after kidney transplantation have reduced peripheral muscle strength of knee flexors, hand-grip, and maximal respiratory pressures. No associations were found between peripheral and respiratory muscle strength and submaximal exercise capacity.

Protocol Study: Resistance Training Program, Nutritional, Sleep, and Screen Use Recommendations in Schoolchildren from Educational Centers in the Extreme South of Chile.

Childhood obesity has tripled, reaching critical levels of malnutrition. This factor is directly associated with a poorer health-related quality of life of the child and adolescent population. This article presents the study protocol of the project "Strong schoolchildren with a healthy lifestyle" (EF-Salud), which seeks to analyze the effects of a multicomponent program based on muscle strength exercises, sleep nutritional recommendations, and the use of screens in Chilean educational centers with extremely cold weather. The study protocol of a randomized controlled trial with a pre- and post-test conducted according to the CONSORT statement is reported. The total sample (n = 144) will be schoolchildren from six different school years, four of which will perform an intervention and two control. Intervention group 1 (from two different school years) will receive a muscular strength exercise program in the classroom once a day from Monday to Friday for six months and nutritional, sleep, and use of screens recommendations once a week. Intervention group 2 (from two different school years) will receive a program of nutritional, sleep, and use of screens recommendations once per week for six months. The control group (from two different school years) will carry out their usual school day in relation to physical education classes. Before and after the intervention, the investigators will evaluate the cardiovascular risk, physical condition, and lifestyle related to sleep and use of screens. The schoolchildren in intervention group 1 will obtain significant results in increased strength, decreased cardiovascular risk, improved sleep habits, and fewer hours of screen use compared to the other two groups.

The acceptability of homebased exercise snacking and Tai-chi snacking amongst high and low function UK and Taiwanese older adults.

Introduction: Exercise "snacking" and Tai-chi 'snacking' protocols are designed to overcome typical barriers to older adults' participation in muscle strength and balance exercise, using short bouts of home-based exercise. This study aimed to investigate the acceptability of homebred exercise- and Tai-chi snacking in British and Taiwanese older adults of high and low physical function. Methods: Thirty-three British and Thirty Taiwanese older adults took part in semi-structured interviews, after trying 1-week of exercise- and Tai-chi snacking. The interview schedule and deductive framework analysis was based on the seven components of the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability (TFA). Differences between the Taiwanese and United Kingdom participants and those considered high versus low physical function were also analysed. Results: Both snacking regimes were found to be convenient and easy to implement. Participants reported that no activity had to be given up, and considered the programmes would be beneficial to their physical and mental health. Interestingly, more UK-based participants preferred the elegant and relaxing movements of Tai-chi snacking, yet participants with low physical function experienced difficulties when mastering Tai-chi movements. A few high physical function participants perceived exercise snacking to be tedious. Discussion: Overall, the snacking exercise was found to be acceptable and useful. Personal affective attitude and different cultural backgrounds may affect exercise participation. Nevertheless, it is important to consider individuals' physical function when designing exercise regime. The findings indicate that making Tai-chi snacking easier to master initially, building in progression and adding some upper body movements in the exercise snacking may further enhance acceptability.

Prehabilitation bundle can reduce incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications.

Elective major colorectal surgery is still associated with postoperative morbidity and mortality. Preoperative optimization can potentially reduce postoperative pulmonary complications, which significantly prolong recovery and increase the risk of mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the prehabilitation bundle on postoperative pulmonary complications. All patients undergoing elective colorectal procedure for benign or malignant diagnosis before and after the introduction of the prehabilitation bundle were enrolled in the study. Prehabilitation was focused on nutritional support, regular aerobic and muscle strength exercise, preoperative optimization of anaemia, improvement of oral hygiene including regular chlorhexidine mouth wash, psychological support, restriction of smoking and alcohol consumption. In addition to the general characteristics, compliance with individual measures, incidence of pulmonary complications and length of stay were monitored. A total of 596 patients were included in the study (226 before and 370 after the implementation of the package). After the introduction of prehabilitation, the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications decreased significantly - 29 (13%) vs. 17 (4.6%), RR: 0.21-0.67), p=0.001 and shorter length of stay was observed à 9.7 (±8.8) to 7.7 (±5.5) days (p=0.0005). Except for optimization of anaemia, compliance with the individual components of the established bundle was very good. Introduction of a prehabilitation bundle focused on improvement of cardiorespiratory capacity, optimization of diet and oral hygiene, can reduce the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications and shorten the length of stay.

실내체육관에서 청각장애인의 운동기구 이용에 관한 사용성평가

This study aimed to derive the requirements for access to exercise equipment for the deaf in indoor gymnasiums. Therefore, a usability evaluation was conducted on the use of muscle strength and aerobic exercise equipment installed in a gym in Gangbuk-gu, Seoul, targeting five men and women aged 19 to 65 years. To proceed smoothly with the research, the researcher and sign language interpreter explained and interviewed the people who are deaf on how to use the exercise equipment. The participants performed the task based on a scenario consisting of four stages: entry-exercise-regulation-exit in the exercise equipment. The researcher observed the process of performing each participant's exercise steps, conducted a postmortem analysis of the images and photos, and conducted a one-on-one interview after the participant's exercise equipment was used. The observational survey confirmed that all people who are deaf who participated in the usability evaluation had difficulty checking and understanding basic exercise information, such as how to use exercise equipment, posture, and risks on their own, regardless of their experience using exercise equipment. In addition, differences in proficiency, such as learning how to use and recognizing risks in using equipment, based on exercise experience were observed. In addition, through a one-on-one interview survey, the need to provide information on risk feedback using visual and tactile senses and correct exercises described in sign language rather than text was derived. The results of this study are intended to be used as basic data for future studies on guidelines for the production of exercise equipment that can be used by individuals who are disabled and those who are not.

The effectiveness of optimal exercise-based strategy for patients with hip fracture: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis

The implementation of exercise intervention (EI) presents a promising and economical way for patients with hip fracture. However, the optimal type of EI remains unclear. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of various EI approaches and identify the optimal intervention for improving the prognosis of patients with hip fracture. A comprehensive search of Medline (via PubMed), Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, CNKI, Wan Fang, VIP, and CBM was conducted from their earliest records to June 2022. The included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) included at least one type of exercise for patients with hip fracture. The methodological quality of these trials was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool. All direct and indirect comparisons were analyzed by Stata 14.0 and OpenBUGS 3.2.3 software. The primary outcome was hip function, and the secondary outcomes were activity of daily living (ADL), walking capacity and balance ability of patients. Based on the ranking probabilities, resistance exercise (RE) was ranked as the most effective among all exercise interventions (surface under cumulative ranking curve values [SUCRA]: 94.8%, [MD]: − 11.07, [Crl]: − 15.07 to − 7.08) in improving the efficacy of patients' hip function, followed by balance exercise (BE) ([SUCRA]:81.1%, [MD]: − 8.79, [Crl]: − 13.41 to − 4.18) and muscle strength exercise ([SUCRA]:57.6%, [MD]: − 5.35, [Crl]: − 9.70 to − 0.95). For the improvement of ADL for patients with hip fracture, BE ([SUCRA]:98.4%, [MD]: − 17.38, [Crl]: − 23.77 to − 11.04) may be the best EI. The findings of this study indicate that RE and BE might be the best approach to improve prognosis for patients with hip fracture. However, further rigorous and meticulously planned RCTs are required to substantiate the conclusions drawn from this study.

EFEKTIVITAS LATIHAN KEKUATAN OTOT LENGAN TERHADAP KETEPATAN MEMANAH DI EKSTRAKURIKULER PANAHAN SISWA SMK NEGERI 3 LUBUKLINGGAU

This study aims to determine student learning outcomes after the implementation of push up, dumbbell, and planks arm muscle strength exercises. The type of research used is quasi-experimental. The population of archery extracurricular students at SMK Negeri 3 Lubuklinggau is 20 students and the sample taken is 20 students. For sampling using the Census technique. Data collection using test techniques. The data collected after being analyzed using the z-test at a significant level = 0.05 obtained z_count = 8.73 z_table = 1.64 so that it can be concluded that the accuracy of archery at SMK Negeri 3 Lubuklinggau after the implementation of Arm Muscle Strength Training is significantly in the good category with an average value of students' archery accuracy results of 72.6.

Effect and feasibility of the combination of branched chain amino acid and exercise therapy on muscle mass and echo intensity of muscle in orthopedic patients in a convalescent rehabilitation hospital: A crossover trial.

This study examined the feasibility of nutritional support combined with exercise intervention for restoring muscle and physical functions in convalescent orthopedic patients. We used a crossover design in which nutritional support combined with exercise intervention was administered daily during the early (1 month) and late (1 month) cycles with a 1-week washout period. The exercise intervention was performed twice daily for 2 months in the early and late groups. The exercise intervention consisted of one set of muscle strength, stretching, and physical activity exercises for 20 min each. Nutritional interventions were administered immediately after the exercise. A 3.4 g of branched-chain amino acid supplements (BCAAs) or 1.2 g of starch was ingested. We measured the skeletal muscle mass and isometric muscle strength of the limbs and performed balance tests. After the crossover, the BCAA and Placebo groups were compared. The ratio of improvement in the echo intensity of the rectus femoris (RF) was significantly higher in the BCAA group. A comparison of the order of nutritional intervention showed a significant effect on the RF echo intensity in both groups only when BCAAs were administered. This study's results suggest that the proposed combined intervention improves muscle quality and mass in convalescent orthopedic patients.

Associations of physical activity domains and muscle strength exercise with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a nation-wide cohort study

It is unclear if various types and domains of exercise have an identical effect on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Thus, this study aimed to investigate associations of different physical activity domains and muscle strength exercise with NAFLD using a nation-wide cohort database. Adults aged 20–79 years who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2014 and 2018 were analyzed. Hepatic steatosis index was used to identify NAFLD. Physical activity was assessed with the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Of 21,015 participants, 4942 (23.5%) had NAFLD. Participants with ≥ 150 min/week of total physical activity had a lower risk of NAFLD than those with < 150 min/week (the fully adjusted OR: 0.86, 95% CI 0.78–0.95). When the individual domain of physical activity was assessed, ≥ 150 min/week of recreation activity was associated with a reduced risk of NAFLD (OR: 0.77, 95% CI 0.67–0.88), whereas ≥ 150 min/week of travel or work activity was not. The fully adjusted OR for NAFLD comparing participants with ≥ 2/week to those with < 2/week of muscle strength exercise was 0.83 (95% CI 0.73–0.94). Muscle strength exercise ≥ 2/week showed a lower risk of NAFLD for all levels of total and each specific domains of physical activity except for ≥ 150 min/week of work activity. An increased level of physical activity and muscle strength exercise was associated with a reduced risk of NAFLD, albeit the effect varied depending on domains of physical activity. Thus, physical activity should be differentiated by domains for the management of NAFLD. Muscle strength exercise could also be a good option for individuals who could not perform moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.

16주간 댄스스포츠와 근력운동이 남성노인의 기능체력과 낙상효능감에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of dance sports and muscle strength exercise in the elderly men on functional fitness, and fall efficacy scale test. The subjects of the study were 27 male seniors aged 65 or older living in G-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, and were classified into three groups: Dance Sports Group (n=10), Muscle Exercise Group (n=7), and Control Group (n=10). The experimental group was conducted three times a week for 16 weeks. As a result, in terms of functional body change in the elderly, the dance sports group showed more positive effects than the muscle exercise group and the control group in the 30-second chair stand test, 30-second push-up test, chair sitting and reaching test, backscratch test, and 2.44m up and high test. However, the exercise intervention effect did not appear in the two-minute step-by-step test. In the fall efficacy scale change test, the dance sports group showed better results than the control group. Therefore, in the case of the elderly, through regular physical activity and exercise, the overall physical health of the elderly can be maintained, such as maintaining muscle mass, reducing the prevalence of disease, and maintaining and enhancing functional fitness and fall efficacy. It is thought that the results of this study can be used as useful data for the elderly to form a successful aging process in the future as they maintain their health.

Exercise training modifies the whole blood DNA methylation profile in middle-aged and older women.

This is a longitudinal single-arm clinical trial aimed to investigate whether exercise training would modify the whole blood methylation profile in healthy women. A total of 45 subjects were engaged in an exercise training protocol during a 14-wk follow up, consisting of aerobic cardiorespiratory and muscle strength exercises. Subjects were evaluated at baseline (PRE), after 7 wk of exercise training (POST 7), and after 14 wk of exercise training (POST 14). Functional primary outcomes included anthropometric, blood pressure, biochemical measurements, physical tests, and global health assessments. Blood samples were collected at each time point to determine the methylation profile using a DNA methylation array technique screening up to 850k different sites. Exercise training decreased blood pressure and triglyceride levels and enhanced physical performance, including upper- and lower-body maximum strength. Moreover, exercise training improved markers of quality of life. In the array analysis, 14 wk of exercise training changed the methylation of more than 800 sites. Across these differentially methylated sites, we found that differentially methylated sites in the promoter region were more hypermethylated after exercise training, suggesting that this hypermethylation process may affect the transcription process. When inputting the differentially methylated sites in pathway analysis, we found several metabolic pathways, including AMPK signaling, TGF-β signaling, and insulin signaling. This study demonstrates that exercise training promotes a robust change in the whole blood methylation profile and provides new insights into the key regulators of exercise-induced benefits.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We have shown that exercise training lowers blood pressure and triglyceride levels, improves physical performance, and improves quality of life in middle-aged and elderly women. Regarding epigenetic data, we noticed that more than 800 sites are differentially methylated in whole blood after physical training. We emphasize that the differentially methylated sites in the promoter region are more hypermethylated after physical training. In addition, this study shows that key members of metabolic pathways, including AMPK signaling, TGF-β signaling, and insulin signaling, are among the genes hypermethylated after physical exercise in older women.