Exercise Muscle Strength Research Articles

Outcome of a Physical Rehabilitation Program on Functionality and Impact on Quality of Life in Postoperative Liver Transplant Patients: A Systematic Review

Objectives: To conduct a systematic review of the literature on the outcomes of a physical rehabilitation program on functionality and identify possible impacts on quality of life in patients after liver transplantation. Methods: Controlled clinical trials and observational studies were selected from the PubMed, SciELO, and BIREME databases that "t the PICO (P – population; I – intervention; C – comparison; O – outcomes) question “what are the bene"ts of a physical rehabilitation program on functionality and quality of life outcomes in patients undergoing liver transplantation?” Studies written in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, published in the last 10 years were selected. After selection, the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was used to perform the methodological evaluation of the studies. Results and Discussion: A total of "ve interventionist articles were selected, most of which had good methodological quality. Only one study did not associate resistance training with aerobic exercises, but all had signi"cant results regarding increased functional capacity and reduced perception of fatigue after liver transplantation. Conclusion: !e studies indicated that the association of a resistance training program associated with aerobic training is bene"cial in terms of muscle strength gain, exercise capacity, and perception of fatigue.

Effects of muscle strength exercise on muscle mass and muscle strength in patients with stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This study systematically reviews the effects of muscle strength exercises on muscle mass and strength in stroke patients by analyzing randomized controlled trials. Ten studies, involving a total of 378 stroke patients, were included in the meta-analysis. The standardized mean difference (SMD) and confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random effects model. The results indicated that strength exercises had a medium effect on increasing muscle strength in stroke patients (SMD, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.47-0.72; I 2 =51%; P<0.05). Specifically, strength exercises were found to be particularly effective in chronic stroke patients, showing a medium effect on muscle strength (SMD, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.55-0.81; I 2 =45%; P<0.05). The study also compared the effects based on repetition maximum (RM) settings, revealing that strength increased significantly regardless of whether RM was used, with studies showing medium effects (with RM: SMD, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.4-0.64; I 2 =0%; P<0.05; without RM: SMD, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.4-0.91; I 2 =72%; P<0.05). The study concludes that strength exercises are beneficial for improving muscle strength in chronic stroke patients, but the use of RM to set exercise intensity is not strictly necessary.

The Effect of Arm Muscle Strength and Leg Muscle Explosiveness on Ball Shooting Results Basketball

The problem in this study is the lack of students in basketball shooting results so that the players often experience failures. The formulation of the problem in this study is whether there is an effect of arm muscle training and leg muscle explosive training on shooting results in extracurricular students of SMP Negeri 2 Bangka Barat. The purpose of this study is to find out whether there is an effect of arm muscle training and leg muscle explosiveness training on shooting results in extracurricular students of SMP Negeri 2 Bangka Barat. The method used in this study is the one group experiment method. The sample in this study is the total of the existing population, namely 26 students who participate in extracurricular activities at SMP Negeri 2 Bangka Barat. Based on the results of the research and the results of statistical calculations on the test of improving the results of arm muscle strength exercises to influence arm muscle strength and leg muscle explosiveness on basketball shooting results in extracurricular students of SMP Negeri 2 Bangka Barat, the author can conclude that: isometric exercises have an effect on basketball shooting in extracurricular basketball games of SMP Negeri 2 Bangka Barat. The magnitude of the influence is shown significantly at the real level of 0.05 with t calculated &gt; t 0.95 (50) = 6.84 &gt; 1.70.

Tongue pressure, respiratory muscle and limb strength and functional exercise capacity in oesophageal cancer

ObjectivesPreoperative management of oesophageal cancer requires effective prehabilitation. This study investigates the relationship between tongue pressure, respiratory muscle, handgrip and lower limb muscle strengths, and functional exercise capacity in patients...

The Relationship between Obesity Severity, Participation in Muscle Strength Exercise, and Knee Osteoarthritis in Elderly Women: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Study on Korean Data

The Relationship between Obesity Severity, Participation in Muscle Strength Exercise, and Knee Osteoarthritis in Elderly Women: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Study on Korean Data

Acute effect of an intervention with open and closed kinetic chain muscle strength exercises on postural control and muscle power in elderly people: A randomized clinical trial

IntroductionAging causes changes in stance control and muscle function. However, strength exercises can mitigate these negative effects. Intervention practices are classified into open kinetic chain (OKC) and closed kinetic chain (CKC), but it is unclear whether there are differences between them regarding muscle power and balance in the older people. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the acute effect of an intervention in OKC and CKC on stance control and muscle power in the older people. MethodsThis study is a randomized clinical trial. A total of 29 older people participated in this study, divided into 3 groups: control group (CG) (n = 9), open kinetic chain group (OKCG) (n = 10), and closed kinetic chain group (CKCG) (n = 10). Stance control was evaluated on a force platform under bipedal, semi-tandem, and unipedal support conditions. Muscle power assessed based on the time to perform the sit-to-stand test (STS). The acute intervention in OKC and CKC consisted of 2 exercises for each intervention group. ResultsThere was no difference between acute interventions in OKC and CKC on stance control and muscle power. The time in STS was shorter in the CKCG compared to the CG. The largest oscillations of the center of pressure (COP) were found in the unipedal stance condition. ConclusionAn acute intervention in OKC and CKC did not differentiate stance balance and muscle power in the older people. However, CKC exercises are more effective for functional tasks than OKC exercises. The greater complexity of the task (unipedal support) causes greater stance oscillations in the older people.

Exercise capacity in COVID-19 surviving patients: impact of physical rehabilitation

Background: At least 65 million individuals worldwide have Long COVID and despite efforts to explain the effects of exercise prescription on the recovery of these individuals, there is a need to explore its effects on exercise tolerance and cardiorespiratory fitness. Therefore, our main objective was to evaluate the effect of the Physical Rehabilitation Program (PRP) on muscle strength and physical exercise capacity of COVID-19 survivors. Methods: The cohort included 28 patients post COVID-19, each participant performed a comprehensive and multisystem evaluation in two visits, in the pre- and post-PRP: 1st visit = clinical evaluation periods (maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP); maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) and Duke Activity Status Index (VO2peak). 2nd visit= physical evaluation [6-minute Step Test (6MST) and Handgrip Strength (HGS)]. The PRP consisted of breathing exercises, muscle strength exercises for upper and lower limbs and aerobic exercise, 2 or 3 times/week for 03 months. Results: The post-PRP we found: improvement in peripheral [95%CI 2.7 (2.0-3.4), p=0.001, Huge] and respiratory [MIP 95%CI 1.6 (0.9-2.3), p&lt;0.001, Very large) and MEP 95%CI 2.7 (2.0-3.4), p=0.001, Huge)] muscle strength; increase in cardiorespiratory fitness according to estimated-VO2peak [95%CI 2.3 (1.5-3.1), p&lt;0.001, Huge] and the number of steps climbed in the 6MST [95%CI 1.6 (0.9-2.3), p&lt;0.001, Very large]; adaptations resulting lower resting heart rate (HR), higher peak HR, good modulation of HR resulting from stress caused by 6MST; linear and positive association between peripheral and respiratory muscle strength and the number of steps climbed 6MST and greater HR recovery especially post-PRP; recovery-first minute HR remained unchanged post-PRP. Conclusion: In patients post COVID19, we emphasize the great effect of individualized and supervised PRP on the increase in peripheral and respiratory muscle strength/ quality and cardiorespiratory fitness. Despite the gains obtained in PRP, the risk of death based on HR recovery did not change.

Relationship between disability and physical activity frequency after cervical spine surgery: A linear mixed model analysis.

There is a paucity of data on physical activity and its effects in patients after cervical spine surgery. This study aimed to examine the association between physical activity and disability in patients after cervical spine surgery while also considering age, sex, pain, and central sensitization (CS)-related symptoms. Participants included individuals with a cervical degenerative condition who had undergone surgery. Neck disability index, physical activity frequency, numerical rating scale for pain intensity, and short form of the CS inventory were recorded more than 1 year postoperatively. The linear mixed model was performed to examine the association between physical activity and disability. The responses of 145 participants were analyzed. The linear mixed model results showed that the stretching and light-intensity exercise frequency (β=-0.14, p= 0.039) was independently associated with disability, adjusted for age, sex, pain, and CS-related symptoms. Conversely, other physical activities, such as walking and muscle strength exercises, were not associated with a disability. The findings emphasize the importance of performing regular physical activity, regardless of pain and CS-related symptoms.

Effects of wearable low-intensity continuous ultrasound on muscle biomechanical properties during delayed onset muscle soreness.

Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal symptoms in individuals engaged in strenuous exercise programs. This study investigated the effects of wearable low-intensity continuous ultrasound on muscle biomechanical properties during DOMS. Twenty volunteers were distributed into a wearable ultrasound stimulation group (WUG) (n= 10) and medical ultrasound stimulation group (MUG) (n= 10). All subjects performed wrist extensor muscle strength exercises to induce DOMS. At the site of pain, ultrasound of frequency 3 MHz was applied for 1 h or 5 min in each subject of the WUG or MUG, respectively. Before and after ultrasound stimulation, muscle biomechanical properties (tone, stiffness, elasticity, stress relaxation time, and creep) and body temperature were measured, and pain was evaluated. A significant decrease was found in the tone, stiffness, stress relaxation time, and creep in both groups after ultrasound stimulation (all p< 0.05). A significant decrease in the pain and increases in temperature were observed in both groups (all p< 0.05). No significant differences were observed between the groups in most evaluations. The stiffness and pain caused by DOMS were alleviated using a wearable ultrasound stimulator. Furthermore, the effects of the wearable ultrasound stimulator were like those of a medical ultrasound stimulator.

Standardization use of the international classification of functioning, disability and health in the determination of health status in patients with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome

Purpose To propose a standardized method for the use of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) to describe the health status in Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome (PACS) and investigate interrater agreement in the linking process in instruments and clinical exams using the ICF categories. Materials and Methods Cross-sectional and interrater agreement study that followed the Guidelines for Reporting Reliability and Agreement Studies. Two raters performed the linking coding process in instruments of quality of life, anxiety and depression, fatigue and pulmonary function, inspiratory muscle strength and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. The codes were qualified by standards defined to each instrument and exams. Results The instrument with the lowest Cohen’s Kappa coefficient was anxiety and depression (k = 0.57). Forty ICF codes were linked to clinical instruments and exams. The fatigue instrument presented a higher degree of disability by the qualification process, from severe to complete, in the linked codes. Conclusion The study presents a standardized method for the assessment of the health status of patients with PACS through ICF. Restriction in work performance, socialization and family relationships as well as disabilities in physical endurance, fatigue and exercise tolerance were found in the sample. The agreement between the raters was moderate to perfect, demonstrating that the method can be reproducible.

Effects of different inspiratory muscle training protocols on functional exercise capacity and respiratory and peripheral muscle strength in patients with chronic kidney disease: a randomized study

BackgroundPathological changes were observed in the diaphragm due to abnormal renal function in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) has been suggested for patients with CKD; however, the most appropriate intensity for IMT has not been determined. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of different IMT protocols on respiratory muscle strength, quadriceps femoris muscle strength (QMS), handgrip muscle strength (HGS), functional exercise capacity, quality of life (QoL), pulmonary function, dyspnoea, fatigue, balance, and physical activity (PA) levels in patients with CKD.MethodsThis randomized, controlled, single-blind study included 47 patients and they were divided into three groups: Group 1 (n = 15, IMT with 10% maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP)), Group 2 (n = 16, IMT with 30% MIP), and Group 3(n = 16; IMT with 60% MIP). MIP, maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), 6-min walking test (6-MWT), QMS, HGS, QoL, pulmonary function, dyspnoea, fatigue, balance, and PA levels were assessed before and after eight weeks of IMT.ResultsIncreases in MIP, %MIP, 6-MWT distance, and %6-MWT were significantly higher in Groups 2 and 3 than in Group 1 after IMT (p < 0.05). MEP, %MEP, FEF25-75%, QMS, HGS, and QoL significantly increased; dyspnoea and fatigue decreased in all groups (p < 0.05). FVC, PEF, and PA improved only in Group 2, and balance improved in Groups 1 and 2 (p < 0.05).ConclusionsIMT with 30% and 60% MIP similarly improves inspiratory muscle strength and functional exercise capacity. IMT with 30% is more effective in increasing PA. IMT is a beneficial method to enhance peripheral and expiratory muscle strength, respiratory function, QoL and balance, and reduce dyspnoea and fatigue. IMT with %30 could be an option for patients with CKD who do not tolerate higher intensities.Trial registrationThis study was retrospectively registered (NCT06401135, 06/05/2024).

Respiratory muscle strength can improve the prognostic assessment in COPD

Impaired lung function, respiratory muscle weakness and exercise intolerance are present in COPD and contribute to poor prognosis. However, the contribution of the combination of these manifestations to define prognosis in COPD is still unknown. This study aimed to define cut-off points for both inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength (MIP and MEP, respectively) for mortality prediction over 42-months in patients with COPD, and to investigate its combination with other noninvasive established prognostic measures (FEV1, V̇O2peak and 6MWD) to improve risk identification. Patients with COPD performed pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, six-minute walk and cardiopulmonary exercise tests, and were followed over 42 months to analyze all-cause mortality. A total of 79 patients were included. The sample was mostly (91.1%) comprised of severe (n = 37) and very severe (n = 34) COPD, and 43 (54%) patients died during the follow-up period. Cut-points of ≤ 55 and ≤ 80 cmH2O for MIP and MEP, respectively, were associated with increased risk of death (log-rank p = 0.0001 for both MIP and MEP) in 42 months. Furthermore, MIP and MEP substantially improved the mortality risk assessment when combined with FEV1 (log-ranks p = 0.006 for MIP and p < 0.001 for MEP), V̇O2peak (log-rank: p < 0.001 for both MIP and MEP) and 6MWD (log-ranks: p = 0.005 for MIP; p = 0.015 for MEP). Thus, patients severely affected by COPD presenting MIP ≤ 55 and/or MEP ≤ 80 cmH2O are at increased risk of mortality. Furthermore, MIP and MEP substantially improve the mortality risk assessment when combined with FEV1, V̇O2peak and 6MWD in patients with COPD.

#2892 The role of physical activity in onco-nephrology; a new weapon in the management of urological malignancies

Abstract Background and Aims New clinical evidence demonstrated that Physical Activity (PA) brings numerous benefits both at the level of Health-RelatedQuality of Life (HRQoL), biological mechanisms and at the psychological level. Indeed, it is well known that cancer treatments results in a series of symptoms and side effects that debilitates the patients with cancer and can be counteracted with physical activity. PA has an effect on several aspects of biological mechanisms: sex hormones, metabolic hormones, inflammation and adiposity, and immune function. Furthermore, strong evidence shows that aerobic or combined (aerobic and endurance) training reduces symptoms of anxiety, depression and fatigue. Combined training also leads to improvements in HRQoL, preventing and improving muscle loss and sarcopenia. This study aims to assess the influence of physical activity on this improved scenario. Method A consecutive cohort of 82 pts was enrolled in the Urological Department at San Raffaele Scientific Institute between 2018-2021. The control group (CT) was composed of 31 patients affected by CKD alone (GFR &amp;lt; 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, K-DIGO 2012 classification) and 51 patients with CKD and a recent history of urological malignancies (within 12 months) represented the case group (CS). Inclusion criteria were: Age (&amp;gt;18 years old), eGFR (&amp;lt;60 ml/min/1.73), Malnutritional Screening Tool (MST&amp;lt;2), Urological Cancer aggressiveness (no metastatic process), Informed consent (signed). Each patient underwent an initial nephrological and nutritional evaluation during which a conventional CKD Mediterranean-like diet with a controlled protein intake (MCPD) (0.6-1 g total protein/kg body weight/die and 30-35 kcal/kg body weight/die) was prescribed together with physical activity recommendation according to The National Kidney Foundation (NKF) for a period of 6 months (±2 months). Physical activity recommendations included some aerobic exercise for 30 min on most days of the week, plus other activities to increase muscle strength (exercises with resistance bands) e/o to improve flexibility (such as stretching) once or twice a week. To assess the influence of physical activity within the collaborative nephrologist-nutritionist approach (NNCA) on enhanced kidney function, the Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA) test was administered to each patient. The test consists of two indicators: RAPA 1 will indicate aerobic physical activity levels (from 0=sedentary to 7=physically active), while RAPA 2 will indicate other types of exercises (0=none; 1=strength; 2=flexibility; 3=both). Subsequently, Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) was conducted on all participants in the cohort to collect data on Body Cell Mass per height squared (BCM/h2), Phase Angle (PA), Extracellular Mass (ECM)/BCM, and Extracellular to Intracellular water ratio (ECW/ICW). Statistical analysis: Linear regression and Pearson's Chi-Squared test; Data analysis: R programming language and RStudio integrated development environment. Results Table 1 shows the patient's baseline characteristics. Table 2 shows anthropometric indices and parameters at pre- and post-dietary and nephrological intervention. Table 3 underlines the poor condition prevalent in CKD patients with or without oncological history, also confirmed by the low level of usual physical activity detected by the RAPA test at T0. Sure enough, our population was mainly inactive and sedentary. Results show that, after the intervention, our patients became regularly active (RAPA 1 score T0: 2.47; RAPA 1 score T1: 3.17; Delta = + 0.7, p &amp;lt; 0.0001); the same trend was observed for RAPA 2 score (observed increase 14%, p &amp;lt; 0.002). Conclusion Based on these findings, it can be inferred that standard clinical care should incorporate thorough assessment of both nutritional status and PA. The adoption of a MCPD, coupled with exercise training within a collaborative nephrologist-nutritionist approach, emerges as a potential strategy to enhance the HRQoL of this particular kind of patient.

The Effect of Telehealth-Based Rehabilitation on Patient Reported Outcomes and Objective Clinical Measurements in Patients With Degenerative Meniscal Tear

Aim: The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of telehealth-based home exercises and conventionally prescribed home exercises in patients with degenerative meniscal tears. Material and Method: A two-armed, randomized controlled study was conducted with 49 participants with degenerative meniscal disease. Patients were randomized into Telerehabilitation (TR=25) and Conventional Home Exercise Rehabilitation (CR=24) groups. The TR group provided video exercises and self-management education via an online platform. The same protocol was given to the CR group in the clinical setting. Pain with Visual Analog Scale, muscle strength with Hand-Held Dynamometer, proprioception with Baseline bubble inclinometer, functional status with Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, exercise adherence with Exercise Adherence Rating Scale, quality of life with Short Form-12 were evaluated at baseline and after eight weeks of intervention. In addition, satisfaction and usability were assessed with the Telemedicine Satisfaction and Usefulness Questionnaire at week 8. Results: The TR group improved activity pain, proprioception, some parameters of the muscle strength outcomes, and exercise adherence scores (p0.05). In addition, 52 percent of the TR group reported high levels of satisfaction and usability. Conclusion: Despite increased participation and satisfaction, the telerehabilitation group noticed improvements in clinician-based measures (proprioception, strength) but not in rest pain, function, and quality of life. As a result, telerehabilitation-based home exercises prescribed to these patient groups are more effective.

Effects of linear periodized and non-periodized combined training on body image perception of adults with obesity: A randomized clinical trial

Objective Verify the effect of non-periodized and linear periodized combined training on body image perception and body dissatisfaction in adults with obesity. Design A randomized clinical trial on the effect of two types of combined training periodization was carried out on people with grade I and II obesity. Setting Participants were allocated into three groups: non-periodized periodization group, linear periodization group, and control group, with 23 participants in each. Subjects Adults with obesity, with a body mass index between 30 kg/m² and 40 kg/m². Interventions The intervention lasted 16 weeks (separated into three mesocycles of 4 weeks and 1 week of familiarization), in 3 weekly sessions of 1 hour each, composed of aerobic (30 min) and muscle strength exercises (six exercises) in the same session. The group with non-periodized model maintained uniform intensity, volume, and workload throughout the mesocycles. The group with the linear periodization model started with low initial intensity, subsequently introducing a gradual increase of intensity in the mesocycles. Main measures Body image perception (current and ideal silhouette) and body dissatisfaction were assessed using the Stunkard silhouette scale. Results The perception of the current silhouette increased only in the control group (Δ = 1.16; p = 0.04). There was a significant reduction in the ideal silhouette over time (p = 0.001), especially in non-periodized group (Δ = −1.26). Body dissatisfaction increased significantly only over time (p = 0.001), especially for control group (Δ = 1.47). Conclusions Regardless of periodization, combined training effectively maintained the perception of the current silhouette and reduced the ideal silhouette in adults with obesity. Trial registration Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (RBR-3c7rt3).

Case Report: A comprehensive rehabilitation protocol in a post-operative case of ASD closure along with PAPVC

An array of congenital cardiac disorders known as partial anomalous pulmonary venous connections (PAPVC) occur when pulmonary veins, abnormally drain into the right atrium. This can happen directly into the right atrium or via draining into systemic veins. A 10 year old female patient had chief complaints of difficulty in breathing and frequent fever hence she visited rural hospital where 2D echo was done which reviled PAPVC associated with 16 mm ASD (Atrial Septal Defect). She underwent ASD closure along with pulmonary valvotomy as a part of surgical management after which a well-planned cardiac rehabilitation has been ingrained through several breathing methods such as breathing exercises, respiratory muscle strength and home exercise program, helping the patient to carry out her activities of daily living. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Respiratory Muscle Strength using MicroRPM device, 6 Minute Walk Distance (MWD), Borg Scale and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). In this present instance, carefully thought-out physical therapy rehabilitation has been shown to be successful in enhancing functional capacity, respiratory muscle strength, optimizing functional capacity, and lowering fatigue.

The Effects of Various Approaches to Lobectomies on Respiratory Muscle Strength, Diaphragm Thickness, and Exercise Capacity in Lung Cancer

BackgroundThe most common surgery for non-small cell lung cancer is lobectomy, which can be performed through either thoracotomy or video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). Insufficient research has examined respiratory muscle function and exercise capacity in lobectomy performed using conventional thoracotomy (CT), muscle-sparing thoracotomy (MST), or VATS. This study aimed to assess and compare respiratory muscle strength, diaphragm thickness, and exercise capacity in lobectomy using CT, MST, and VATS.MethodsThe primary outcomes were changes in respiratory muscle strength, diaphragm thickness, and exercise capacity. Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) were recorded for respiratory muscle strength. The 6-min walk test (6MWT) was used to assess functional exercise capacity. Diaphragm thickness was measured using B-mode ultrasound.ResultsThe study included 42 individuals with lung cancer who underwent lobectomy via CT (n = 14), MST (n = 14), or VATS (n = 14). Assessments were performed on the day before surgery and on postoperative day 20 (range 17–25 days). The decrease in MIP (p < 0.001), MEP (p = 0.003), 6MWT (p < 0.001) values were lower in the VATS group than in the CT group. The decrease in 6MWT distance was lower in the MST group than in the CT group (p = 0.012). No significant differences were found among the groups in terms of diaphragmatic muscle thickness (p > 0.05).ConclusionThe VATS technique appears superior to the CT technique in terms of preserving respiratory muscle strength and functional exercise capacity. Thoracic surgeons should refer patients to physiotherapists before lobectomy, especially patients undergoing CT. If lobectomy with VATS will be technically difficult, MST may be an option preferable to CT because of its impact on exercise capacity.

A pulmonary rehabilitation program is an effective strategy to improve forced vital capacity, muscle strength, and functional exercise capacity similarly in adults and older people with post-severe COVID-19 who required mechanical ventilation.

It is internationally known that our population is aging. At the same time, some patients with COVID-19, due to their symptoms, required mechanical ventilation (MV) and subsequent pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). This study aimed to compare the effects of a multimodal PR program "ADULT" versus "OLDER" people with COVID-19 who were on MV. The intervention consisted of an 8-week hybrid PR program (2x week). Forced vital capacity (FVC) was measured at the beginning and end of PR, upper and lower limb strength was obtained through hand grip strength (HGS) and the sit-to-stand test (STST), respectively, and functional exercise capacity was measured with the 6-minute walking test (6MWT). The main results were an increase in the FVC in the ADULT and OLDER groups (time effect, P = 0.000; η2 = 0.27), an increase in HGS in the ADULT and OLDER groups (time effect, P = 0.000; η2 = 0.52), in the same way, the number of repetitions on the STST increased in the ADULT and OLDER groups (time effect, P = 0.000; η2 = 0.55). Finally, the distance covered on the 6MWT increased in the ADULT and OLDER groups (time effect, P = 0.000; η2 = 0.65). The PR program is an effective strategy to improve FVC, muscle strength, and functional exercise capacity similarly in adults and older people with post severe COVID-19 who required MV.

Why don't women engage in muscle strength exercise? An integrative review.

Women are 'at-risk' population for failing to meet muscle strengthening guidelines. Health benefits specific to this exercise mode include maintenance of muscle mass, which is associated with reduced risk of chronic disease and falls. Of significance is the progressive decline in muscle strength exercise participation in women aged 35-54 in Australia. This period is critical for maintaining muscle strength as it establishes foundations for older women's engagement. This integrative review examined available evidence regarding factors influencing muscle strength exercise participation, specifically in women aged 35-54. Seven databases were searched. Study inclusion criteria were: (1) peer reviewed, (2) English language, (3) sample populations of healthy female adults or general adult sample population differentiating females from males, (4) mean age between 35 and 54 years, (5) focused on muscle strength exercise and measured as the primary outcome factors of participation in muscle strength exercise. Five of 1895 studies met inclusion criteria. Five key factors were associated with participation in muscle strength exercise of women aged 35-54 years: perceived time constraints; knowledge and education; modality and intensity; social support and behavioural strategies. Focused education on strength exercise and guidelines, plus initiatives and strategies that suit the needs of this cohort, are necessary to achieve health and wellbeing benefits. Responsive approaches by health professionals to these women's circumstances can potentially address current low participation levels. SO WHAT?: Creating conditions where health professionals respect a woman's exercise preferences can positively impact these women's musculoskeletal health into older age.

Associations Between D3Cr Muscle Mass and Magnetic Resonance Thigh Muscle Volume With Strength, Power, Physical Performance, Fitness, and Limitations in Older Adults in the SOMMA Study.

How magnetic resonance (MR) derived thigh muscle volume and deuterated creatine dilution derived muscle mass (D3Cr muscle mass) differentially relate to strength, fitness, and other functions in older adults-and whether associations vary by sex-is not known. Men (N = 345) and women (N = 482) aged ≥70 years from the Study of Muscle, Mobility, and Aging completed leg extension strength (1-repetition max) and cardiopulmonary exercise testing to assess fitness (VO2peak). Correlations and adjusted regression models stratified by sex were used to assess the association between muscle size measures, study outcomes, and sex interactions. D3Cr muscle mass and MR thigh muscle volume were correlated (men: r = 0.62, women: r = 0.51, p < .001). Each standard deviation (SD) decrement in D3Cr muscle mass was associated with lower 1-repetition max strength (-14kg men, -4kg women, p < .001 for both; p-interaction = .003) and lower VO2peak (-79mL/min men, -30mL/min women, p < .001 for both, p-interaction: .016). Each SD decrement in MR thigh muscle volume was also associated with lower strength (-32kg men, -20kg women, p < .001 for both; p-interaction = .139) and lower VO2peak (-217mL/min men, -111mL/min women, p < .001 for both, p-interaction = .010). There were associations, though less consistent, between muscle size or mass with physical performance and function; associations varied by sex. Less muscle-measured by either D3Cr muscle mass or MR thigh muscle volume-was associated with lower strength and fitness. Varied associations by sex and assessment method suggest consideration be given to which measurement to use in future studies.