Mus Province Research Articles

KİRLETİCİ PARAMETRELERİN ATMOSFERDEKİ YOĞUNLUKLARINA DAİR SINIR DEĞERLER: ÖRNEK ÇALIŞMA MUŞ İLİNİN HAVA KİRLİLİĞİ

Hem iklim değişikliğinin bir girdisi, hem de bir çıktısı durumunda olan hava kirliliği, canlı yaşantısını ve çevresel dengeyi etkileyen önemli bir çevre sorunudur. Hava kirliliği canlı sağlığına ve çevreye olumsuz yönde etki etmektedir. Avrupa’da hava kirletici sınır değerleri son on yıllarda önemli ölçüde düşürülmüş ve bu durum hava kalitesinde iyileşme ile sonuçlanmıştır. Fakat hala hava kirleticilerin değerleri oldukça yüksektir ve hava kalitesiyle olan sorunlar devam etmektedir. Yasal düzenlemelerle belirlenen hava kirleticilere ait ölçülen değerler düzenli ve planlı olarak izlenmeli, canlı sağlığını olumsuz yönde etkilediği zaman acil müdahale mekanizmaları devreye girmelidir. Bu nedenle çalışmada 2012- 2021 yılları arasında Muş ilinin hava kalitesi düzeylerinin belirlenmesi ve değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada PM10 ve SO2 parametrelerin yıl, mevsim, ay, gün ve saatlik değerleri olarak hesaplanmış ve ölçümler birbirleriyle karşılaştırılmıştır. PM10 (40 µg m-3) ve SO2 (20 µg m-3) değerlerinin Hava Kalitesi Değerlendirme ve Yönetimi Yönetmeliğinde belirlenen yıllık ortalama değerleri genellikle aştığı tespit edilmiştir.

Investigation of Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis in Horses and Donkeys in Muş Province of Turkey

The purpose of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis in equidae in the province of Muş, Turkey. The study material consisted of 210 equidae including 159 horses and 51 donkeys in Mus province. In serum samples, anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and titers were detected using Sabin Feldman Dye Test (SFDT). Seropositivity was found in 115 (54.76 %) of the 210 equidae tested in the study. The rate of seropositivity in donkeys (92.16%) was higher than the rate in horses (42.77%), and statistical significance was observed (P<0.001). T. gondii antibody was detected in 68 (42.77%) of the horse sera examined by SFDT. When T. gondii seropositivity was evaluated according to gender, it was found to be 47.92% in females and 32.92% in males. No statistical difference was observed between the gender groups (P> 0.05). When T. gondii seropositivity was evaluated according to age, seropositivity rate in the equidae older than 10 years was found to be higher as 46.67%, but no statistical significance was observed among the age groups. T. gondii antibody was detected in 47 (92.16%) of donkey sera examined by SFDT. When T. gondii seropositivity was evaluated according to gender, the rate of seropositivity was found to be 89.47% in females and 93.75% in males. No statistical significance was observed between the gender groups (P>0.05). When T. gondii seropositivity was evaluated according to age, the seropositivity rate in those older than 10 years was found to be higher as 96.30%, but no statistical significance was observed among the age groups (P>0.05). As a result of scanning the equidea in Muş province by SFDT, seropositivity rate was found as 42.77% in horses and 92.16% in donkeys.Keywords: Donkey, Horse, SFDT, Toxoplasma gondii, Toxoplasmosis

CUMHURIYET DONEMINDE MUS'DA TARIM ALANINDAKI GELISMELER DEVELOPMENTS IN AGRICULTURE IN MUS IN THE REPUBLIC PERIOD

With the declaration of the Republic on October 29, 1923, it is known that there are many developments in the field of agriculture and animal husbandry as well as many other areas in Turkey. In the development criteria that started in the world after World War II, there were also data on agriculture and animal husbandry. Indicators in the field of agriculture and animal husbandry have a significant place among the development criteria of the provinces and regions after DPT in the country. The area of Mus province, which has a surface area of 8. 196 km², the majority of the population lives in the countryside and the livelihood is agriculture and animal husbandry. This study serves as a social history of the period of the Republic and Mus in the field of Agriculture and animal husbandry in the development it is demonstrated by examining the result. The survey of cultivated fields in the Republican period according to the distribution of the products in Mus, Mus in Turkey in terms of areas and production of Main products of October the total share, the size of the business, according to the land distribution, animal numbers, animal products production (in tons) and their share in Turkey production, according to DIE and TUIK data, researched, and compared the values with the average of Turkey. In this study, administrators of Gündoğmuş Boarding Primary Schools were asked about their personal problems, their educational problems, their reasons for being in school (working-reading-child's parents), their satisfaction about working at school and their situation The proposal for a solution to the related problems has been researched.

Muş İlindeki Besi İşletmelerinde Sürdürülebilir Üretim ve Bunu Etkileyen Faktörler

Bu çalışma Muş ili besi işletmelerinde sürdürülebilir üretim ve bunu etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla, Muş ili merkez ve ilçelerinde rastgele örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak saptanan 368 işletmeci ile anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Yapılan araştırmada, işletmecilerin %83,8’i besiciliği sürdürmek istediğini belirtirken %16,2’si sürdürmek istemediğini bildirmiştir. Besiciliği sürdürme isteği ile yaş, eğitim seviyesi ve deneyim arasında pozitif ilişki, hayvan sayısı ile negatif ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Besiciliği baba mesleği ve severek yapan işletmecilerin, başka iş olmadığı için yapanlardan daha memnun oldukları ve işi sürdürmek istedikleri belirlenmiştir. Besi sonunda hayvanlarını eder fiyata satan işletmecilerin besicilikten memnun oldukları ve besiciliği de severek yaptıkları belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, besiciliğin sürdürülebilirliğini, işletmecilerin yaşı, eğitim durumu ve deneyimleri ile mevcut hayvan sayısı, besi sonunda hayvanların eder fiyata satılması olumlu yönde etkilemektedir.

Molecular Investigation and Genotyping of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi in Horses in Mus Province, Turkey

Equine Piroplasmosis (EP) is a tick-borne disease caused by Theileria equi and Babesia caballi of the phylum Apicomplexa. In this study, 102 blood samples were randomly collected from the horses in Mus province of Turkey. PCR analysis, gene sequences, and phylogenetic analyses were carried out for detecting the presence and genotypic characteristics of species that cause piroplasmosis. Four (3.9%) of the 102 horses that were examined were found to be positive for T. equi, while B. caballi was not detected. Theileria equi isolates that were detected in the sequence analyses were found to be 100% identical to the isolates that were isolated from the horses in Turkey, the United States, and South Africa as well. In the phylogenetic analysis, all of the isolates were found to cluster with T. equi sequences in the genotype A. This study, in which we revealed intraspecies sequence heterogeneity of the parasite using the 18S rRNA gene region, provides important epidemiological data for equine piroplasmosis. However, we think that determining the characterization of genotypes that are common in different parts of our country is extremely important in terms of developing new diagnostic tools and vaccines.

General Evaluation of Some Soil Characteristics of the Mus Province Using GIS (Geographical Information System) Technique

Bu çalışmada Muş ilinin bazı toprak özelliklerinin CBS (Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri) teknikleriyle genel bir değerlendirmesinin yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında, mülga Köy Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü tarafından hazırlanmış olan “Muş İli Verimlilik Envanteri ve Gübre İhtiyaç Raporu” ve “1/100.000 ölçekli Verimlilik Haritaları” kullanılmıştır. Buna göre Muş ili toprakları göre genel olarak killi ve killi balçık tekstür ve genellikle de nötr pH özellikleri göstermekte olup, tuzluluk sorunları da çok düşük düzeydedir.Ayrıca sahadaki topraklarının tarımsal verimlilik düzeylerinin düşük, orta ve yüksek olduğu ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın Muş ilindeki toprakları konusundaki mevcut çalışmaların modern yöntem ve tekniklerle tekrar ele alınıp değerlendirilmesinin önemini yansıtması bakımından literatürde önemli bir boşluğu dolduracağı düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca bu çalışmanın Türkiye’nin diğer illerinde bu konuda benzer araştırmalara örnek teşkil edeceği tahmin edilmektedir.

Evaluation of Muş Meals in the context of Nutritional Anthropology

Bu çalışmanın amacı Muş ilinin coğrafi işaretli ve önemli geleneksel yemeklerinin beslenme antropolojisi açısından değerlendirilmesidir. Muş Çorti Turşusu, Muş Çorti Aşı, Muş Köftesi, Kaburga Dolması, Yumurtalı Kenger, Hazüt Dolması, Kırçikli Kelem Dolma, Cavbelek, Herse ve Kırçik yemekleri besin gruplarına ayrılarak incelenmiştir. Bölge mutfağı hayvancılık nedeniyle et ve süt ürünlerine dayanmaktadır. Tarımsal olarak en fazla üretilen buğday yemeklerin büyük çoğunluğunda kullanılmaktadır. Bölgede yetişen lahana sebze yemeklerinin başında gelmektedir. Özellikle kurutma ve salamura işlemleri sebzelerin kışa hazırlanması için kullanılmaktadır. Yemeklerin yapılışı ve isimleri bölgedeki eski medeniyetlerden izler taşımaktadır.

1952 Muş Depremi ve Bu Kapsamda Yapılan Yardımlar

Türkiye bulunduğu coğrafya itibariyle deprem konusunda pek şanslı bir ülke sayılmamaktadır. Dünyanın jeolojik haritalarında belirlenmiş bazı riskli fay hatları Türkiye topraklarından geçmektedir. Dolaysıyla deprem veya yer sarsıntıları konusunda Türkiye her zaman bu durumlara karşı çok yönlü bir şekilde hazırlıklı olmalıdır. Devletin doğal afetlerle ilgili mercilerinin, toplumu deprem konusunda bilinçlendirmeye dönük eğitim, ilk yardım ve diğer programlarının olması öncelik taşımaktadır. Bu sürecin bir diğer safhası ise iktisadi gelişmeyi artırarak kentleşme, alt ve üst yapı biçimlerinin dayanıklılığını modern imar faaliyetleriyle sağlamaktır. Söz konusu iktisadi ve sosyo-kültürel geri kalmışlığın doğal afetler ile muhasebesinde toplumlar için ağır sonuçları olduğu tarihsel açıdan her zaman görülmüştür. Osmanlı’dan Cumhuriyet’e ve 1950’lere gelindiğinde Türkiye toplumunun gözle görülür bir iktisadi ve sosyal geri kalmışlığın merkezinde olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Bu geri kalmışlığın taşradaki vaziyeti daha karamsar bir boyuttadır. Türkiye toplumunun bu zaman zarfında deprem gibi yaşadığı bazı doğal afetlerin sonucunda ortaya çıkan tablo oldukça vahimdir. Türkiye’nin doğusunda, merkezden uzak ve az gelişmiş bir taşrası olan Muş vilayetinde 1950’lere gelindiğinde hayatın her sahasında benzer şekilde kentleşme, alt yapı, imar ve iktisadi sorunların bulunduğu bir gerçektir. Bu çalışmada, depremsellik özelliği yüksek bir yer olan Muş’ta 1952 yılında meydana gelen afetin yönetilme süreci ve sonuçları ele alınacaktır.

Evaluation of the Knowledge about the Basic Food Processes and the Business Satisfaction of Workers in Some Food Plants in Mus Province, Turkey

This research was carried out to determine the job satisfaction/dissatisfaction of the employees in food businesses operating in Mus province and the available food processing process information. In order to achieve this goal, the evaluation form determined by us within the framework of the rules by which job satisfaction can be determined was used. Obtained was evaluated statistically. In addition, job satisfaction questionnaires of participants who could not answer at least 2 of the questions about food processing correctly were not taken into consideration. According to the data obtained, it was determined that i28% of the participants whose questionnaire was not evaluated, 34% of those who declared that they collaborated with different departments in the business, 25% of those who see the business as their family, 40% of those who want orientation training in the business, those who say I would choose this if I had only one job 21% and 31% of those who declared that they do my job with pleasure. According to these results, it was concluded that training on basic food processes is necessary for the province of Mus province and that enterprises have important duties regarding the job satisfaction of employees. Keywords: Mus Province, food processes, job satisfaction DOI: 10.7176/JSTR/6-13-03

Contributions to The Moss Flora of Muş and Hakkari Provinces in Turkey

Bu çalışmanın amacı; öncelikle Muş ve Hakkari illerinin karayosunu floralarına ve ayrıca Türkiye karayosunu florasına katkı sağlamaktır. Karayosunu örnekleri 2019 yılı Nisan, Temmuz ve Eylül ayları içerisinde Türkiye'nin güneydoğu bölgesindeki Hakkari ilinin Çukurca ve Derecik ilçelerinden, ayrıca Türkiye'nin doğu bölgesindeki Muş ilinin Varto ve Merkez ilçelerinden toplanmıştır. Topladığımız karayosunu örneklerinin teşhis edilmesi sonucu, Henderson’un Türkiye Kareleme Sistemi’ne göre B9 (Muş) karesi için 3 ve C15 (Hakkâri) karesi için ise 9 taksonun yeni kare kaydı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, floristik listedeki tüm taksonlar, onlarla ilgili bütün literatürlerin gözden geçirilmesi sonucu belirlenen, Türkiye dağılımları ve Avrupa için IUCN kategorileri, yaşam formları ve bazı ekolojik özelliklerine (nemlilik, ışık ve asidite) ait bilgilerle birlikte sunulmuştur.

Türkiye, Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi ve Muş İlinde Çayır Mera Yem Bitkileri ve Hayvancılığın Bugünkü Durumu

Hayvancılıkta karlı bir üretim için, yem maliyetlerinin düşürülmesi gerekmektedir. 2018 yılı Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TUİK) resmi verileri üzerinden yapılan hesaplamalara göre, Türkiye 18,6 milyon büyükbaş hayvan birimine (BBHB) denk gelen hayvan varlığının toplam kaba yem ihtiyacı 85 milyon tondur. Ancak Türkiye‘nin toplam kaba yem üretimi toplamı 59 milyon ton olup, bunun 10 mil. tonu çayır meralardan, 18 milyon tonu yem bitkilerinden, 31 milyon tonu diğer bitkisel artıklardan karşılanmaktadır. Ülkedeki toplam kaba yem açığı 26 milyon ton olup, bu da toplam ülkenin toplam kaba yem ihtiyacının %30‘una tekabül etmektedir. Kaliteli kaba yem açığı ise bunun çok üzerindedir. Doğu Anadolu Bölgesinde ise kaba yem açığı 3,5 milyon ton (% 19) olarak hesaplanmıştır. Muş‘ta ise üretilen kaba yemin, mevcut hayvan varlığına yeterli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Hayvancılığın genel olarak meraya dayalı olarak yapıldığı Doğu Anadolu Bölgesinde üretilen yem bitkileri miktarı da Türkiye ortalamasının üzerindedir. Türkiye kaba yem açığının kapatılması için mera alanlarının ıslahı ve tekniğine uygun kullanılarak bu alanlardan daha yüksek verim alınması, tarla tarımı içerisinde yem bitkileri ekim alanlarının artırılması gerekmektedir. Kaba yem açığının kapatılması ile daha yüksek hayvansal üretim elde edilebilecek, girdi maliyetleri düşebilecek ve hayvan üreticilerin gelir seviyesi artacak ve hayvansal ürünlerin fiyatı düşebilecektir. Çalışmada Türkiye, Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi ve Muş İli çayır mera yem bitkileri durumu, kaba yem üretim durumu, kaba yem açığı konuları irdelenmeye çalışılmıştır.

Recommended sheep husbandry model and body weights of Morkaraman lambs in Muş province*

This research was carried out in order to determine some reproductive traits, the birth and the weaning weight and daily live weight gain of Morkaraman sheep in different farms of Mus province. The data used in this study was one year data of 2019 year obtained from a total of 28 sheep farms in Mus province. The mean for birth weight and 90th day weaning weight were calculated as 3.79±0.01 and 29.30±0.10 kg. The average daily live weight gain of lambs was found 272.8±0.01 g between birth and 90th day. Means for some reproductive traits as lambing rate, infertility rate, survival rate at 90th day weaaning, fecundity, and litter size were found as 92.2%, 7.8%, 97%, 1.11, and 1.21, respectively. Effect of birth type and dam age on birth and weaning weight and daily live weight gain was found to be statistically significant (p<0.001). Effect of gender on birth (p<0.001) and weaning weight (p<0.05) was found to be statistically significant. The results of this research have shown that source of variation observed for birth and weaning weight in Morkaraman sheep may be the genetic and the environmental. As a result, it has been recommended to perform the improvement studies in mutton production from Morkaraman sheep and growth features can be used as a breeding criterion to improve meat yield.

Okul Öncesi Eğitimde Müzik Etkinliklerinde Kullanılan Öğretim Yöntem ve Materyalleri

In this study, it has been intend to get data about the existing materials used by pre-school teachers in music centers in pre-school education, to identify the problems encountered by the teachers in planning and practicing the musical activities by taking the opinions about how frequently these music materials are used in the musical activities, and to determine the methods and techniques implemented by them. The research is a qualitative study that is in the pattern of phenomenology. 19 pre-school teachers serving within the borders of the central district of Mus Province compose the study group of the research. The selection of the study group is based on the goal-oriented sampling among the non-probability sampling methods and easily accessible case sampling included in this sampling. As data collection instrument in the research, semi-structured interview form has been conducted. Content analysis, in which the inductive approach is based on, has been used in the data analysis of the interviews implemented with the teachers. In the study, it has been concluded that the teachers mostly use the musical activities to improve the sense of rhythm in their class. It can be recommended that the pre-school teachers should make a profession association with the universities for the solution of problems related to classroom management they encounter in performing the musical activities and keep themselves up to date with new methods and techniques. It may also be advisable to use the micro teaching method in terms of seeing their deficiencies at this stage and generating their own solutions to proceed .

MUŞ-VARTO KAYNARCA KÖPRÜSÜ KORUMA PROJESİ VE ONARIM ÇALIŞMALARI HAKKINDA BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Lake Van Basin which is located in the east of the country, has been in the crossroad among transitions east and west or north and south. Form and functionality had been made parallell progresses to the stone bridge construction and reflected to the architecture in Ottoman period. Thus highway transporters' traffic replaced caravan convoys and motorways replaced pack trails. It is known that many stone bridges were built in various periods in Mus which is located in the center of Eastern Anatolian region. Kaynarca bridge is located in Kaynarca village, at 21st km northeast of Mus province's Varto district. When general architectural feature, constructional materials and built technique of the bridge are compared with other historical stone bridges in the region, the bridge is considered to have been built in the XVIIth century, Ottoman period. In this scope, revised application projects and renovations alongside improvements with stream bed's coursed rubble stone fortifications based on these projects are conducted. The bridge's application projects (survey, restitution and restoration) are prepared in 2013 by lecturer Dr. Sahabettin Ozturk, Restoration Programme Director of the Architecture Department at the Yuzuncu Yil University's Faculty of Engineering-Architecture and approved by Van Regional Directorate of Cultural Heritage's Preservation. Kaynarca bridge is crossed by three niched similar rounded arches. Historical Kaynarca bridge which is in the area known as “caylar” (streams) in the west of the Mus province's Varto district is of quite importance from architectural qualities aspect. Renovation of the bridge has been performed by General Directorate of Highways, 11th Van Regional Directory between the years of 2012-13. The bridge has been serving between the villages in the area for both pedestrians and vehicle transportations currently. Its architectural structure and static structural position may cause some problems for transportations of heavy tonnage motorized vehichles as expectable realistically. For this purpose, the necessity of building an alternative new ferroconcrete pre-tensioned bridge comes out for the future

Determination of Attitude Levels of Teachers Working in School for Disabled Students Toward the Sportive Activities of Mentally Disabled Individuals (Muş Province Example)

The main aim of this study is to determine what factors affect the attitudes of teachers working in the special education school toward their occupations. In this study, effect of teachers was investigated in terms of gender, teaching domains, sports branches and age. It was carried out with the participations of totally 40 special education teachers working in the body of Mus Province National Education in 2018-2019 education-training year. The scale of attitude toward the sportive activities of mentally disabled individuals was developed by İlhan, Esentürk, and Yarımkaya (2016) (ZEBSEYTÖ). Validity and Reliability working sample was used. SPSS 23.0 package program was used in the analysis of data obtained and finding of the calculated values. It was determined that data do not show normal distribution by performing test of normality. For this reason, Mann Whitney-U test was used for the pairwise independent groups, error margin was taken 0.05 in this study. Once the attitude scale sub-dimensions were examined, no statistically significant difference was found between the genders. When the sub-dimensions of attitude scale were examined, no statistically significant difference was found between whether the participants engage in a sports branch or not. Significant difference was not seen in the participants in terms of doing sports and age.

Diversity of biochemical content in fruits of some indigenous mulberry genotypes

This research was carried out to assess the biochemical diversity of the fruits of mulberry genotypes grown in Mus Province in the eastern Anatolia region and to determine the genotypes available for breeding. Morphological and biochemical characteristics of 13 mulberry fruit genotypes, including 5 white (Morus alba) and 8 black (Morus nigra), were determined. Fruit antioxidant capacity was determined by Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay. Fruit weight, pH, soluble solid content, titratable acidity, vitamin C, and antioxidant capacity were 1.38-3.77 g, 4.77-6.79, 14.33%-23.50%, 0.53%-2.20%, 4.47-35.83 mg 100 g-1, and 4.33-13.63 µmol Trolox equivalent g, respectively, indicating enough diversity among genotypes for future breeding activities. Considering all genotypes, malic acid was dominant, and the highest malic acid content was detected in 4 Morus nigra genotypes as 8.546 mg g-1 fresh weight. Chlorogenic acid, rutin, and gallic acid were determined as the main phenolics among white and black mulberry genotypes. The highest chlorogenic acid, rutin, and gallic acid contents were found in black mulberry genotypes as 2.511 mg g-1 (Morus nigra 1), 1.285 mg g-1 (Morus nigra 1), and 1.162 mg g-1 (Morus nigra 3), respectively. In general, the genotypes sampled and used in the present study exhibited a broad range of variation.

Seroprevalance of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi in Horses of Mus Provice, Turkey

Equine piroplasmosis (EP) is a tick-borne protozoal disease of horses, mules, donkeys, and zebras that is characterized by fever, anemia, icterus, and hepatosplenomegaly. This study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi in horses in Mus province by cELISA. For this aim between June and August of 2017, blood samples were collected from a total of 182 horses belonging to nine different regions. cELISA was used to detect specific anti-T. equi/B. caballi antibodies in the serum samples. Twenty three (12.6%) of the examined horses were found to be infected with piroplasmosis. The prevalence of T. equi and B. caballi in the research area was determined as 12.1% and 0.5%, respectively. The prevalence of equine piroplasmosis in mares and stallions was found to be 16.2% and 7.8%, respectively and this difference was not found significant (p>0.05). Seropositive rate was statistically different among the age groups of horses and the highest seropositive rate was found in ≥10 years (old). The differences between age groups were found significant (p

A Critical Approach to Project-based Development: Sample of Mus Province

Bu çalışmada, Muş ili örneğinde Kalkınma Bakanlığı tarafından desteklenen projelerin, temel toplumsal sorunların giderilmesindeki rolü değerlendirilmiştir. Muş ilinin seçilmesinin nedeni, Kalkınma Bakanlığı ve TÜİK tarafından hazırlanan sosyo-ekonomik gelişmişlik sıralaması endeksi verilerine göre, ilin Türkiye’de 81 il arasında son sıralarda yer alıyor olmasıdır. Bu çerçevede, proje uygulayıcısı ve proje yararlanıcısı konumunda olan kişilerle görüşülmüştür. Kalkınma projelerini uygulayan kurum çalışanları ile proje yararlanıcılarının, uygulanmakta olan kalkınma projeleriyle ilgili görüşleri değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen verilerden hareketle, SODES ve DAKA tarafından yürütülen kalkınma projelerinin ilin ve bölgenin yapısal sorunlarının çözülmesindeki katkısının oldukça düşük olduğu görülmüştür. Araştırma sürecinde görüşülen bireylerin çoğunluğunun kalkınma politikaları ve projeleri konusunda olumsuz birtakım tutumlara sahip oldukları gözlemlenmiştir. Bu bağlamda, kalkınmayla ilgili politika ve kurumların yeniden düzenlenmesi gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Muş İlinde Canlı Hayvan Nakilleri Sırasında Hayvan Bakım ve İdaresini Yapan Personelin Hayvan Refahına İlişkin Algı ve Tutumları

The study was carried out with the participation of 80 people consisting of transporters, drivers and animal care personnel who deal with animal handling processes and live in the centre of Mus province and its districts where most of animal transporters settle. The questionnaire consists of three parts; the socio-demographic characteristics of participants are examined in part one. Part two analyses the attitude scale based on cognitive, emotional and behavioural aspects of animal welfare during transport; and, the third part evaluates the perception scale such as shelter, feeding, staff, health and other factors which determine the perception of staff towards the factors affecting animal welfare. The results obtained from the research showed that perception and attitude of the personnel assigned for animal transportation might affect the welfare of animals during transportation. Staff employed in animal handling and transportation in Mus Province is insufficient with respect to animal welfare knowledge and experience, and their attitude is shaped mostly by cognitive and emotional aspects. This study has come to the conclusion that in order to improve human-animal relations and its quality and ultimately animal welfare, the staff employed in the whole process must be evaluated thoroughly, and the fact that most transportations out of Mus consist of at least 8 or more hours of traveling should be taken into consideration in order to benefit from staff training and cognitive behavioural intervention techniques.

Economic and social structures of water buffalo farming in Muş province of Turkey

The purpose of this study was to analyse the socio-economic structure of water buffalo farming in the province of Mus, in Turkey. The stratified sampling method was used to calculate sample size of buffalo farms in the Central, Korkut, and Haskoy districts of Mus province, where buffalo farming is widespread. Data were collected from the 94 farms by surveys in the 2013 production period. A single budget analysis method was used to calculate production cost and profit for water buffaloes. Plant production constituted 37.85% of the gross production value, while animal production accounted for 62.15%. The biggest share in the gross production value derived from water buffalo farming (45.71%). Fixed and variable costs were 51.44% and 48.56% of the production cost (USD11691.06), respectively. The largest part of the variable cost was the feed cost (75.81%). The cost of per kilogram buffalo milk in the region was calculated as USD0.64. Consequently, it is important to ensure the continuation of breeding studies to increase milk yield, giving information to farmers about modern techniques, developing policies to increase the scale of the farms, and implementing regional and national policies to increase awareness of buffalo milk and milk products.