Municipalities Of Bahia Research Articles

Assessment of the Degree of Neurofunctional Disability in Leprosy Patients in a Municipality in Bahia, Brazil

Introdução: Mycobacterium leprae é um bacilo intracelular com tropismo pelas células de Schwann. O processo inflamatório, decorrente da invasão do bacilo, promove desmielinização, degeneração axonal e perda da função neural, condição conhecida como neuropatia hansênica e que repercute no paciente por meio de deformidades e incapacidades físicas. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o grau de incapacidade física e o comprometimento neurológico dos pacientes acometidos pela hanseníase em uma região endêmica da Bahia, Brasil. Métodos: Trata- -se de um estudo descritivo retrospectivo baseado em dados secundários obtidos de pacientes com hanseníase tratados em um centro de referência em Paulo Afonso, Bahia, entre 2009 e 2020. Os dados foram obtidos mediante consulta às fichas de notificação e prontuários médicos, tabulados e analisados. Resultados: Foram analisados 194 casos de hanseníase, sendo que 39,7% apresentaram algum grau de incapacidade física e 49,5% foram classificados como multibacilares. Houve uma associação estatística entre o desenvolvimento de incapacidade física e os pacientes acometidos pela hanseníase com baixa escolaridade (analfabetos ou com ensino fundamental incompleto), sexo masculino, idade igual ou superior aos 60 anos, casos multibacilares, com forma clínica dimorfa ou virchowiana, com mais de cinco lesões de pele, pelo menos um nervo afetado e baciloscopia positiva. Além disso, o nervo ulnar foi o principal tronco nervoso afetado, embora o principal local de incapacidades físicas tenha ocorrido nos membros inferiores. Conclusão: A alta prevalência de incapacidades físicas e o comprometimento neurológico entre pacientes com hanseníase nesta região endêmica destaca a necessidade de melhorar a educação em saúde, o diagnóstico precoce e estratégias para prevenir deformidades e incapacidades. Uma melhor compreensão dos fatores de risco e das medidas preventivas pode ajudar a reduzir o impacto da neuropatia hansênica na vida dos pacientes.

Arsenic, Cadmium, and Lead Levels in School Meals and Their Risk Assessment in Municipalities in Bahia, Brazil.

School meals represent a significant supply of nutrients for children in Brazil, especially those in conditions of social vulnerability. This study aimed to assess the levels of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in meals served in public elementary schools in four municipalities in the state of Bahia, Brazil, and assess the risk posed to children's health. Ninety-six samples were collected from 16 schools, freeze-dried, and subjected to microwave-assisted digestion. The As, Cd, and Pb levels were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The risk assessment was based on calculating each element's hazard quotient (HQ). None of the samples reached or exceeded the tolerable levels for the elements analyzed. Pb was the metal that obtained the most significant result, reaching maximum levels of 39-157 µg·kg-1. No element exceeded the PTWI proposed by JECFA; thus, the toxic metal content in school meals poses a negligible risk to children's health.

Smoked meat and tradition: Popularity, notoriety, and quality perception

Debate about artisanal products has been on the rise, stemming from initiatives that seek to preserve local food traditions, while dealing with health concerns. In Brazil, smoked meat (Portuguese: carne de fumeiro) is a kind of smoked pork, typical in the town of Maragogipe, in the Northeastern state of Bahia, also popular in other regions. The objective of this study was to understand the popularity and notoriety of smoked meat, as well as the perception of sanitary quality, from the consumers’ perspective and practices. A descriptive study was carried out, which involved consumers residing in municipalities in Bahia, with data collection through an online questionnaire and data treatment by descriptive statistics and association tests. 378 consumers participated in the study, of which 48% purchased the product in supermarkets, highlighting flavor/aroma (25.7%) as the factor that most influenced the choice. As for consumption practices, participants reported consuming this meat at home or in bars and restaurants, the main ways of preparing it being fried (36.9%), roasted (22.5%) or as an ingredient in preparations (22.4%) such as farofa, feijoada and puree. Despite its popularity, 40.2% indicated that the product could pose some risk to health, with an association with the need for labeling (p < 0.027), as a way of guaranteeing the identification of origin, shelf life and inspection of the product. Participants also mentioned the possibility of risks present in meat, such as bacteria (30%) and chemical substances (20.1%). The findings show the popularity of smoked meat, expressing its potential as a geographical indication, while pointing out to the perception of sanitary risks, signaling the need for regulation and quality control, aiming to promote its notoriety and market expansion.

Neonatal factors associated with early weaning in a municipality in Bahia, Brazil: a cross-sectional study.

To analyze neonatal factors associated with early weaning. This is a cross-sectional study conducted between March and September 2023 with 180 women six months to two years postpartum, from a municipality in Bahia, Brazil. For bivariate analysis, Pearson's chi-square tests were used, considering p < 0.05. The adjusted analysis included variables with p < 0.20, keeping those with p < 0.05, using stepwise multiple logistic regression, with a 95% confidence interval. The provision of pacifiers/bottles (OR: 18.96; 95% CI: 7.68-46.79; p < 0.001) and supplements in the maternity ward (OR: 4.44; 95% CI: 1.76-11.17; p: 0.002) were associated with greater likelihood of early weaning. Habits and beliefs, such as the use of bottles and pacifiers, and the introduction of infant formulas within the maternity ward with continued supplementation after hospital discharge were the neonatal factors associated with early weaning in this context.

Contextual factors of the performance of dental care for pregnant women in Primary Care among municipalities in Bahia

RESUMO Este estudo objetivou analisar os fatores contextuais do desempenho do atendimento odontológico para gestantes na Atenção Básica entre municípios baianos. A série temporal utilizou dados secundários dos 417 municípios, entre 2018 e 2022. O desfecho foi a meta do indicador de proporção de gestantes com atendimento odontológico por município: insuficiente (&lt;60,0%) ou suficiente (≥60,0%). As variáveis contextuais foram: fatores sociodemográficos (Porte Populacional, Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal, Produto Interno Bruto municipal per capita – PIB, Índice de Gini da renda domiciliar per capita, Índice de Vulnerabilidade Social e Núcleos Regionais de Saúde) e serviço de saúde (Cobertura de Estratégia Saúde da Família – ESF e de Saúde Bucal). Realizou-se regressão de Poisson uni e multivariada (p&lt;0,05). No último quadrimestre de cada ano: 2,9% (2018), 2,4% (2019), 5,3% (2020), 37,2% (2021) e 71,2% (2022) dos municípios atingiram a meta. No terceiro quadrimestre de 2021, os municípios com menor PIB, e em 2021 e 2022, com maior cobertura de ESF, apresentaram maior chance de atingir a meta. Conclui-se que houve aumento da proporção de atendimento odontológico para gestante ao longo dos anos entre os municípios baianos e atingir a meta foi associado a fatores sociodemográficos e de serviço de saúde.

Estigma na percepção de médicas e enfermeiras sobre o pré-natal de homens transexuais

Abstract Objective To analyze the stigma evidenced in doctors’ and nurses’ perception regarding prenatal care for transgender men. Methods A qualitative study developed with nine health professionals (six nurses and three doctors) working in Family Health Units in a municipality in Bahia. In-depth interviews were carried out, subjected to reflective thematic analysis and interpretation based on the theory of social stigma and the concept of cisheteronormativity. Results Two topics were derived that explained the establishment of labels and stereotypes on the body, mind and gender identity of pregnant trans men: professional (un)preparedness and distancing from cisheteronormative demands and perspectives for prenatal care for trans men. Elements of stigma observed were distance, labels, stereotype, discredit and discrimination. Such elements (stigmatizing perceptions) manifested themselves within the logic of normality and cisgender equality of trans men’s health needs in the prenatal context. Conclusion There is stigma in doctors’ and nurses’ perception regarding prenatal care for trans men. Stigmatization can negatively impact the quality of prenatal care and trans men’s health and safety in the pregnancy and puerperal cycle, anticipating thoughts, attitudes and practices that contribute to the deterioration of transmasculine identity during pregnancy.

Neonatal factors associated with early weaning in a municipality in Bahia, Brazil: a cross-sectional study

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar os fatores neonatais associados ao desmame precoce. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado entre os meses de março e setembro de 2023, com 180 mulheres entre seis meses e dois anos de pós-parto, de um município da Bahia. Para a análise bivariada, foram utilizados os testes do qui-quadrado de Pearson, considerando p &lt; 0,05. A análise ajustada incluiu as variáveis com valor de p &lt; 0,20, mantendo aquelas com p &lt; 0,05, utilizando-se a técnica de Stepwise para regressão logística múltipla, com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: A oferta de bicos artificiais chupetas/mamadeiras (OR: 18,96; IC 95%: 7,68–46,79; p &lt; 0,001) e oferta de complemento ainda na maternidade (OR: 4,44; IC95%: 1,76–11,17; p: 0,002) estiveram associados a maiores chances de desmame precoce. Conclusão: Hábitos e crenças, como o uso de mamadeira e chupetas, e a introdução de fórmulas infantis ainda dentro da maternidade com continuidade da suplementação após a alta hospitalar foram os fatores neonatais associados ao desmame precoce no contexto estudado.

Analysis of the epidemiological profile of congenital hip deformities, 2011-2021.

This study aimed to identify the relevance of hospitalizations for congenital hip deformities in Bahia. This is a retrospective epidemiological study in public databases. Descriptors in health sciences: "congenital hip dysplasia", "congenital hip dislocation", and "congenital dislocation hip". This is qualitative-quantitative research with the analysis of secondary data and cross-sectional typologies in the databases of the Ministry of Health - Health Information (TABNET), made available by the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). Bahia was the third Brazilian state with the highest number of hospitalizations, registering 1481 cases. The municipalities in Bahia with the highest prevalence were Itanhém, Salvador, and Barreiras, with 912, 445, and 20 cases, respectively. The elevated number of congenital hip deformities reflects a public health problem, requiring investments in public policies.

Dimensions of the COVID-19 pandemic: prevalence of common mental disorders in "invisible" health workers and their association with occupational stressors.

To evaluate the association between occupational stressors and common mental disorders (CMD) among "invisible" health workers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Cross-sectional study including a probabilistic sample of 1,014 health workers from three municipalities in Bahia. CMDs were assessed using the SRQ-20. The Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) scale and the Demand-Control Model assessed occupational stressors. Descriptive, bivariate, and multiple analysis to evaluate the association between the variables of interest. The global prevalence of CMD was 39.9%; it was higher among CHA/EDCA (47.2%), followed by management and surveillance staff (38.6%), technicians (35.4%), and support/maintenance/cleaning staff (29.9%). The association between occupational stressors and CMD varied among occupations: 1. Excessive work commitment (EWC), effort-reward imbalance (ERI), and psychological demand were associated with CMD among support/maintenance/cleaning workers; 2. EWC and ERI were associated with CMD among CHA/EDCA; 3. EWC, ERI, and low control over work were associated with CMD among technicians; 4. Among management and surveillance workers, only ERI remained associated with CMD. Occupational stressors played a relevant role in mental illness, with variation between occupational strata, demanding attention, monitoring, and control.

Spatial distribution of congenital syphilis in the state of Bahia, Brazil from 2009 to 2018.

To describe the temporal trend and spatial distribution of congenital syphilis (CS) cases in the state of Bahia, Brazil between 2009 and 2018. Mixed ecological study conducted through the analysis of data obtained from the Notifiable Diseases Information System and the Live Birth Information System. Global Moran Index I was performed in order to analyze spatial autocorrelation of CS cases in the municipalities of Bahia and the Local Spatial Association Indicator (LISA) was used to identify the formation of spatial regimes in the GeoDA software. 8,786 cases of CS were registered in the period. An increasing growth in CS incidence, with a 511% increase between 2009 and 2018. Spatial autocorrelation was observed between the municipalities (I Moran = 0.452; p < 0.001) and four clusters were identified. More frequently, mothers were aged 20-29 years (50.7%); had incomplete primary education (54.9%); were Black and multiracial (93.2%); received prenatal care (82.2%); 49.0% were diagnosed with syphilis during prenatal care; 68.8% were not adequately treated, and 81.1% of their partners were not treated. The results showed that CS consolidates as a serious public health problem in Bahia, with an incidence 8.4 times higher in the period than the WHO target of 0.5/1,000 live births, predominantly related to inadequate prenatal care and social vulnerability indicators: young mothers with low education levels, as well as individuals identified as Black and multiracial. Thus, programs aimed at women of childbearing age and pregnant women need to be intensified.

(De)construction of the meanings of work: experiences of suffering in hospital emergency wards

Objective: To investigate the experiences of suffering in the work of nurses in a hospital emergency service. Methods: Qualitative study with 15 nurses from a public hospital emergency unit in a municipality in Bahia, Brazil. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews, analyzed by the Collective Subject Discourse and anchored in the theoretical framework of Work Psychodynamics. Results: There is professional suffering in the work of nurses in the Hospital Emergency Unit and it is permeated by the (de)construction of the meanings of work, the way work is organized, professional recognition, psychological illness, and the coping strategies developed and available to them. Final considerations: The suffering that emerges from work relationships presents specificities of the organization and professional practice in nursing in the emergency sector, which makes up the context, causes and consequences of the phenomenon and impacts on the different dimensions of life.

Within Special Education, teacher training and profile, lines that connect and cross in the inclusive school environment

This article is written with emphasis on the history of Inclusive Education in Brazil, as well as highlights the national and international legal frameworks, from an inclusive perspective. As the general objective of analyzing the profile and training of the Inclusive Education teacher, in a municipality in Bahia, in view of the need and urgency of a full and egalitarian education, where rights are made possible and guaranteed to all students. In this, it is understood that not only People with Disabilities are part of those who benefit from inclusion, but all children, young people and adults who, for some reason, are distanced from their basic rights to education and social experience. It is a quali-quantitative research, through questionnaires and reality analysis. The inclusion of People with Disabilities is a politically correct proposal that represents important symbolic values. The results indicate that there is much to be done regarding inclusion, although this cause has advanced on the national scene, it is still not sufficient and effective in all places and schools. Finally, inclusion is born from an ideological principle in defense of equal rights and access for all citizens.

Inflammatory Markers and Risk Factors in Hypertensive Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: To observe risk factors that hypertensive patients present in the outpatient segment from the nursing perspective care. Method: Cross-sectional study where essential hypertensives of legal age belonging to the hypertension program of a municipality in Bahia were included. Those with cancer, hepatitis, HIV, lupus, arthritis, pregnant women, and chronic corticosteroid users were excluded. Collected patient demographic information and cardiovascular risk factors. Results: Included 61 patients with a mean age of 58±11, 56% women. A relationship was established between age/glucose; IL6/LDL; vitamin D/ferritin; waist circumference/BMI; BMI/CRP; smoking, age, blood pressure, LDL, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. The statistical analysis evaluated predictive variables for developing hypertension and high cardiovascular risk. In the cardiovascular risk stratification, 09 patients had low chance; one was intermediate, 37 high risk, and 02 very high risk.

Syndromic Surveillance Using Structured Telehealth Data: Case Study of the First Wave of COVID-19 in Brazil.

Telehealth has been widely used for new case detection and telemonitoring during the COVID-19 pandemic. It safely provides access to health care services and expands assistance to remote, rural areas and underserved communities in situations of shortage of specialized health professionals. Qualified data are systematically collected by health care workers containing information on suspected cases and can be used as a proxy of disease spread for surveillance purposes. However, the use of this approach for syndromic surveillance has yet to be explored. Besides, the mathematical modeling of epidemics is a well-established field that has been successfully used for tracking the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection, supporting the decision-making process on diverse aspects of public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The response of the current models depends on the quality of input data, particularly the transmission rate, initial conditions, and other parameters present in compartmental models. Telehealth systems may feed numerical models developed to model virus spread in a specific region. Herein, we evaluated whether a high-quality data set obtained from a state-based telehealth service could be used to forecast the geographical spread of new cases of COVID-19 and to feed computational models of disease spread. We analyzed structured data obtained from a statewide toll-free telehealth service during 4 months following the first notification of COVID-19 in the Bahia state, Brazil. Structured data were collected during teletriage by a health team of medical students supervised by physicians. Data were registered in a responsive web application for planning and surveillance purposes. The data set was designed to quickly identify users, city, residence neighborhood, date, sex, age, and COVID-19-like symptoms. We performed a temporal-spatial comparison of calls reporting COVID-19-like symptoms and notification of COVID-19 cases. The number of calls was used as a proxy of exposed individuals to feed a mathematical model called "susceptible, exposed, infected, recovered, deceased." For 181 (43%) out of 417 municipalities of Bahia, the first call to the telehealth service reporting COVID-19-like symptoms preceded the first notification of the disease. The calls preceded, on average, 30 days of the notification of COVID-19 in the municipalities of the state of Bahia, Brazil. Additionally, data obtained by the telehealth service were used to effectively reproduce the spread of COVID-19 in Salvador, the capital of the state, using the "susceptible, exposed, infected, recovered, deceased" model to simulate the spatiotemporal spread of the disease. Data from telehealth services confer high effectiveness in anticipating new waves of COVID-19 and may help understand the epidemic dynamics.

Factors associated with occupational accidents involving exposure to biological material in primary care and medium complexity among workers in five municipalities in Bahia, Brazil

Resumo Introdução no trabalho em saúde podem ocorrer os acidentes de trabalho com exposição a material biológico, potencial fonte de infecção para doenças graves. Objetivo estimar os fatores associados aos acidentes com exposição a material biológico entre trabalhadores da saúde da atenção básica e da média complexidade. Método estudo transversal, exploratório, realizado com trabalhadores da atenção básica e da média complexidade em cinco municípios baianos. O processamento dos dados incluiu análises descritivas, uni e multivariadas. Resultados a incidência dos acidentes de trabalho com exposição a material biológico foi de 3,4%, atingindo a faixa etária entre 19 a 33 anos (RR: 2,06; IC 95%: 1,2 - 3,4), revelando ausência de prática regular de atividade de lazer (RR: 1,8; IC 95%:1,1-2,8), atuação na média complexidade (RR: 1,8; IC 95%: 1,2-2,8), exposição a agentes biológicos (RR: 3,7; IC 95%: 2,4 - 5,9) e trabalho de alta exigência (RR: 1,9; IC 95%: 1,1 - 3,3). Conclusão verifica-se ser necessária a priorização dos trabalhadores da saúde em ações de vigilância em ambientes de trabalho e programas voltados à prevenção dos acidentes como compromisso da área de saúde do trabalhador no Sistema Único de Saúde.

Maximum expiratory pressure is a good predictor of the incidence of the frailty syndrome in elderly men

This article aims to investigate the association between maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) with the incidence of frailty syndrome (FS), in addition to testing the predictive ability of MIP and MEP to discriminate FS in elderly adults, according to sex. It is a longitudinal study with a five-year follow-up period (2014-2019), carried out with 104 elderly adults registered in the Family Health Strategy of a municipality in Bahia. The incidence of frailty syndrome was diagnosed according to criteria proposed by Fried et al., using data from 2019, after a five-year follow-up. The MIP and MEP were evaluated according to the recommendations of the Brazilian Society of Pulmonology and Phthisiology data in 2014 (baseline data). The total incidence of frailty syndrome was 16.3% (95%CI: 9.2-23.6), with 13.6% (95%CI: 4.56-22.55) in women and 20% (95%CI: 7.85-32.15) in men. The mean values of MIP and MEP were, respectively, 60,8±21,2 cmH2O and 76,7±23,1 cmH2O in women, and 79,5±27,0 cmH2O and 114,7±29,8 cmH2O in men. The frailty syndrome was associated with MEP in elderly adult men (adjusted RR: 0.96; 95%CI: 0.95-0.98; P-value: 0.002), indicating that the increase of 1cmH2O in MEP reduces by 4% the risk of developing the syndrome.

Identification and molecular characterization of Wolbachia strains and natural infection for Leishmania sp. in neotropical Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) species, leishmaniasis vectors

Recently, Wolbachia infection has been described in leishmaniasis vector sandflies. This endosymbiont bacterium is present in 60% of insects, and has been suggested as a mechanism of biological control of vector insects, because it causes a series of changes in the invertebrate host. In addition, recent studies have shown that this bacterium can prevent the development of parasites in vector insects. In this context, the present study aims to molecularly characterize the circulating strain of this bacterium in sandflies in the State of Bahia, Brazil, as well as the natural infection rate of Leishmania sp., and to evaluate the coinfection between Wolbachia and Leishmania. Seven hundred and forty-five (745) specimens of sandflies were collected in nine municipalities of Bahia, belonging to two species, Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz and Neiva, 1912) and Nyssomyia whitmani (Antunes and Coutinho, 1939). The results confirm infection by the protozoan Leishmania infantum and Wolbachia in both species collected. The identified strain of Wolbachia in sandflies was wStv MI, known to lead to a phenotype of cytoplasmic incompatibility in vector insects.

Stressful work in primary health care and mental health: The role of gender inequities in Brazil.

This study aims to analyze the association between occupational stressors, evaluated by the Effort-Reward Imbalance Model (ERI), and the occurrence of common mental disorders (CMD) among healthcare workers (HCW), additionally considering mediation by over-commitment from work (OW) and mediation of gender effects by work stressors. Cross-sectional study, including a random sample of 3343 HCWs, from six municipalities of Bahia, Brazil. The ERI scale measured the occupational stressors (main exposure), and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used to screen for CMD. Data analysis used Structural Equation Modeling techniques to understand the relationships between gender, occupational stressors, and the occurrence of CMD. ERI and OW were associated with CMD. OW mediated the negative effect of ERI on the mental health of HCW. Female workers had higher levels of ERI, OW, and CMD prevalence; the total gender effect on CMD prevalence was mediated by ERI and OW. The findings highlight the association of work psychosocial stressors and CMD among HCW, including partial mediation by OW. Gender inequalities persisted among HCW, with women most exposed to occupational stressors and CMD. ERI and OW partially mediated the effect of gender on CMD.

Interaction between Work and Metabolic Syndrome: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a clinical condition and a relevant risk factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases; it occurs as a result of lifestyle factors, e.g., work. The aim of this research was to estimate the interaction between work and MS among primary health care (PHC) nursing professionals in the state of Bahia, Brazil. A sectional multicentered study carried out in 43 municipalities in Bahia, whose study population consisted of nursing professionals. The exposure variables were occupation, professional exhaustion, and working time, and the outcome variable was MS. Interaction measures based on the additivity criteria were verified by calculating the excess risks due to the interactions and according to the proportion of cases attributed to the interactions and the synergy index. The global MS prevalence is 24.4%. There was a greater magnitude in the exposure group regarding the three investigated factors (average level occupation, professional exhaustion, and working time in PHC for more than 5 years), reaching an occurrence of 44.9% when compared to the prevalence of 13.1% in the non-exposure group (academic education, without professional burnout, and working time in PHC for up to 5 years). The study’s findings showed a synergistic interaction of work aspects for MS occurrence among PHC nursing professionals.

Distribution of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Human T-Leukemia Virus Co-infection in Bahia, Brazil.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Human T-Leukemia Virus (HTLV) are retroviruses that share similar routes of transmission. In Brazil, the prevalence of HIV and HTLV varies according to geographic region. The state of Bahia, located in the Northeast region, is considered endemic for both retroviruses. The present study aimed to characterize the frequency of HIV/HTLV coinfection and evaluate the geographic distribution of coinfection throughout the state. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the state's Central Laboratory of Public Health (LACEN-BA) and included all samples from 2004 to 2013 submitted to serological testing for anti-HIV and anti-HTLV-1/2, screened by chemiluminescence/ELISA and confirmed by Western blot. Infection rates are expressed as the number of infected individuals per 100,000 inhabitants from each municipality. A total of 129,158 samples originating from 358/417 (85.8%) municipalities in Bahia were evaluated. HTLV was detected in 2.4% of the HIV-positive samples (n = 42) compared to 0.5% of those with negative HIV serology (n = 677) (OR: 4.65; CI: 3.39–6.37). HIV/HTLV coinfection was more frequent in women (69.0%); the median age of coinfected individuals was 47.2 years [interquartile range (IQR): 41.6–55.4 years]. In the 14/417 (3.4%) municipalities where at least one case of HIV/HTLV coinfection was detected, the overall HTLV coinfection rate in HIV-positive samples was 0.25 (range: 0.17–13.84) per 100,000 inhabitants. Most cases of HIV/HTLV-1 coinfection (21/37, 57%) were concentrated in the municipality of Salvador. Isolated instances (one or two cases) of HIV/HTLV-1 coinfection were distributed across municipalities known to be endemic for HTLV infection.