Municipal Entities Research Articles

Income Index: Сalculation and Analysis for Municipal Entities of Bashkortostan

Income Index: Сalculation and Analysis for Municipal Entities of Bashkortostan

Analysis of methods of formation of the budget of municipal entities

Analysis of methods of formation of the budget of municipal entities

Development of inter-municipal cooperation as a factor in the intensification of investment processes in a region (on the example of the Vologda region)

Currently, the heterogeneity of economic space, relatively low development rates and negative trends in the socio-economic development of individual territories, and limited resource opportunities (including investment opportunities) are among the significant problems of municipalities. One of the mechanisms for solving them at the level of local government bodies is the institution of inter-municipal cooperation. The aim of the paper is to analyze the possibilities of territorial and sectoral inter-municipal cooperation aimed at overcoming the negative imbalances of the region's investment development (based on a case study of the Vologda region). The methods of cluster analysis and time series analysis were used, as well as tabular and graphic methods for the visual representation of the study results, the application packages MS Excel and STATISTICA. The paper examines the main trends in the development of inter-municipal cooperation processes in the Russian economy, identifies the specifics of the interaction of municipal entities in the Vologda region, and presents a territorial and sectoral approach to the development of different forms of cooperation based on the example of the Vologda region. The obtained results can be used by regional and local authorities in the development of investment policy, the formation of a system of organizational and economic mechanisms for the intensification of investment processes in the region. The study materials presented in the paper may be interesting for scientific discussion, for use in scientific and educational activities.

THE ROLE OF MUNICIPALITIES IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PHOTOVOLTAIC SECTOR

This paper presents a study about the effectiveness of public policies in the photovoltaic solar energy sector and about the extra-taxation as a mechanism to encourage sustainability. The general objective of the research is based on tax exemptions and public policies to promote sustainability, aiming at the actions of municipal entities and the integration of solar photovoltaic generating systems into the existing architecture of cities and the encouragement of new buildings with sustainable design. The present work used the dialectical method, with bibliographic research, characterizing a qualitative and descriptive research. It was observed that sectoral industry is adapting to the cities reality and public policies are giving good results, promoting innovation and sustainability in energy production. It was concluded that the actions of public policies and extrafiscality by the federal entities are helping to increase the use of photovoltaic solar energy in Brazil.

Financial Law in the Interdisciplinary Institution of Personal Dignity

By referring the dignity of the individual to meta-legal categories, considering it as a principle of law that forms an integrated inter-sectoral institution aimed at ensuring the implementation and protection of human rights, the author analyzes the role and place of financial law in the personal dignity concept. Taking into account the peculiarity of the subject matter and methodological basis of the financial and legal industry, the author concludes that the studied branch of law should be considered as a securing legal instrument of generating and implementing personal dignity, its dynamic essence through a unique legal mechanism of redistribution of material resources in the state. Acknowledging the positive binding as the basic legal means of such an instrument, the author analyzes the subjective rights of the individual in financial relations, in particular their property component, in two aspects of financial activity of the state and public legal entities: in the formation and distribution and use of public funds. In order to ensure the realization of the individual-centered spirit of financial law, the author concludes that it is necessary to carry out the doctrinal analysis and legal consolidation of the financial and legal status of the individual, to develop a system of so-called monetary rights of the individual in the process of formation, distribution and use of funds of the state and municipal entities.

Funções Públicas de Interesse Comum e Governança na Região Metropolitana do Cariri

Este artigo aborda o processo de institucionalização da governança metropolitana face às transformações decorrentes do Estatuto da Metrópole (Lei n. 13.089/2015) e seus reflexos nas dinâmicas de desenvolvimento regional. O objetivo é analisar o percurso de construção dos arranjos institucionais de governança interfederativa e os mecanismos de definição e execução das funções públicas de interesse comum na Região Metropolitana do Cariri (RM Cariri). Trata-se de um estudo exploratório descritivo, de caráter qualitativo. O referencial teórico se ancora no debate sobre metropolização, governança e funções públicas de interesse comum. O trabalho de campo inclui a caracterização dos problemas comuns da RM Cariri, a observação sistemática da estruturação das instâncias de governança e do Plano de Desenvolvimento Urbano Integrado (PDUI), bem como a análise de leis e documentos produzidos pelo Governo do Ceará. Os resultados evidenciam um processo de institucionalização recente, assinalado por avanços normativos e por fragilidades relacionadas a aspectos políticos e de gestão. O fato de ser recém-criada facilita a adequação da RM Cariri às diretrizes do Estatuto da Metrópole e abre caminhos para a estruturação de arranjos inovadores de gestão e governança metropolitana. Por outro lado, as alterações regulatórias no âmbito federal, somadas à mudança de orientação de políticas públicas na esfera estadual e ao baixo nível de engajamento dos entes municipais provocaram um arrefecimento do debate metropolitano ao longo dos últimos dois anos, ampliando as dificuldades à consolidação da RM Cariri como efetivo instrumento de desenvolvimento territorial.

Las entidades del gobierno municipal en la actividad educativa de la Secundaria Básica: bases para un proyecto

Beyond considering the educational process as a professional activity of a systematized and grounded nature carried out by the school, the fundamental characteristic of Cuban Pedagogy in relation to this subject is found in the interrelation between the main actors who participate in it, especially those whose influences can become an opportunity to expand and enrich the possibilities of carrying out educational projects and strategies. This paper presents the reflections and proposals that emerge as responses to the claims of the municipal government and the Directorate of Education in the municipality of Cienfuegos, by calling on entities and socio-productive companies and services in the territory to collaborate with the education of adolescents and contribute with this, to confirm the commitment to make education the battle trench for the continuity of the principles of education as a social responsibility. The work includes the methodological procedure with a strategic approach that was prepared by the municipal Communal entity of Cienfuegos, based on a study of the potential that they have to promote and stimulate the comprehensive education of adolescents who are trained in the Basic Secondary School.

Management and Development of Regional Clusters in the Russian Economy

The present paper draws attention to the urgency of the problem related to the formation of tourism clusters. Then the current state and the specific features of the object of study are described. Then we expand upon the scientific basis of the proposed research methodology. Finally we offer guidelines on the implementation of the expected results. The development of initiative in the implementation of cluster projects in the territories of the administrative-territorial and municipal entities of the Russian Federation has been intended to promote the concentration of existing and attracted resources that will improve the efficiency provided for socio-economic measures.

Digitalization of Local Government in a Big City: Tools, Barriers and Strategies

The purpose of this article is to identify barriers to the implementation of digitalization of local (municipal) government in a large city through an analysis of digitalization tools and strategies. In order to answer this question, an analysis of the e-government and digitialization of municipal governance frameworks in particular was conducted. The theory of diffusion of innovation and the concept of e-government (e-governance and local e-governance) formed the theoretical basis of the study. The empirical base of the research was formed by foreign and Russian platforms used in municipal governance: «Fix My Street», «Creative Citizens», «coUrbanize», «Urban Interactive Studio», «CityPlanner», «Commonplace», «Sticky World», «Crowdgauge», «Твой бюджет», «Наш Санкт-Петербург». Qualitative analysis of digital and text data was used as a method. The experience of implementation of digitization tools at local level of power in different countries was also analyzed. The conclusions made in this work are applicable to large cities and are mainly focused on the Russian Federation. The application of e-governance principles has three components: information transfer in the digital space, transactions and communication in it. If implemented correctly and gradually in a municipal administration, digitalization can increase citizen involvement and trust in government. Nevertheless, the characteristics of municipal government should not be underestimated before digital technologies are used. In many large cities, an established system of local government should be implemented before digitalization. When developing a strategy for implementation of digital technologies, it is important to understand the model of habitual behavior of residents of a given municipal entity, because a universal approach does not always yield positive results. The main barriers to digitalization include: the need for continuous improvement of security systems and methods of storage and processing of citizens’ data using cloud technologies, including the development of appropriate strategies and government programs, the need to adapt the various tools of digitalization to the requirements and capabilities of the local community, the difficulty in assessing citizens’ demand for certain electronic resources, the need for related training activities for both citizens and municipal employees themselves; the need to engage independent experts from different fields to ensure the relevance and effectiveness of municipalities’ electronic portals and platforms.

Potential for Leasing Institutional Lands in Windham County, Connecticut: Toward A New England Food Vision

The social and environmental impacts of the modern industrial food system are ample reason to explore alternative scenarios. A New England Food Vision calls for building a resilient food system at the regional scale, with the goal of providing 50% of New England’s food from within the region by the year 2060. Land access is a substantial challenge for aspiring farmers, particularly those from socially marginalized groups. Leasing farmland is less expensive than purchasing it outright, although not without its challenges. Institutionally owned land—properties owned by government entities, nonprofit organizations, educational organizations, religious organizations, or healthcare organiza­tions—may be especially suitable for leasing to aspiring farmers due to their secure tenure and reduced development pressure. This site suitability analysis identifies institutionally owned lands in Windham County, Connecticut, excludes areas containing ecological or practical constraints, and assesses the new farmland acreage and food pro­duction that might be generated if these lands were converted to agricultural cultivation. Leasing the resulting lands to farmers would increase the agri­cultural acreage within the county by almost 19%. The majority of the land identified was owned either by state or municipal government entities, so farmer advocate organizations seeking to promote leasing arrangements should tailor their resources to this type of land ownership and audience.

Fierce Advocates for Building All-Hazards Resurgence and Resilience: NYC Health + Hospitals' COVID-19 Experiences Applied.

Fierce Advocates for Building All-Hazards Resurgence and Resilience: NYC Health + Hospitals' COVID-19 Experiences Applied.

Demographic effects of the region's investment strategy implementation

Subject. This article discusses the differentiation in the development of the investment process by industry and region, and the demographic effects resulting from transformations in the regional economy and social sphere. Objectives. The article aims to assess the demographic effects arising out of investment projects implementation in municipal entities and some individual settlements. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of logical, comparative, and statistical analyses, and classification. Conclusions. The investment strategy implemented does pay dividends in terms of a significant improvement in the demographic situation and the trend of outflow of people from the region. The development of regional labor mobility occurs mainly in the form of temporary movements without a change of residence. Radical changes in intra-regional spatial policy are needed. Strategic development plans for the region need to be improved.

산업단지개발사업의 개발이익 적정성분석에 관한 연구

The development charge system, which seeks to redeem the unearned development gains from the property development, has been settled through such changes, due mainly to political and economic reasons, as temporary exemptions, deferment, reduction, adjustment of the charge rate, et cetera. Currently, development charges are imposed at a certain rate on the development gains that are incurred from development projects on both planned and individual locations. The industrial complex as a planned location has constructed mainly in a large-scaled complex for heavy chemical industries as the nation’s economy grows. However, there have been some problems as the accumulation of unsold sites and deterioration continues. Also, the industrial paradigm was changed to fostering new businesses, activation of localization, and construction of innovative bases. As a result, there are more demands for smaller-sized state-of-the-art industrial complex near city areas which easily enables to establish new businesses and recruit necessary personnel. Considering the unique characteristics of industrial complex development projects, the government separately regulates planned and systematic development, stabilization of property prices and guidelines to decide a sale price. In particular, an institutionalized limit should be applied in profit margin at an appropriate level when developers decide a sale price. As a consequence, there exist differences in time and profit level between the appropriate profits, which come out when developers decide sale price, and development gains, which are finalized after the approval date of construction to calculate development charges. Thus, a study on this matter seems necessary. The development charges have a nature of tax basically and are imposed on unrealized profits which come from a rise of property price after development. Therefore, specification in the calculation of development gains and the objective standard must be clearly defined for both imposers and payers. Meanwhile, by the ordinance of the central government or municipal entities, the sale price of industrial complex units should be determined, applying an appropriate profit margin rate on construction cost after deduction of capital costs. In other words, appropriate profits from the sale are realized profits after considering actual sale price and construction costs. The conclusion of this study is to find a way to partially redeem the development profits from industrial complex development projects based on the actually realized profits, which come out after the application of an appropriate profit margin rate.

The process of preventing the negative effects of water as part of the public administration of the region's water resources

Subject. The article discusses how the prevention of the negative impact of water can be improved as part of the public administration of water resources. We also focus on the methodological framework for preventing the adverse effect of water. Objectives. The study is to outline methodological guidance for prioritizing flood water/underwater zones so as to enhance actions governmental authorities undertake to prevent the adverse impact of water given the limited and untimely finance of such activities. Methods. The study is based on methods of systems and comparative analysis. Results. We devised the technique for quantifying the priority of flood zone projects, including three metrics, such as socio-economic, technical, hydrologic. The article sets forth methodological recommendations for calculating indicators used to prioritize the flood water/underwater zone projects when they are written in governmental programs of the region. Conclusions and Relevance. If the above methodological recommendations are put in practice, preventive measures will be more effective, budgetary spending will be optimized. This will reduce losses from effects of flood water in every municipal entity.

Methodological approaches to the development of inter-municipal strategies in the context of core-periphery relations

Subject. This article deals with the issues of development of inter-municipal strategies. Objectives. The article aims to identify methodological approaches to the development of inter-municipal strategies. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of analysis, synthesis, and generalization, as well as systems, geoeconomic, and incremental approaches. The core-periphery theory forms the methodological basis of the study. Results. The article substantiates the use of systems, geoeconomic, and incremental approaches to the development of inter-municipal strategies. The combination of these approaches will take into account the internal and external factors of a municipal units group. Conclusions. The geoeconomic approach helps consider municipal entities in the context of economic ties. The systems approach opens up opportunities for analysis of a selected group of municipalities. The incremental approach helps take into account the dynamic nature of the core-periphery relationships.

A Pedestrian Route to Soeiro

The project aimed to requalify the space between the S. António river and the Arruda road, creating access to the Soeiro Pereira Gomes school, protecting it from motor vehicles. A pedestrian route was outlined and creative solutions of urban furniture (bench, garbage can, lighting and drinking fountain) to be placed along the route were developed. The municipal entities were involved, however only the President of the Union of Parishes was available for the implementation of the project.

The need for financial and administrative self-sufficiency of urban municipal entities

Subject. The article discusses the system of local government in urban districts of the Russian Federation, its distinctions and development impediments. Objectives. The study determines whether it is reasonable to create internal municipal entities in cities of urban districts from perspectives of their fiscal and administrative self-sufficiency. Methods. I used general methods of research, such as comparison, analysis, synthesis, analogy and systems approach. Results. I analyzed financial and organizational conditions for urban districts and internal city districts in the Russian Federation before and after local government reforms. Nowadays, internal districts in cities are found to have ceased their financial and administrative independence, whether they have their own budget or not. Their operations do not improve the overall local government system. Therefore, I suggest setting the mechanism for the bottom-to-top authority assignment, rather than the top-to-bottom one. Thus, internal municipal entities will be allowed to determine powers, allocate funds, delegate them to urban district authorities. Local authorities will show better performance, since people will be directly involved in local decision-making processes and support their initiatives before municipal authorities. Conclusions and Relevance. The analysis and recommendations will help municipal entities of the Russian Federation make decisions concerning their intentions to become an urban district with internal districts within a city. The findings are useful to outline development lines for local government in Russia.

La factura deportiva. Diseño e implantación de un modelo de cálculo de costes para los servicios deportivos municipales

The Municipal entities, including its sports services, are engaged in a necessary process of modernization. The objective of this work is to design a costing model specific for the municipal sports services, to facilitate this process. For this purpose, we opted for an interventionist approach, designing and implanting the model in two case studies, working with both entities. The proposed model has been implemented correctly and has adapted to entities characteristics and needs. The managers of sports services highlight the usefulness of model results, immediately and in medium and long term planning.

Management of the Innovation Stage of the Production Cycle in Electronics

The problems and possibilities of the coordination of the activities of the participants of the production cycle in the electronics industry are considered by the example of the innovation and industrial cluster Fryazino based on the applicable laws and the initiative organizational and managerial model developed at the municipal level. The developed model has proven its efficiency and can be used in other municipal entities with the status of science cities.

Особенности современного социально-экономического развития и управления моногородами РФ

The article explores the criterion approaches that make it possible to identify municipalities as single towns and compares the categories of single-sector municipalities (single towns) depending on the magnitude of the risks of their socio-economic situation, employment and unemployment in the labour markets of single towns. The work used foreign and Russian studies on problems of state regulation of single towns, analyzed the experience of developed countries. Methodological tools of research: methods of analysis of statistical sources, logical justification, forecasting. According to the study, the largest concentration of single towns over a three-year period corresponds to two groups: monoprophilic municipal entities of the Russian Federation (monocities), with observed risks of deterioration of socio-economic situation and monoprophilic municipal entities of the Russian Federation (monocities) with crisis socioeconomic situation. The article presents conceptual approaches to regulation of social and economic development of single towns of the Russian Federation, which allowed to highlight three main approaches to development of single towns in the Russian Federation (inertial, scenario of rehabilitation of the cityforming enterprise and scenario of its closure). As a result of the presented forecast information — all categories of single towns show a decreasing trend in the number of employed population. However, most of all, this trend affected the category of cities with stable socio-economic situation, which indicates not only the deterioration of the situation in these territorial entities, but also the general negative trend of development at the level of the national economy. Practical results of the study can be used in developing assumptions to regional authorities to reduce unsustainable employment in single towns