Municipal Employees Research Articles

CREATION OF A COMPETENCE ASSESSMENT COMPLEX FOR STATE CIVIL AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES: THE EXPERIENCE IN DEVELOPING DIAGNOSTIC SCALES

The review of various modern approaches to the assessment of professional and personal qualities of employees of organisations is carried out, the features of the assessment of these qualities in state civil and municipal employees are shown. The necessity of measuring competencies with the use of test tasks in the format of mini-cases is substantiated. The process of developing tasks for six diagnostic scales using expert opinion is described, various aspects of validity are investigated: validity of constructs, criteria and content. The process of completing tasks is shown, prospects for improving the diagnostic procedure based on adaptive testing algorithms are outlined.

The effect of reputation management on internal customer satisfaction: a research on municipal employees

Olumlu ve güçlü bir itibar kuruma; pazar hakimiyeti sağlamak, güvenilir olmak, kamuoyu üzerinde hakimiyet kurmak, finansal düzeyde iyi bir kazanç elde etmek gibi birçok faydayı beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu faydalara sahip olabilmek güçlü bir itibar oluşturmak kadar, itibarı korumak, itibar zedelendiğinde onarmak ve itibarı sürdürülebilir kılmaktan geçmektedir. İtibara yönelik bu oluşum ve devamlılık ise yalnızca dış çevreye yönelik uygulamalar ile değil, iç çevrenin değerli bir unsuru olan, kurumun birer ortağı, marka elçisi, iç girişimcisi, en önemli öz varlığı ve beşeri sermayesi konumundaki çalışan üzerindeki tutumu ile güçlü bir hale gelmektedir. Bireyler çalışacakları kurumu seçerken öncelikle alacakları ücreti dikkate alıyor gibi görünseler de yine de iyi bir itibara sahip kurumlarda çalışmak istemektedirler. Birbirlerini etkileyen iki unsur göz önünde bulundurularak, bu çalışmada kamuda itibar yönetiminin çalışan memnuniyetini nasıl etkilediğini tespit etmek amaçlanmıştır. Bu araştırma için “Dilovası Belediyesi” çalışanları tercih edilmiş ve veri toplama için yüz yüze anket yöntemi uygulanmıştır. 5’li likert ölçeği ile düzenlenen ankette İtibar Yönetimi ölçeğinin Çalışan Memnuniyeti ölçeğine olan etkisini sınamak için regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Analizde İtibar Yönetimi ölçek faktörleri bağımsız değişkeninin Çalışan Memnuniyeti ölçeğine ait faktörden oluşan bağımlı değişkenler üzerinde etkisi olup olmadığı test edilmiş ve elde edilen sonuca göre kurulan 6 hipotezde yer alan bağımsız değişkenler üzerinde etkisi olduğu görülmüştür. 213 geçerli anket verilerine göre kamuda itibar yönetiminin çalışan memnuniyeti üzerinde etkisi olduğu sonucuna varılırken; kamuda itibar yönetimi değişkenlerinden en çok “çalışma ortamı”; buna karşın en az ise “duygusal çekicilik” boyutunun çalışan memnuniyeti üzerinde etkisinin olduğu görülmüştür.

Long-term sickness absence trajectories among ageing municipal employees – the contribution of social and health-related factors

BackgroundThe ageing work force is heterogeneous, following distinct development in work ability. This study aims to identify trajectories of long-term sickness absence (SA) in later careers and to examine potentially modifiable factors associated with the development of SA.MethodsData comprised of municipal employees of the city of Helsinki aged 50–60 years during 2004–2018 (N = 4729, 80% women). The developmental trajectories of long-term (> 10 working days) SA were examined with Group-based trajectory modelling (GBTM) using SA records of the Social Insurance Institution of Finland during 2004–2018. All-cause and diagnosis-specific (mental disorder– and musculoskeletal disease–related) SA days were analysed. The association of social and health-related factors with trajectory membership was examined using multinomial logistic regression (odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals).ResultsA model with three trajectories was selected for both all-cause and diagnosis-specific SA. Regarding all-cause long-term SA trajectories, 42% had no long-term SA, 46% had low levels of SA, and 12% had a high rate of SA during follow-up. Lower occupational class, reporting smoking, overweight or obesity, moderate or low leisure-time physical activity, and sleep problems were associated with a higher likelihood of belonging to the trajectory with a high rate of SA in both all-cause and diagnosis-specific models.ConclusionsMost ageing employees have no or little long-term SA. Modifiable factors associated with trajectories with more SA could be targeted when designing and timing interventions in occupational healthcare.

The Burden of Diseases From Exposure to Environmental Cigarette Smoke: A Case Study of Municipal Staff in Qazvin, Iran

This study aimed to estimate the burden of diseases (BoD) from environmental cigarette smoke (ECS) exposure. More precisely, the study examined the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) related to cigarette smoking in municipal staff based on a prospective cohort study. This cross-sectional study was designed among municipal employees, aged 25-55 years in Qazvin, Iran during 2019-2020. The data on cigarette smoking and environmental exposure were obtained using a standard questionnaire. Finally, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein were measured to assess the relation between active cigarette smoking and the prevalence of NCDs, including hypertension and diabetes in workers. The prevalence of cigarette smoking was 16.2%. In addition, 15% of staff were exposed to ECS. The prevalence of anemia and high TG levels in current cigarette smokers was 2.71 (P=0.024) and 1.4 times higher than among non-smokers (P=0.027). The total number of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) caused by lung cancer, asthma, and ischemic heart disease (IHD) attributable to ECS was 0.65 per 1000 adults annually. Further, the number of 0.058 death was estimated per 1000 adults annually at the workplace. Most deaths were caused by IHD (79%), followed by lung cancer (12%) and asthma (9%). It was revealed that the number of DALYs and deaths attributable to secondhand smoke (SHS) was 0.34 and 0.3 vs. 0.028 and 0.029 per 1000 adults in men and women, respectively. The results demonstrated that exposure to ECS is an important factor in increasing the risk of the prevalence of NCDs and can increase the BoD attributable to cigarette smoking.

The Impact of Electronic Human Resource Management on Organizational Performance in Jordan

The study aimed to find out the impact of electronic human resource management practices on organization's performance in Greater Amman Municipality. The study sample was selected from the Greater Amman Municipality employees. The study used analytical descriptive methodology
 A simple random sampling was used. The study sample consisted of 243 Employees. A self-administrated questionnaire was designed according to research objectives and hypotheses. The questionnaire was validated before distribution to collect data. The collected data was analyzed through using AMOS. The study concluded that electronic human resources management practices on organization’s performance. The study concluded that e-HRM has a significant effect on competitive advantages and in the same time, E-HRM also has a significant effect on organizational performance. The study also concluded that Competitive advantage has an effect on e-HRM and it mediates the relation between E-HRM and the organizational performance. The study recommends the Greater Amman top management must understand the mechanism behind that how they can manage their human resources to achieve organization performance for better productivity of organization and Greater Amman municipality is advised to use e-HRM available tools in employing new workers, whom in they turn can achieve the tasks entrusted to them in good manner which in its turn will be reflected positively in completive advantages an organization performance.

1383-P: Prevalence of Municipal Policies to Help Reduce Type 2 Diabetes Risk by Providing Environments That Facilitate Healthy Eating and Breastfeeding

Introduction: Communities with high diabetes burden may benefit from local policies that facilitate healthy eating and breastfeeding. Methods: Data from the 2021 National Survey of Community-Based Policy and Environmental Supports for Healthy Eating and Active Living (CBS HEAL; n=1,927 municipalities) were linked to 2019 county level small area estimates of adult diabetes prevalence (the most recent available) from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We estimated the percentage of US municipalities reporting policies to support healthier food access in supermarkets, convenience stores, and farmers markets and policies to support breastfeeding for municipal employees. Chi-Square tests were used to determine if the presence of policies differed by community diabetes burden. Results: Among municipalities with the highest diabetes burden (≥10.1%), 33.8% had a policy for supermarkets, 9.3% had a policy for convenience stores, and 62.9% had a policy for farmers markets and the percent of municipalities reporting these policies did not differ significantly by diabetes burden. The percentage of municipalities that provided breastfeeding employees time and space to pump breast milk differed by diabetes burden (p=0.006) and ranged from 47.7% among those with the highest diabetes burden to 69.3% among municipalities with the lowest burden (≤6.5%). Among municipalities with the highest diabetes burden, 38.2% provided any paid maternity leave, and 19.9% provided ≥8 weeks of maternity leave. Frequency of maternity leave policies did not differ significantly by diabetes burden. Conclusion: Among US municipalities healthy food retail policies did not differ by diabetes burden. Less than half of municipalities with the greatest burden reported policies to support breastfeeding for municipal employees. Opportunities exist to improve support for healthy eating and breastfeeding among communities with high burden of diabetes. Disclosure S.J.Onufrak: None. D.Galuska: None. S.L.Pierce: None. C.A.Macgowan: None. L.Moore: None.

MODELIO „NUO ŪKIO IKI MOKYKLOS“ KŪRIMO PRIELAIDOS KLAIPĖDOS REGIONE: ŪKININKŲ ĮTRAUKIMO PERSPEKTYVA

The article analyses the prospects for small and medium-size farms relating to the development of the ‘From Farm to School’ model in the Klaipėda region. The research aimed to reveal the possibilities for involving farmers in the Klaipėda region in cooperation with educational institutions in order to provide them with farm products/services. Questions relevant to the study were discussed during a focused group discussion with representatives of small and medium-size farms in the Klaipėda region: Are farmers interested in providing services and products to educational institutions? How do they evaluate the public procurement system? What are the possible cooperation opportunities and obstacles? etc. The results show that the needs and expectations for cooperation between Klaipėda region farmers, municipal employees and educational institutions as buyers of services basically coincide. The participants in the research agreed that the food from local growers is good, and they would like children to be fed quality food from local farms in schools. However, the results of the study assumed the insufficient literacy of small and medium-size farmers in order to effectively develop cooperation with educational institutions. Therefore, the article aims to raise awareness of representatives of small and medium-size farms and all interested groups about the ‘From Farm to School’ model, which could have an impact on the better involvement of farmers, and strengthen the connection between local farming communities and educational institutions. Better awareness could help to develop targeted actions of interested parties in order to shorten food supply chains, improve the quality of food in school meals, and promote the supply of products from small and medium-size farms to educational institutions in the Klaipėda region. The research also aims to contribute to the goals of the national Sustainable Development Strategy, by developing knowledge on how it is possible to preserve or restore natural ecosystems with the help of the activities and services of small and medium-size farms.

Work-family conflicts and long-term medically certified sickness absence due to mental disorders – a follow-up study of female municipal employees

Background. Decreased work ability due to mental disorders is a growing concern in Europe. We studied the role of work-family conflicts in association with long-term sickness absence due to mental disorders (LTSA-MD).Methods. Baseline data were extracted from the Helsinki Health Study for women aged 40 to 55 in full-time work in 2001 − 2002 (N = 2386). Questionnaire responses were linked with register data from the Social Insurance Institution of Finland on SA spells due to mental disorders during 2004–2010. We studied an overall question on satisfaction with combining work and family (WFS) and composite scores of work-to-family conflicts (WTFC) and family-to-work-conflicts (FTWC), and their components in association with the first certified SA spell (≥ 12 calendar days) due to a mental disorder during the follow-up. We performed Cox regression analyses with hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for sociodemographic factors, work schedule, perceived mental and physical strenuousness at work, and self-rated health. First, we examined all participants, and second, only those who reported no prior mental disorder.Results. Poor work-family satisfaction (WFS) was associated with subsequent LTSA-MD, adjusting for all covariates (HR 1.60; 95% CI 1.10–2.16). Both high WTFC (1.64; 1.15–2.23), and high FTWC (1.43; 1.02–2.00) increased the probability of LTSA-MD in the full model. When participants with prior mental disorder were excluded, the association between poor WFS and WTFC with LTSA-MD retained while that between FTWC and LTSA-MD attenuated; however, two items of the FTWC were still associated with LTSA-MD: ‘Family worries and problems distract you from your work’ and ‘Family matters prevent you from sleeping enough to do your job well’. Of the WTFC items, the following remained associated with LTSA-MD: ‘Problems at work make you irritable at home’ and ‘Your job takes so much energy you do not feel up to doing things that need attention at home’. The experience of decreased time for work or family did not associate with LTSA-MD.Conclusions. Among female municipal employees, dissatisfaction with combining work and family and both work-to-family and family-to-work conflicts were associated with subsequent long-term sickness absence due to mental disorders.

Examining the level of employee satisfaction with the performance of city managers (Case study: Baghershahr Municipality)

Objective: By referring to different organizations and taking a deep and expert look at the communication process in these organizations, this issue becomes apparent to every observer. One of the important and always noticeable problems in organizations that employees complain about is the lack of communication skills among their managers. One of the most important and key issues that has caught the attention of the body and the foundation of the organizational society in this period is the organizational commitment of the employees of an organization. This issue can have many factors and dimensions. The present study was conducted to investigate employee satisfaction with the performance of city managers of Baqershahr Municipality. Method: The statistical population of the research was all the employees of Baghershahr municipality, and Cochran's sample size formula was used to determine the sample size. Therefore, considering the error level of 0.05, the sample size was estimated to be 242 people. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. One-sample t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, multiple correlation and simultaneous multiple regression were used to analyze the data. Results: The results extracted from the above research emphasize the strong effect of job satisfaction on the commitment of the organization's employees. The managers of all levels of this municipality can know them better and more accurately and completely with the nobles and sufficient and accurate knowledge of the individual differences among their employees. As a result, taking actions that are most compatible with the heart desires of the employees increases their desire and motivation, satisfaction, and commitment in the direction of development and moving intelligently in the direction of the organization's goals. The level of satisfaction regarding the investigated components of job satisfaction is average, managers are high, and for the components related to welfare, it is below 40%. Conclusion: The results show that municipal employees have low and very low satisfaction with the amenities in the municipality.

The Perspectives of Male and Female Professional Staff on Employees Thriving in Polokwane Local Municipality

This quantitative cross-sectional comparative exploratory study was aimed at exploring participants’ perspectives on employees thriving at the Polokwane Local Municipality (PLM). It compared the overall male and female professional staff’s perceptions of employees thriving. The sample size comprised 149 male and 133 female professionals. The measuring instrument was reliable at 0.8063 Cronbach’s alpha. The study reported that male and female participants had similar perceptions of employee thriving. It also reported that growth and development were significantly associated, while liveliness and devitalisation were insignificantly associated. Also, it revealed that liveliness and growth are significantly related to development, and devitalisation is inversely related to growth. The study recommended that the organisational climate be designed to empower the employees and enhance their thriving attitude towards work. Also, stakeholders and motivational speakers on employees’ thriving strategic efforts are buffed to adjust for factors that are important when intervening in the career counseling and career choices of municipal employees. Future studies may need to pay attention to different municipalities in the province and beyond.

0388 Comparison of objective and subjective sleep evaluations based on with or without insomnia symptoms among Japanese city employees

Abstract Introduction Discrepancies between subjective and objective assessments of sleep duration and onset latency have been reported among insomnia patients. However, such discrepancies have not been well studied in the general population or working populations with sleep EEG measurements. The aim of this study was to compare subjective and objective assessments of sleep at home in a working population. Methods Between 2017 and 2019, a questionnaire survey including the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) and home 1-Ch electroencephalograph (EEG) measurements were conducted among municipal employees in Koka, Shiga Prefecture, Japan (NinJaSleep study). Sleep duration and sleep onset latency (SL) on weekdays answered in the questionnaire were used as the subjective evaluation. Sleep duration and SL determined with 1-Ch EEG were used as the objective evaluation. AIS≥6 was defined as having insomnia. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Shiga University of Medical Science. Results 646 employees (44.7 ± 11.5 years, AIS: 5.4 ± 3.6 points) participated in the study. In the with-insomnia group (AIS≥6, n=274), no significant difference was found between subjective and objective sleep duration (347.1±75.8 min vs. 355.1±78.9 min, p=0.153), and subjective SL was longer than objective SL (24.5±20.2 min vs. 19.5±18.8 min, p=0.002). In the without-insomnia group (AIS< 6, n=372), no significant differences were found between subjective and objective evaluations in both sleep duration (372.3±64.6 min vs. 369.9±78.6 min, p=0.597) and SL (18.9±15.8 min vs. 16.9±12.3 min, p=0.259). Conclusion In the with-insomnia group, subjective SL was perceived longer than the objective SL. No differences were found between subjective and objective sleep duration both in with and without insomnia groups, which may come from the study performed in a working population. Support (if any) Investigator-Initiated Studies Program of Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. / MSD K.K. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection, analyses, interpretation, writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

ORAL HEALTH STATUS AND TREATMENT NEEDS OF INDORE MUNICIPAL CORPORATION EMPLOYEES

To assess the oral health status and treatment needs of Indore municipal corporation employees. A descriptive study was conducted among the employees of Indore municipal corporation. 486 employees as per representative sample by hierarchy decision during the study period were all taken into account. The study was organized for the data collection of Municipal employees during the period of July 2022 to sept. 2022. World Health Organization (WHO) Oral Health Assessment Form for Adults (2013) was used for the examination of employees. descriptive and inferential statistics were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics Windows, version 25 (IBM Corp, Armonk, N.Y., USA). Categorical variables were analyzed by Chi-square test and continuous variables were analyzed using One -way ANOVA. The prevalence of dental caries was 80.4%. The prevalence of periodontal disease was signicantly more (54.4%). And the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions was 9.9%. Oral health status presents alarming health care seeking mainly due to various risk factors commonly predominated. The imperative need to escalate awareness through oral health campaigns, and interdisciplinary dental clinics availability for self-reliant healthcare to frontline workers of the Indore Municipal Corporation

A New Working Class: The Legacies of Public-Sector Employment in the Civil Rights Movement

A New Working Class: The Legacies of Public-Sector Employment in the Civil Rights Movement

Latent classes of unhealthy behaviours and their associations with subsequent sickness absence: a prospective register-linkage study among Finnish young and early midlife employees

ObjectivesUnhealthy behaviours are associated with increased sickness absence (SA), but few studies have considered person-oriented approach in these associations. Using latent class analysis, we examined clustering of unhealthy behaviours among...

THE ROLE OF DIMENSIONS OF JOB ENGAGEMENT IN ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE

Job engagement is about the degree of connection employees have with their work. Engagement theories suggest that employees experience engagement cognitively, emotionally, and physically. If and the extent to which this is the case, specifically within South African municipalities, remains largely indeterminate. This study therefore investigates the relationship between dimensions of job engagement and perceived organizational performance in South African municipalities. A quantitative research approach was followed, and data was collected through an online survey administered to a non-probability sample of municipal employees. The study reveals that of the three dimensions of job engagement, emotional and physical engagement demonstrated statistically significant relationships with perceived organizational performance although physical engagement turned out as a stronger predictor. Surprisingly, the relationship between cognitive engagement and perceived organizational performance was not statistically significant. Consequently, it is imperative for jobs in municipalities to be better designed with a clear intention to foster job engagement.

Telework and MaaS adoption in a post-pandemic scenario. Evidence from municipal employees of Padua, Italy

In recent years, the adoption of teleworking has witnessed a significant surge, partly driven by the COVID-19 pandemic. The existing literature suggests that its implementation has elicited mixed reactions from workers; while some workers have expressed satisfaction with its introduction, others prefer to work in a traditional, on-site setting. Concurrently, there has been a growing interest in Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) and an increase in the number of companies offering such services. However, there is limited research exploring the relationship between teleworking and the utilization of MaaS. This paper aims to fill this gap, by analyzing (1) which factors influence users to adopt teleworking in a post-pandemic scenario and (2) the relationship between willingness to telework and the propensity to join a MaaS system. An ordered logit model and a mixed logit model were developed to achieve the two goals, respectively. These models were calibrated and validated using data collected from questionnaires administered to Padua Municipality employees between October 2020 and January 2021. As expected, the employees most inclined toward teleworking are those who seek more flexibility and are unable to commute by private means. In addition, results show that employees who expressed the preference to telework more in the future are less likely to adopt MaaS, suggesting that the increased popularity of teleworking due to the pandemic may have a negative effect on the uptake of MaaS. These findings were utilized to formulate several policy recommendations.

Tier Three Pension Scheme in Ghana: What is the Employees’ Level of Understanding?

Purpose: The study examined the level of knowledge of Tier III pension scheme among public sector employees in the New Juaben Municipality.
 Methodology: The descriptive research design was employed. Data were collected, using self-administered questionnaire from 300 randomly selected employees. Data collected were analysed using means, standard deviations and Explanatory Factor Analysis.
 Findings: The results showed that eight dimensions account for about 78% of the variance in level of knowledge of Tier III pension scheme. Furthermore, generally, the level of knowledge of Tier III pension scheme among employees was low. It was concluded that employees were agitated because they had low level of knowledge of the Tier III pension scheme.
 Recommendations: It was recommended that the immediate superiors of employees should, from time to time, organise seminars to take employees through all that the employees need to know about the Tier III Pension Scheme.

Environmental Policy and Solid waste management. A case of Lodwar Municipality, Turkana County, Kenya.

Purpose: The formulation of Environment Policy 2018 of Turkana County is based on the requirement by the (Constitution of Kenya; 2010 and the County Governments Act, 2013) which gives powers to the county government to formulate policies and enact laws. It is this provision that Turkana County sort to formulate policy to address the management of waste in Lodwar municipality and its environment. The purpose of this article was to determine the influence of the Environmental Policy on Solid waste management in a case of Lodwar Municipality, Turkana County, Kenya. The objectives of the study were; To establish impact of private-public partnership on sustainable waste management in Lodwar Municipality, Turkana County; To assess the impact of political good will on solid waste management in Lodwar Municipality, Turkana County; To determine adoption of emission-reducing technologies on solid management in Lodwar municipality, Turkana county and to assess the level of integration of environmental policy with socio-economic policies to boost solid waste management in Lodwar Municipality, Turkana County, Kenya.
 Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was adopted to target residents of Lodwar town, management and municipal workers, traders, fisherfolks, county National Environment Management Authority officers and public health department officers at the county level. Furthermore, the descriptive research design was employed and utilized structured and semi structure questionnaires. Out of the population of 110 target groups the sample size used for the study was 33 as stated by Mugenda and Mugenda 2008 that when a population is below 10000 the sample size should be 10% or 30% of the target population hence 30% was ideal for the study. The quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using frequencies, percentages, mean scores, and content thematic respectively.
 Findings: The findings of the study indicated that, there were no monitoring framework in place to determine the effectiveness of the policy, lack of awareness of existence of the policy amongst the municipality employees, lack of political good will and lack of waste regulating system.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: In this regard, the study recommends the need for municipality to establish monitoring system to measure the effectiveness of the environmental policy in addressing the solid waste management issues; there was need of the county government to provide enough resources to support the strategies lied by the policies for environmental sustainability; The community members , municipality and county government staff need to be sensitized on the existence of the environmental policy; a legal framework ought to be developed to provide the regulatory and fiscal instruments needed to achieve Turkana environment policy objectives.

Technological challenges associated with land-use policies in Polish cities and towns

Motives: Land-use policies are legal instruments that are available to local governments. Modern land-use policies require specialized software and spatial data. A survey was conducted in the cities and towns of two Polish regions, and the results were used to describe the challenges facing local authorities in relation to land-use planning. Aims: The main aim of this study was to verify the use of spatial data formats and specialist software in the decision-making process in Polish cities and towns. The survey revealed differences in spatial data formats used by the analysed cities and towns. The research goal was achieved in the entire study group and in groups of differently sized cities. Results: The challenges and implications for land-use policy and decision-making in cities and towns were discussed. The survey revealed differences in the way specialist software is used in land-use planning in the analysed towns and cities. The use of open-source software was examined, and the study demonstrated that georeferenced spatial data is generally lacking. The present findings can be used by the authorities to improve the process of formulating their land-use policies, and they suggest that municipal employees should regularly participate in training programs.

Abstracts 13th PCNE Working Conference “Pharmacies' new roles in pharmaceutical care: bridging research and practice”

Abstracts 13th PCNE Working Conference “Pharmacies' new roles in pharmaceutical care: bridging research and practice”