Mungbean Genotypes Research Articles

Evaluation of pant characteristics and physiological performance of mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) genotypes under salt stress

Mungbean is a delicious popular pulse crop whose yield is hampered by biotic and abiotic factors. Salinity is considered serious abiotic stress that hinders growth and yield drastically. To find out the response features of salinity tolerance in mungbean, a series of experiments were carried out in the Department of Crop Botany of BSMRAU. The experiment was performed in the greenhouse of the Crop Botany department using nutrient solution under hydroponics conditions. Initially, fifty-two mungbean genotypes were used in the experiment to screen out a susceptible and tolerant genotype. The results indicated that salinity affected the plants at various morphological characteristics namely plant height, and dry matter of root, stem, and fruit. The genotypes were placed in four groups based on their performance in salinity. A higher quantity of proline with a lower amount of Malon-dialdehyde was observed with the increase in salinity. Chlorophyll content increased initially and after that declined sharply. The susceptible genotype resulted in a sharp decline of chlorophyll and increased proline content which reflected the 1accumulation of root and shoot dry matter, and consequently, the total dry matter content compared to that of the tolerant genotype. J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 48(1-2): 97-110, June-December 2022

Screening of Mung Bean Genotypes against Yellow Mosaic Virus (YMV) Resistance

Experiment was conducted to identify the resistant Mung bean varieties against MYMV in Kharif during 2017. Ten Indian mung bean genotypes obtained from AICRP on Arid legumes, RARI, Durgapura, Jaipur, were used in the screening experiment and the obtained results revealed that there was significant variation among the genotypes for resistance against MYMV. Based on the average MYMV score, only two genotypes (IPM 02-3 and IPM 0205-7) were found completely free from the disease and the plants had maximum chlorophyll content whereas IPM-409-4 and RMG 991 were found resistant and chlorophyll content was low as compared to the highly resistant genotypes. The rest of six genotypes observed moderately resistant, moderately susceptible, susceptible and highly susceptible to the disease.

Tissue-Specific Metabolic Profiling of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) Genotypes with Different Seed Coat Colors

Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) is one of the major legume crops containing high carbohydrate and protein contents. In this study, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and ABTS/DPPH radical scavenging activity of whole sprouts and seed coats were evaluated by using 10 mungbean genotypes with diverse seed coat colors and origins. Qualitative/quantitative analysis of individual secondary metabolites was performed with ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Overall, 23 polyphenols, including flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, and anthocyanins, were identified. Depending on genotypes, significant variations in the contents of each phytochemical were identified before/after germination. The results indicate that the specific pathways of phenolic compounds, including chlorogenic acid, coumestrol, genistein, and glycitein, are activated by sprouting in mungbean. The neo/chlorogenic acid contents had tissue specificity, even though it was isomeric. The anthocyanin contents were higher in green and yellow mungbeans than in black mungbeans. These findings in this study will provide valuable information to improve the food quality of mungbean sprouts with high polyphenolic contents.

Genome wide association analysis for grain micronutrients and anti-nutritional traits in mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] using SNP markers.

Mungbean is an important food grain legume for human nutrition and nutritional food due to its nutrient-dense seed, liked palatability, and high digestibility. However, anti-nutritional factors pose a significant risk to improving nutritional quality for bio-fortification. In the present study, genetic architecture of grain micronutrients (grain iron and zinc concentration) and anti-nutritional factors (grain phytic acid and tannin content) in association mapping panel of 145 diverse mungbean were evaluated. Based on all four parameters genotypes PUSA 1333 and IPM 02-19 were observed as desired genotypes as they had high grain iron and zinc concentration but low grain phytic acid and tannin content. The next generation sequencing (NGS)-based genotyping by sequencing (GBS) identified 14,447 genome-wide SNPs in a diverse selected panel of 127 mungbean genotypes. Population admixture analysis revealed the presence of four different ancestries among the genotypes and LD decay of ∼57.6 kb kb physical distance was noted in mungbean chromosomes. Association mapping analysis revealed that a total of 20 significant SNPs were shared by both GLM and Blink models associated with grain micronutrient and anti-nutritional factor traits, with Blink model identifying 35 putative SNPs. Further, this study identified the 185 putative candidate genes. Including potential candidate genes Vradi07g30190, Vradi01g09630, and Vradi09g05450 were found to be associated with grain iron concentration, Vradi10g04830 with grain zinc concentration, Vradi08g09870 and Vradi01g11110 with grain phytic acid content and Vradi04g11580 and Vradi06g15090 with grain tannin content. Moreover, two genes Vradi07g15310 and Vradi09g05480 showed significant variation in protein structure between native and mutated versions. The identified SNPs and candidate genes are potential powerful tools to provide the essential information for genetic studies and marker-assisted breeding program for nutritional improvement in mungbean.

Cold Tolerance Mechanisms in Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) Genotypes during Germination

Mungbean or greengram (Vigna radiata) is an important legume crop well known for its high protein with nitrogen-fixing abilities. However, the severe yield loss in mungbean occurs due to susceptibility to low temperatures at all stages of plant growth including germination and is a serious concern for its cultivation and productivity. To select cold-tolerant genotypes, a germination-based screening at 10 °C was performed in a total of 204 germplasms. The study showed that cold stress of the initial 8-days during seedling establishment imposed a negative impact throughout the life of mungbean genotypes, which were reflected in the vegetative and reproductive phase (plant height, days to 50% flowering and pods/plant, seeds/pod, yield/plant, and 100-seed weight). The biplot analysis showed that parameters such as germination rate index, Timson’s index, mean germination time, and coefficient of the velocity of germination are the key influential germination parameters for identifying cold tolerance in the seedling stage. Identified cold-tolerant genotype (PAU911) retained higher rootlet number, leaf area, and increased chlorophyll, carotenoid, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content at 10 °C. Based on the confocal microscopic study, it is noticed that the stomatal density, open pore percentage, and trichome density were significant differences in seedlings exposed to cold stress as compared to non-stress. On the basis of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis, it is observed that a new protein identified as TETRATRICOPEPTIDE-REPEAT THIOREDOXIN-LIKE1 (TTL1) (UNIPROT Identifier: LOC106762419) which highly correlated with the cold stress response of in the cold-tolerant genotype. Our study identifies a noble member, TTL1, whose expression has a positive role in cold tolerance response at the protein level in V. radiata. This study will help breeding programs with regard to the sustainable growth of mungbean.

Genetic Variation for Traits Related to Phosphorus Use Efficiency in Vigna Species

Phosphorus (P) is a major limiting nutrient reducing crop yields especially in weathered soils of the subtropics and tropics. P exhibits poor mobility and availability to plants in soil. To overcome P deficiency in soil, phosphatic fertilizers are added. Global phosphate rock reserves are finite, and the addition of phosphatic fertilizers is not financially and ecologically sustainable. Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) is important grain legume for nutritional security. Attempts are being made to develop mungbean varieties with better P-use efficiency through enhanced P uptake and utilization. In the present study, 327 accessions of 18 Vigna species were examined for inter- and intra-specific variation for traits related to phosphorus uptake and utilization efficiency under hydroponic conditions at two levels of phosphorus. Significant species-specific variation was recorded for studied traits. Among the studied Vigna species, mungbean exhibited higher phosphorus use efficiency. Seven mungbean genotypes (IC 251950, IC 585931, V1002532AG, IC 371653, IC 331615, V1001400AG, and V1000532BG) were found to be promising for both PupE and PutiE. Using mean and standard deviation as criteria, mungbean genotypes identified with high phosphorus-use efficiency include IC 25950 and IC 583664. Mungbean genotypes KPS 1546, IC 277060, IC 697141, IC 343440, and Pusa 0831 were identified based on the stress tolerance index as genotypes that performed better under P stress. Cultivated species revealed higher PUE in comparison withwild forms. The most promising genotype identified from this study for PUE can be used as a parent for the development of a mapping population of mungbean for understanding genetics of PUE under a low-phosphorus environment.

Drought Tolerance in Mung Bean is Associated with the Genotypic Divergence, Regulation of Proline, Photosynthetic Pigment and Water Relation

Drought is one of the critical conditions for the growth and productivity of many crops including mung bean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek). Screening of genotypes for variations is one of the suitable strategies for evaluating crop adaptability and global food security. In this context, the study investigated the physiological and biochemical responses of four drought tolerant (BARI Mung-8, BMX-08010-2, BMX-010015, BMX-08009-7), and four drought sensitive (BARI Mung-1, BARI Mung-3, BU Mung-4, BMX-05001) mung bean genotypes under wellwatered (WW) and water deficit (WD) conditions. The WW treatment maintained sufficient soil moisture (22% ± 0.5%, i.e., 30% deficit of available water) by regularly supplying water. Whereas, the WD treatment was maintained throughout the growing period, and water was applied when the wilting symptom appeared. The drought tolerant (DT) genotypes BARI Mung-8, BMX-08010-2, BMX-010015, BMX-08009-7 showed a high level of proline accumulation (2.52–5.99 mg g−1 FW), photosynthetic pigment (total chlorophyll 2.96–3.27 mg g−1 FW at flowering stage, and 1.62–2.38 mg g−1 FW at pod developing stage), plant water relation attributes including relative water content (RWC) (82%–84%), water retention capacity (WRC) (12–14) as well as lower water saturation deficit (WSD) (19%–23%), and water uptake capacity (WUC) (2.58–2.89) under WD condition, which provided consequently higher relative seed yield. These indicate that the tolerant genotypes gained better physiobiochemical attributes and adaptability in response to drought conditions. Furthermore, the genotype BMX- 08010-2 showed superiority in terms of those physio-biochemical traits, susceptibility index (SSI) and stress tolerance index (STI) to other genotypes. Based on the physiological and biochemical responses, the BMX-08010-2 was found to be a suitable genotype for sustaining yield under drought stress, and subsequently, it could be recommended for crop improvement through hybridization programs. In addition, the identified traits can be used as markers to identify tolerant genotypes for drought-prone areas.

Biochemical characterization and multivariate analysis of different genotypes of mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek)

Mungbean is an important short-duration annual crop primarily grown for food and fodder purposes in Asian countries. Present investigation aimed to explore the biochemical diversity by conducting quantitative phytochemical tests including total phenol, flavonoid, tannin, cardiac glycosides and alkaloid content and to check the antioxidant potential of leaf, stem, pod and seed samples of 26 mungbean genotypes were sown in randomized block design during June to August, 2021 with three replications under similar agronomical conditions. Significant variations were observed in genotypes with respect to quantification assays and plant parts. A strong positive correlation was observed between phenol content and antioxidant potential, and between flavonoid content and glycoside content. Moreover, multivariate approaches including PCA and HCA were performed to characterize, evaluate and categorize mungbean genotypes based on similarities and dissimilarities among them. A first four PCs accounted 90.47% of cumulative variance and loading plot suggested significant contribution of all variables to total variance of PC1 and PC2. Cluster analysis distinguished highly variable genotypes as S-3, S-5, S-6, GM-6, SKNM-1608, SKNM-1801, SKNM-1808 and SKNM 1809, and all of them were found to be rich in bioactive constitution. These genotypes can be recommended for use as parents in future plant breeding programs, and can also be used in selecting prominent functional mungbean landraces for daily diet purposes.

Morphological characterization and new variation in compound leaf of mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) genotypes

The present investigation was executed under field conditions that favour normal growth and expression for all descriptors. A collection of 40 mungbean genotypes were characterised for 21 agro-morphological traits during the summer 2021 and 2022. The experimental material was  evaluated in three replications in RCBD and observations were recorded as per DUS guidelines. The  phenotypic assessment showed polymorphism for  the characters such as hypocotyl anthocyanin coloration, stem colour, leaf shape, leaf colour, leaf vein colour, petiole colour, flower petal colour, pod position, pod colour, pod curvature, seed colour, seed size etc. Some special character including yellow seed colour of local germplasm ‘yellow-mung’ diversified the crop. Furthermore, an increased number of leaflet viz. quadrifoliate and pentafoliate compound leaf variations were also observed rather than the normal trifoliate compound leaf of mungbean. The standard descriptors can be used as a marker to characterize the crop species for utilization of germplasm and conservation programmes. Keywords: characterization, compound leaf, DUS, greengram, polymorphism

Molecular Identification of Podosphaera xanthii and the Susceptibility of Vigna Species Genotypes to Natural Infection of Powdery Mildew

Powdery mildew was observed on 20 genotypes of Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (yardlong beans) and 33 genotypes of V. radiata (mungbean) in Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. Powdery mildew was collected and then subjected to molecular characterization to identify the species associated with the disease. Based on combined microscopic observations and molecular identification, the species causing powdery mildew to yardlong bean and mungbean was Podosphaera xanthii (Castagne) U. Braun & S. Takam. 2000 (Bas.: Erysiphe xanthii 1845). None of the yardlong beans and mungbean genotypes were resistant to powdery mildew, with disease incidence reaching up to 100% and with fungal colonies present on plant vines and both sides of leaves. This is the first report of powdery mildew disease caused by P. xanthii on yardlong bean and mungbean in the country. Both legume plant species are important food crops in the Philippines. The information from this study will be valuable in formulating other disease management approaches. The lack of resistant plants warrants further screening in legume germplasm collection to identify sources of resistance or tolerance.

Genetic diversity studies using Mahalanobis method in Mungbean under Acidic soils of Manipur

The cultivation of mungbean is important in the NEH region. The crop's genetic improvement mostly depends on the degree of genetic variability already present in the base population, which also acts as a valuable source of the base population for a wide variety of genetic variations. The present study aimed to study the genetic diversity analysis using the Mahalanobis method in mungbean grown under acid soils in Manipur, India. The present result showed that Mungbean genotypes have differed significantly for all characters in the analysis of variance. Eleven clusters had all twenty-eight genotypes. Cluster II had the most genotypes (8), followed by cluster III (4), cluster I, V & VII (3), cluster VI (2), and clusters IV, VIII, IX, X, and XI (1 each). Furthermore, mungbean genotypes also showed significant variation in the grouping.

Assessment of Genetic Parameters for Yield and Its Associated Traits in Greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek

Greengram is India's most significant legume crop, and because there is relatively little genetic variety, increasing productivity demands increased attention in research for the development of superior cultivars. During Kharif 2020-21, an experiment was conducted to the evaluation of the genetic parameters for yield and their associated attributes for thirty-nine Mungbean genotypes. Using a Randomised Block Design (RBD), all genotypes were sown in three replications. The observations on various quantitative characters were recorded, and the genetic parameters, PCV, GCV, heritability(bs), and genetic advance, along with the analysis of variances, were estimated. According to ANOVA, almost all genotypes exhibited significant variances for all characters. The highest GCV and PCV was found to be pod length (cm), number of pods cluster-1, number of primary branches plant-1, biological yield plant-1 as well as seed yield plant-1. The heritability was recorded high for pod length (cm) followed by number of primary branches plant-1, number of pods cluster-1, days to pod initiation, number of seeds pod-1, days to 50% flowering, seed yield plant-1, biological yield plant-1, number of effective pods plant-1. The character’s days to flower initiation, total number of pods plant-1, harvest index and number of clusters plant-1 revealed medium genetic advance. High heritability(bs) coupled high genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for pod length (cm), number of branches plant-1, number of pods cluster-1, days to pod initiation, number of seeds pod-1, days to 50% flowering, seed yield plant-1, biological yield plant-1 and number of effective pods plant-1.

Morphological Characterization and Germination-Based Screening for Cold Stress Response of Vigna radiata L.

Aims: Morphological characterization and germination based screening for cold stress response of Vigna radiata, was performed to identify the cold resistant genotypes.
 Methodology: Augmented design experiment was performed to characterize 204 mungbean genotypes under field condition based on 24 DUS characterization. A germination-based screening at 10°C was performed in a total of 204 germplasms in a plant growth chamber to identify the cold responsive genotypes. Seeds were soaked in water for 6h in the dark under normal temperature and imposed cold stress (100C) for 2, 4, 6, 8 days and further transferred to control temperature (220C) for recovery.
 Results: On the basis of the 24 DUS characterizations of 204 mungbean genotypes are classified into three major clusters. Highest number of genotypes in cluster I (113 genotypes), followed by 81 genotypes in cluster II and least number (10) of genotypes in cluster III. Based on cold stress study and biplot analysis showed that germination percentage, germination rate index, Timson’s index, mean germination time and coefficient of velocity of germination to be more influential and categorized into three groups having 11 genotypes are resistant, 135 genotypes are susceptible, and 58 genotypes are intermediate. Biochemical analysis showed that the tolerant genotype having increased chlorophyll, carotenoid and MDA content and oxidative enzyme activity as compared with susceptible and intermediate genotypes under cold stress. 
 Conclusion: The present study identified 11 genotypes having cold resistant and may be used for breeding program.

Türkiye’deki maş fasulyesi [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] genotiplerinin çıkış ve fide özellikleri yönünden karakterizasyonu

Amaç: Bu çalışmada amaç ülkemizden temin edilen maş fasulyesi genotipleri ve yurt dışından temin edilen çeşitlerinin çıkış ve fide özelliklerinde karakterizasyon yapılmasıdır.Yöntem ve Bulgular: Araştırmada Türkiye’nin farklı illerinden toplanan, 50 adet maş fasulyesi genotipi ile yurt dışından temin edilen 4 adet maş fasulyesi çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma, 2021 yılında Isparta Uygulamalı Bilimler Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesinde saksı denemesi şeklinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırma, Tesadüf Parselleri deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Çalışmada çıkış oranı, kotiledon yaprakların uzunluğu ve genişliği, klorofil içeriği ve antosiyanin durumları belirlenmiştir. Genotiplerin çıkış oranı % 45 - 100, kotiledon yaprak uzunlukları 22.60 – 43.38 mm, kotiledon yaprak genişliği 7.42 - 4.92 mm, klorofil içeriği 26.70 - 37.70 arasında değişim göstermiş ve 48 adet genotipin gövdesinde antosiyanin tespit edilmiştir. Korelasyon analizi sonucunda en yüksek pozitif ve önemli ilişki kotiledon yaprak uzunluğu ile kotiledon yaprak genişliği (r=0.82) arasında saptanmıştır. Temel bileşen analizi sonucunda genotiplere ait toplam varyasyonun % 74.73’ünü tanımlayan 2 adet temel bileşen ekseni elde edilmiştir. Cluster analizi sonucunda maş fasulyesi genotiplerinin 4 grupta toplandıkları belirlenmiştir.Genel Yorum: Bitki genetik kaynaklarının fenotipik olarak karakterizasyonu bitki ıslahı ve yetiştiriciler için oldukça önemlidir. Maş fasulyesi genotiplerinde çıkış ve fide özelliklerinin geniş varyasyon gösterdiği çoklu karşılaştırma testleri ile de belirlenmiştir.Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre, genotiplerin çıkış ve fide özelliklerinde geniş bir varyasyon olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ülkemizdeki maş fasulyesi genotiplerinin fide ve çıkış özellikleri yönünden tanımlanması yapılarak hem mevcut varyasyon durumu ortaya çıkarılmış, hem de daha sonra maş fasulyesinde yapılacak agronomik ve morfolojik çalışmalara katkı sağlanmıştır.

Salt Stress Tolerance and Germination Performance Of Mungbean Genotypes Under Salt Stress

Sea level rising, as a result of global warming, is a major threat to crop production; because inclusion of saline water in crop land limits the crop production. So, an experiment was undertaken to evaluate some mungbean genotypes under different levels of salt stresses in germination stage. The experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jashore during Rabi 2020-2021. The seeds of seven mungbean genotypes viz. BARI Mung-6, BARI Mung-8, BMXKI-112004-3, BMXKI- 112009-21, MMAT-V07, BMMP-201524 and BMMP-201506 were collected from different sources. This experiment was conducted following factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with two replications. The experimental factors were i) mungbean genotypes (seven) and ii) salt stress (three levels: 0, 4 and 8 dSm-1). The results showed that mungbean var. BARI Mung-6 at 0 dSm-1 and 4 dSm-1 showed highest value in case of germination index (9), germination percentage (100%), co-efficient of germination (40), vigor index (1950) and lowest value in case of mean germination time (2.5). BARI Mung-8 at 0 dS m-1 showed the inverse results. Genotype BMXKI-112009- 21, MMAT-V07 and BMMP-201524 at 4 dSm-1 and in some extent in 8 dSm-1 showed highest value in case of germination stress tolerance index, plant height stress index, root length stress index, shoot fresh weight stress index, root fresh weight stress index, shoot dry weight stress index and in root dry weight stress index. The lowest values in these parameters were found in BARI Mung-8 at 8 dSm-1 salt stress. BARI Mung-6, MMATV07, BMXKI-112009-21 and BMMP-201524 genotypes were found to be more tolerant to salt stress than rest of the genotypes in germination stage.
 Bangladesh Agron. J. 2022, 25(1): 57-65

Correlation and Path Analysis Studies of Pod Yield and its Component Traits in Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] Genotypes

Background: Mungbean is an important pulse crop grown in India. The mungbean is an excellent source of protein (27%) and its essential amino acid comparable with that of soybean and kidney bean. Estimates of correlation coefficient are useful in identifying the component traits which can be used for yield improvement of mungbean. Path coefficient analysis provides a thorough understanding of contribution of various characters by partitioning the correlation coefficient into components of direct and indirect effects. This study aimed to quantify the relationship and contributions of various traits to seed yield. Methods: The present investigation was undertaken to assess the correlation and path analysis on yield and its components in 38 genotypes of mungbean. The genotypes were raised in randomized block design with three replications during Kharif 2019 at Agricultural Research Station Farm, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan. Result: The experimental results showed that positive correlation and positive direct effect on seed yield were observed for plant height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and 100 seed weight. Therefore these traits can be used for mungbean improvement program as well as developing high yielding varieties of mungbean.

​Comparative Study of Crossability Behavior in Intra-specific and Inter-specific Crosses of Vigna radiata and Vigna mungo

Background: The basic plant material consisted of 9 mungbean and 5 urdbean genotypes. 42 different crosses were made comprising 13 Vigna radiata x V. radiata, 4 V. radiata x V. mungo and 25 V. radiata x V. mungo crosses. Varying degree of success has been achieved in obtaining intraspecific and interspecific crosses having desired variability for yield and yield contributing traits along with MYMV resistance. Methods: The present investigation was done at Agricultural Research Farm, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, during Kharif, 2019 and Summer, 2020. 42 intra-specific and inter-specific cross combinations were initially examined for their crossability. Out of these, six promising crosses with higher crossability percent were further analyzed for hybrid pollen fertility, hybrid lethality and, evaluation of F1 and parents for different yield traits. Result: Crossability per cent found highest in intraspecific cross HUM 2 x IPM 02-3 (41.86%) in mungbean while, in urdbean cross NDU 1 x R3/12 (41.38%). In interspecific crosses, the maximum crossability per cent was found in SKAU M 365 x R3/28 (34.92%). Two mungbean genotypes (HUM 2 and HUM 26) and two urdbean genotypes (R3/12 and R3/28) can be further utilized for genetic improvement through inter-specific hybridization as there cross combinations are better performing on the basis of yield attributes along with MYMV resistance.

Effect of Environment on Morphometric Characteristics of Mung bean (vigna radiata (L.) Genotypes through Seed Digital Imaging Analysis

Digital imaging is a fast and reliable method for cultivar identification and discrimination. Computer seed digital imaging was utilized in this study to evaluate the differences in seed metric traits in ten genotypes of mung bean as affected by the seed production environment. A hundred seeds in each of the mung bean genotypes were subjected to digital imaging analysis using the ‘WinSEEDLE™’ software to differentiate the seed metric characters. For every replication, a hundred seeds were placed on the lighting hood in such a way that the embryo axis of the seed faces the image analysis system and the longitudinal axis runs parallel to the surface of the scanner. Seeds were automatically analyzed by the scanner and the image of the seed was recorded by the ‘WinSEEDLE™’. The procedure of hundred seeds placement on seed digital image was repeated three times for each genotype. The parameters observed were seed area, straight length, curve length, straight width, curve width, width length, and seed perimeter. Scan data collected from ‘WinSEEDLE™’ were subjected to analysis of variance and principal component analysis. The result revealed that the Mung bean genotypes evaluated were highly variable in all the seed metric traits evaluated. The study recommended that attention should be given to genotypes and seed production environments in the seed production of Mung bean. Genotypes Tvr-73, Tvr-27, Tvr-98, and Tvr-78 have been identified with consistent and high seed morphometric characteristic performance for most of the attributes examined, hence, can be important criteria in selecting superior seed physical traits and could be used as parental material, in the development of high seed yielding varieties.

Seed Priming and Foliar Application of Chitosan Ameliorate Drought Stress Responses in Mungbean Genotypes Through Modulation of Morpho-physiological Attributes and Increased Antioxidative Defense Mechanism

Seed Priming and Foliar Application of Chitosan Ameliorate Drought Stress Responses in Mungbean Genotypes Through Modulation of Morpho-physiological Attributes and Increased Antioxidative Defense Mechanism

Assessment of Variability for Yield Attributing Traits and Seed Quality Parameters in Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek)

The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate ten germplasm of mung bean, used to estimate genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for 16 characters. The results showed significant differences among the mung bean genotypes in all characters. All the characters had a larger PCV, showing the enfluence of the environmental variable on their expression. In the present study, PCV is higher than GCV for all the characters under study. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance indicates additive gene action. Heritability for broad sense was estimated for all the studied characters observed range from 33.6 to 98.175%. Genetic advance as percentage of mean is observed range from 2.484% to 26.315%. All these characters coupled with hhigh heritability coupled with high genetic advance can be used for the selection of lines as a parents for further breeding programme, where as in breeding programme these traits were more important for selection.