Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus Research Articles

Molecular characterization of the Rep protein of the blackgram isolate of Indian mungbean yellow mosaic virus.

The complete nucleotide sequence of the blackgram isolate of mungbean yellow mosaic virus, IMYMV-Bg, which infects legumes in India, was determined and compared at the amino acid level with those of other whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses. The genome organization of IMYMV-Bg was similar to that of the begomoviruses. A unique feature of the genome organization was the sequence divergence of the common region (CR) between DNA-A and DNA-B. In order to understand the mechanism of viral DNA replication, the replication initiator protein, Rep, of IMYMV-Bg was overexpressed in E. coli. The recombinant and refolded Rep bound to CR-sequences of IMYMV-Bg in a specific manner. In this study, evidence is presented for ATP-upregulated cleavage function and ATP-mediated conformational change of Rep. It is hypothesized that, although ATP is not required for cleavage, ATP-mediated conformational changes may result in better access of Rep to the DNA-cleavage site. Evidence is also presented for a site-specific topoisomerase function of Rep, which has not been demonstrated before. The Rep protein can be classified as a type-I topoisomerase because of its nicking activity and sensitivity towards camptothecin, a topoisomerase type-I inhibitor.

Geminate Particle Morphology of Sweet Potato Leaf Curl Virus in Partially Purified Preparation and Its Serological Relationship to Two Begomoviruses by Western Blotting

Sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV) is a possible member of the genus Begomovirus; however, the presence of typical geminate particles in sap has not been confirmed. We attempted to observe SPLCV virions by partially purifying the virus using an enzyme-assisted procedure. The observed virions in the partially purified preparations were typical geminate particles with a size of ca. 18×30nm. This virus preparation was subjected to western blot analysis using antisera against Bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV) and Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV). SPLCV reacted with both antisera. Specific bands appeared to be slightly larger than the 30-kDa marker protein and were considered to be SPLCV coat protein. This western blot analysis revealed for the first time a serelogical relationship between SPLCV and the two well-characterized begomoviruses.

A New Geminivirus Associated with a Leaf Curl Disease of Tomato in Tanzania.

Leaf samples of tomato exhibiting yellow mottle, severe leaf curl, stunting, and upright stems were collected from Makutupora, Tanzania, in October 1994 by L. L. Black (AVRDC). Leaf tissue squashes on nylon membranes did not hybridize with DNA-A probes from tomato yellow leaf curl geminiviruses (TYLCVs) from Thailand (Thai) or Egypt (EG), an isolate of TYLCV-Isr (Israel). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primer pair PAC1v1978/PAV1c715 (2), which specifically amplifies part of the rep (AC1) open reading frame (ORF), the intergenic region, and the cp (AV1) ORF of whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses, yielded a 1.5-kb fragment from a DNA extract of symptomatic tomato leaves. No virus-specific fragments were amplified from symptomless tomato leaves. The nucleotide sequence (GenBank accession no. U73478) of the PCR fragment (recombinant plasmid pAF1) was compared with the sequences of seven distinct subgroup III geminiviruses that infect tomato (1)-TYLCV-Isr, TYLCV-Sar (Sardinia), TYLCV-Thai, tomato leaf curl virus (TLCV)-;Aus (Australia), IndTLCV (India), TLCV-Ind (Bangalore I), and TLCV-Tai (Taiwan)-as well as three other subgroup III geminiviruses from the Old World: Indian cassava mosaic virus, African cassava mosaic virus, and mung bean yellow mosaic virus. Nucleotide sequence identities for the pairwise comparisons of the rep ORF (692 nucleotides) and the intergenic region (169 nucleotides) of this Tanzanian geminivirus with those of the 10 Old World geminiviruses showed low nucleotide identities, which were <79% for the rep ORF and <67% for the intergenic region. Since isolates of the same geminivirus usually have nucleotide sequence identities >90% (1), this Tanzanian geminivirus is considered to be different from all previously characterized Old World geminiviruses and is given the name TLCV-Tan. Further, tissue squash blots of samples previously collected from other areas in Tanzania gave strong positive reactions with the TYLCV-EG probe, so yet another geminivirus closely related to TYLCV-Isr may be present.

Effects of Yellow Mosaic Virus on Polyphenol Metabolism in Resistant and Susceptible Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) Leaves

Summary Biochemical changes in the leaves of mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) resistant (ML-267) and suceptible (ML-5) varieties have indicated that the MYMV infection results in malfunctioning of polyphenol metabolism by increasing total sugars, free amino acids, total phenols in both the varieties, whereas ortho-dihydroxy phenol and flavonols only in the resistant variety as compared to their respective healthy ones. Polyphenol oxidase activity increased in resistant variety wheras it decreased in susceptible one with infection. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, tyrosine ammonia-lyase, and peroxidase activity decreased with MYMV infection in both the varieties.

Recognition and differentiation of seven whitefly‐transmitted geminiviruses from India, and their relationships to African cassava mosaic and Thailand mung bean yellow mosaic viruses

SUMMARYParticles resembling those of geminiviruses were found by immunosorbent electron microscopy in extracts of plants infected in India with bhendi yellow vein mosaic, croton yellow vein mosaic, dolichos yellow mosaic, horsegram yellow mosaic, Indian cassava mosaic and tomato leaf curl viruses. All these viruses were transmitted by Bemisia tabaci whiteflies, all reacted with at least one out of ten monoclonal antibodies to African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV), and all reacted with a probe for ACMV DNA‐1, but scarcely or not at all with a full‐length probe for ACMV DNA‐2. Most of the viruses were distinguished by their host ranges when transmitted by whiteflies, and the rest could be distinguished by their pattern of reactions with the panel of monoclonal antibodies. Horsegram yellow mosaic virus was distinguished from Thailand mung bean yellow mosaic virus by its lack of sap transmissibility, ability to infect Arachis hypogaea, failure to react strongly with the probe for ACMV DNA‐2 and its pattern of reactions with the monoclonal antibodies.Structures resembling a ‘string of pearls’, but not geminate particles, were found in leaf extracts containing malvastrum yellow vein mosaic virus. Such extracts reacted with two of the monoclonal antibodies, suggesting that this whitefly‐transmitted virus too is a geminivirus. All seven viruses from India can therefore be considered whitefly‐transmitted geminiviruses.

Inoculation of cloned DNA of mung bean yellow mosaic virus into non-host tobacco protoplasts.

Inoculation of cloned DNA of mung bean yellow mosaic virus into non-host tobacco protoplasts.

Physical Mapping and Molecular Cloning of Mung Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus DNA

Viral single-stranded DNA of mung bean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) was converted to the double-stranded state in vitro, and physical mapping was carried out. The genome of MYMV was found to consist of two major components (designated as DNA 1 and DNA 2). In addition, some minor components were detected. Molecular cloning of the major components was carried out, using in vitro double-stranded DNA and replicative intermediate DNAs. DNA 1 is about 2.72 and DNA 2 about 2.67 kilobase pairs. No similarities were observed when the two restriction maps of DNA 1 and 2 were compared.

Serological Studies on Mung Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus

AbstractParticles of mung bean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) were purified by a method that yields up to 3 mg per kg of systemically infected Phaseolus vulgaris“Top Crop” and used to prepare antiserum. MYMV antiserum prepared gave a single precipitin line and had a titre of 1/512 with homologous virus in gel double‐diffusion tests. MYMV was shown to be serologically related to other whitefly‐transmitted viruses, bean golden mosaic virus, tobacco leaf curl virus and cassava latent virus.

The allelic relationship of genes giving resistance to mungbean yellow mosaic virus in blackgram

The allelic relationship of resistance genes for MYMV was studied in blackgram (V. mungo (L.) Hepper). The resistant donors to MYMV - 'Pant U84' and 'UPU 2', and their F1, F2 and F3 generations - were inoculated artificially using an insect vector, whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Genn.). The two recessive genes previously reported for resistance were found to be the same in both donors.

Single‐Stranded DNA in Mung Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus

Microbiology and ImmunologyVolume 29, Issue 8 p. 783-789 ArticleFree Access Single-Stranded DNA in Mung Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus Masato Ikegami, Masato Ikegami Nodai Research Institute, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156Search for more papers by this authorKazumori Yazaki, Kazumori Yazaki Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113Search for more papers by this authorYohachiro Honda, Yohachiro Honda National Agriculture Research Center, Yatabe, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305Search for more papers by this authorMitsuro Iwaki, Mitsuro Iwaki National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Yatabe, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305Search for more papers by this authorHiroshi Fujii, Hiroshi Fujii Department of Plant Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156Search for more papers by this authorTsuto Morinaga, Tsuto Morinaga Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113Search for more papers by this authorKin-Ichiro Miura, Kin-Ichiro Miura Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113Search for more papers by this author Masato Ikegami, Masato Ikegami Nodai Research Institute, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156Search for more papers by this authorKazumori Yazaki, Kazumori Yazaki Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113Search for more papers by this authorYohachiro Honda, Yohachiro Honda National Agriculture Research Center, Yatabe, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305Search for more papers by this authorMitsuro Iwaki, Mitsuro Iwaki National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Yatabe, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305Search for more papers by this authorHiroshi Fujii, Hiroshi Fujii Department of Plant Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156Search for more papers by this authorTsuto Morinaga, Tsuto Morinaga Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113Search for more papers by this authorKin-Ichiro Miura, Kin-Ichiro Miura Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113Search for more papers by this author First published: August 1985 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1348-0421.1985.tb00881.xCitations: 6AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat REFERENCES 1Barwise, A.H., and Walker, I.O. 1970. Studies on the DNA of a virus from Galleria mellonella. FEBS Lett. 6: 13– 16. 2Crawford, L.V. 1966. A minute virus of mice. Virology 29: 605– 612. 3Evenson, D.P. 1977. Electron microscopy of viral nucleic acids, p. 219– 264. In K. Maramorosch, and H. Koprowski (eds), Methods in virology, Vol. II, Academic Press, Inc., New York. 4Honda, Y., Iwaki, M., Saito, Y., Thongmecarkom, P., Kittisak, K., and Deema, N. 1983. Mechanical transmission, purification, and some properties of whitefly-borne mung bean yellow mosaic virus in Thailand. Plant Dis. 67: 801– 804. 5Ikegami, M., and Francki, R.I.B. 1975. Some properties of RNA from Fiji disease subviral particles. Virology: 64, 464– 470. 6Kim, K.S., Shock, T.L., and Goodman, R.M. 1978. Infection of Phaseolus vulgaris by bean golden mosaic virus: Ultrastructural aspects. 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Infectivity of virus-specific double-stranded DNA from tissue infected by mung bean yellow mosaic virus

A double-stranded (ds) DNA which may be a replicative intermediate was isolated from bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L. ‘Top Crop’) leaves systemically infected with mung bean yellow mosaic virus. The isolation method used phenol/chloroform extraction, hydroxyapatite column chromatography, and rate-zonal centrifugation. The dsDNA was a circular molecule and had sequences complementary to those of viral DNA. These molecules infected bean plants and typical symptoms of downward curling appeared.

CERTAIN PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES IN GREENGRAM PLANTS INFECTED BY MUNGBEAN YELLOW MOSAIC VIRUS

Infection of groengram plants by mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) caused significant reduction in number of pads per plant, seed yield and 100-seed weight. When healthy and infected leaves were compared a reduction in the contents of chlo- rophyll and functional chloroplast cells was evident in infected leaves. Soluble N and reducing sugars accumulated to a greater extent in infected then in healthy leaves. Photosynthetic rate was reduced in infected leaves in comparison with healthy ones.

Mechanical Transmission, Purification, and Some Properties of Whitefly-Borne Mung Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus in Thailand

Mechanical Transmission, Purification, and Some Properties of Whitefly-Borne Mung Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus in Thailand

Breeding for resistance to diseases in greengram and blackgram

This review is given on the origin and interrelationship of blackgram and greengram: the symptoms, mode of transmission, and host range of important diseases, namely: mungbean yellow mosaic virus, leaf crinkle virus, leaf curl virus, mosaic mottle virus, Cercospora leaf spot, powdery mildew, root and stem rots, bacterial leaf spot and halo blight. The screening for resistance, sources of resistance, including interspecific hybridization, and induced mutations, as well as the genetics of resistance are treated along with suggestions for future breeding strategies of these crops.

Inheritance of resistance to yellow mosaic virus in blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper)

The inheritance of resistance to mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) was studied in blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper). The highly resistant donors Pant U-84 and UPU-2 and a highly susceptible line, UL-2, their F1's, F2's and backcrosses were grown with spreader located every 5 to 6 rows. The resistance was found to be digenic and recessive in all the crosses and free from cytoplasmic effect.