Multivitamin Tablets Research Articles

Investigation of Retention Mechanism of B2 and B3 in Home-Made ZIC-HILIC Columns and Its Application for The Simultaneous Estimation in Multivitamin Tablets

In the present study, the retention behavior of two vitamins (B2 and B3) was investigated using a zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography technique (ZIC-HILIC) on two home-made columns, and two analytical methods for these vitamins were established as a result. Several chromatographic parameters were carefully investigated and optimized. The best separation was achieved on two new home-made columns (ZIC-1 and ZIC-3) employing acetonitrile/sodium acetate buffer as the mobile phase (40 mM, pH 4.75). The target vitamins were detected at 254 nm. In the ZIC-1 and ZIC-3 columns, the linear ranges of the target vitamins (B2 and B3) were 0.06-11.0 and 0.08-7.0 µg/mL, respectively. For both target vitamins, the detection and quantitation limits of the suggested methods were 0.011-0.055 and 0.033-0.166 µg/mL, respectively. They also showed high precision (RSD ≤ 0.93), linearity (r2 ≥ 0.9988), and recovery (between 99.0 and 101.71%). The suggested procedures have been validated and tested on multivitamin tablets, proving that they are suitable for analyzing food supplements for these tablets, and acceptable results were obtained for the study.

Investigating a Calcium Alginate-Xylitol Coating Methodology for Controlled Release Profiles of Multivitamin Tablet as a Model Drug

The drug delivery system promotes the release of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) to attain the desired therapeutic effect at the time most needed. Alginate is a natural polymer that is frequently employed in drug delivery systems. Calcium alginate can simply coat as a film type on the surface of a tablet, which might be created to be dissolved more quickly and predictably manners in the gastric fluid to deliver as needed in a patient-friendly system. In this study, the sodium alginate solution was reacted with a predetermined calcium compound and xylitol combination, while the multivitamin tablets’ surface was coated with calcium suppliers such as calcium chloride. Then, the coated tablets were subjected to a dissolution test in a simulated gastric fluid. Our study results showed that the sphere formation was excellent in terms of strength and size in 1.0% sodium alginate with 4% calcium chloride. Average sphere sizes were 0.5 ~ 2.0 mm. Their break force was 3.5 N, And the dissolution was the fastest in the coated tablets with 1% sodium alginate and calcium chloride. The dissolution rate was changed proportionally with calcium concentration. A high feasibility of dissolution rate was positively found. When a high concentration of xylitol was mixed with 4% calcium chloride, the dissolution rate was proportional to the concentration of xylitol. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that the dissolution rate of tablets with API might be controllable with the calcium alginate film coating with xylitol.

Applicability of polypropylene/polyethylene glycol/molecular sieve composites as desiccant pharmaceutical packaging materials

Pharmaceutical oral dosage forms are vulnerable to moisture-induced damage during transport and storage. This paper investigates the applicability of polypropylene (PP), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and molecular sieve (MS) as packaging materials, focusing on their moisture-absorbing properties, to mitigate this issue. PP/PEG/MS composites were developed in this study to replace conventional desiccants. These composites absorb moisture via hydrophilic channels, physically formed by PEG and MS. The efficacy of moisture absorption is influenced by the number of these PEG channels, functioning as molecular sieves. Increasing MS content in the composites led to decreased mechanical strength, attributed to an inhomogeneous interface with the PP. In storage tests, the composites effectively reduced moisture content and water activity, particularly in multivitamin tablet packaging. These results indicate that the PP/PEG/MS combination efficiently protects the hydration of pharmaceutical products and can be used as a packaging material.

Psychometric evaluation and medication usage pattern in Covid-19 patients: A retrospective study

Aim and objective: Assessing and evaluating Psychometric and medication usage patterns in COVID-19 patients retrospective study. assessing the post-COVID-19 subjects, evaluating the drug report in a post-COVID-19 subject, and measuring psychological status. Evaluation of the serious adverse reaction on the south-Indian population of the post-COVID-19 subject. Methodology: In which 150 subjects were taken and 127 participated. Inclusion criteria COVID-19 subject with adult age group, Patient was admitted and discharged before 3 months and above for COVID-19 with positive RT-PCR Report exclusion criteria patient who is recently tested for COVID-19 and pregnant women and lactating women and who are below the adult age group. Where follow-up is done to assess the psychometric evaluation it is a retrospective study with follow-up. Result: 127 patients were analyzed, in that there are 49 female subjects and 78 male subjects, therefore a total of 1 of 27 patients. The vaccination status of the subjects was analyzed with the data depleted. In that, 118 subjects were affected by Covid-19 before vaccination and only 9 subjects were affected after vaccination. In this pandemic, many subjects were Mentally stressed by their Neighborhood and 32 subjects were not stressed. The generalized anxiety disorder score shows that 15 subjects were currently experiencing low risk, 58 subjects were in the mild range, 32 subjects were in the moderate range and 22 subjects were in the mild range. The discharge medication data shows Vitamin C and Multivitamin tablets were prescribed nearly for 114-116 subjects, secondly, Pantoprazole was prescribed for 96 subjects, thirdly Prednisolone was prescribed for 96 subjects and Paracetamol was prescribed for 68 subjects. At last, other drugs are prescribed according to the Co-Morbidities of the subject. Conclusion: 127 patients were analyzed, in that there are 49 female subjects and 78 male subjects. 85 subjects were affected between ages 18-60 years whereas 42 subjects were affected above the age of 60 years. The vaccination and the non-vaccination status report shows that non-vaccinated people are affected more than vaccinated people. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) category depletes that the patients experienced mild to moderate levels of anxiety. The Pearson Chi-square value is 23.271 and the P value is <0.001. This shows the association between anxiety with COVID-19 patients. The Major Depression Inventory (MDI) score depletes severe depression which might be due to the pandemic situation, economic situation, and local restrictions. The Pearson Chi-square value is 70.572 and the P-value is <0.001 showing that there is an association between depression and COVID in patients. This shows that post-COVID-19 affected subjects are experiencing Psychological effects in many terms. These Psychological effects are due to COVID-19 and the intake of Steroids during the treatment and after discharge.

Effect of an Effervescent Multivitamin on Color and Surface Roughness of Micro-Hybrid Dental Resin Composites.

The use of multivitamins has become widespread globally, yet there is a scarcity of studies investigating their impact on resin composite restorations. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an effervescent multivitamin tablet on micro-hybrid dental resin composites' surface roughness and color. Fifty disc-shaped samples (8 × 2 mm, shade A2; n = 10) were prepared and polished using five different micro-hybrid resin composites (Pergamon, Dentac, Turkey; Estelite Posterior, Tokuyama, Japan; Geanial Anterior, GC, Japan; Charisma Opal, Kulzer, Germany; Beautifil II, Shofu, USA). Samples were immersed in 200 mL water to one effervescent multivitamin tablet (Redoxon Triple Action, Bayer) at 24 °C for 2 min a day in 24 h intervals for 30 days. All samples' surface roughness (Ra) and ΔE(L*a*b) measurements were recorded at the beginning and end of the 30 days. The Wald chi-square and a two-way ANOVA were used for statistical analysis (significance level p < 0.05). The resin composite type and exposure to the multivitamin had a statistically significant effect on Ra values (p < 0.05). The resin composite type had a statistically significant effect on ΔE values, likely due to the higher mean value of BII (p = 0.040). The surface roughness and color of resin composites can be affected by multivitamins with a pH value of 3.0. Therefore, it is important to consider the patient's routine vitamin intake during resin composite selection. Additional research is required to explore the properties of different dental restorative materials.

Disposable Stochastic Miniplatforms for Simultaneous Recognition and Determination of Vitamins B5, B7, and B9 in Food and Pharmaceutical Compounds.

Vitamins are essential for supporting daily physiological functions and are crucial for metabolic processes, including preventing vascular events and delaying the progression of diabetic nephropathy. The specific assessment of food and pharmaceutical compound quality requires the highly sensitive evaluation of vitamins B5, B7, and B9. Therefore, it is necessary to have a fast screening method for multivitamin tablets, pharmaceutical tablets, water, food, including raw egg yolk, and biological fluids, including urine, in order to ensure the precise identification and measurement of vitamins B5, B7, and B9. This paper introduces a novel disposable stochastic miniplatform that utilizes an incorporated 2D stochastic sensor to be able to simultaneously assay the three vitamins. Cobalt-phthalocyanine was used to modify the carbon film of the 2D sensor. High sensitivities (of 102-108 s-1 g-1 mL magnitude order) and low detection limits (of pg mL-1 magnitude order) were recorded for the disposable stochastic miniplatforms. The validation procedure involved the utilization of pharmaceutical tablets, supplement tablets, water samples, food samples, including raw egg yolk, and biological samples, specifically urine. The disposable stochastic miniplatforms demonstrate cost-effectiveness and suitability for the fast screening tests, with a time frame of 6 min, across a range of samples, a capacity of over 150 measurements, and an endurance of up to one month. Recovery values higher than 94.00% with RSD (%) values lower than 1.00 were recorded.

Role of Gabapentin in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Prospective Comparative Study.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of mortality among young individuals, accounting for 65% of deaths in road traffic accidents. Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) is a common syndrome associated with TBI. This study represents the first prospective investigation aimed at assessing the impact of gabapentin on TBI patients, focusing on the prevention of secondary brain injury and brain edema while enhancing the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). The study was conducted from September 2019 to July 2021 after receiving ethical committee approval. It included adult ICU patients (≥18 years) with moderate and severe GCS. Patients below 18 years, death within 48 hours, non-consenting, pregnant females, and individuals allergic to gabapentin were excluded from the study. Patients were randomly allocated in two groups: study group received 300 mg of gabapentin orally twice daily and control group received multivitamin tablets twice daily. The treatment period spanned 2 weeks. Follow-up occurred in the ICU and continued for up to 3 months post-discharge, including telephonic conversations. About 60 patients were involved for analysis. Significant differences were found in GCS change from admission to discharge, Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at 30 and 90 days, PSH episodes, and sedation bolus per day. Glasgow Coma Scale change was 53% in the study group compared with 25% in the control group (p = 0.009). Mortality was significantly lower in the study group. Glasgow Outcome Scale change between 30 and 90 days showed a 25% improvement in cases and no change in controls (p = 0.001). This pioneering study underscores the potential of gabapentin in managing traumatic brain injuries. Singh R, Ambasta S, Bais PS, Azim A, Kumar S, Upreti B, et al. Role of Gabapentin in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Prospective Comparative Study. Indian J Crit Care Med 2024;28(2):120-125.

Efficacy of oral alprazolam in the management of perioperative anxiety in dental implant surgeries: A randomized controlled study

ABSTRACT Objectives: Surgical anxiety has emerged as a major limitation of implant surgery impeding its emergence as a leading choice of rehabilitation. It also triggers a series of physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses which adversely affects treatment outcomes and postoperative management. Hence, this study was designed specifically to address anxiety in patients undergoing dental implant surgeries. Materials and Methods: This study included 54 partially edentulous patients requiring single-implant rehabilitation. The patients were randomly assigned to the test group (Alprazolam group) and control group (Placebo group). Twenty-seven patients (test group) received Alprazolam 0.5 mg as a preemptive anxiolytic and 27 patients (control group) received a multivitamin tablet as placebo 1 h before implant surgery. Heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate of patients were measured to access the activation of sympathetic nervous system. Results: Oral administration of Alprazolam 1 h before the procedure showed significant reduction in preoperative anxiety in patients undergoing surgical placement of dental implants. Conclusion: Anxiolytic effect of Alprazolam mediated by binding to the alpha 1 subunit of GABA A receptor enhances the inhibitory effect on the nervous system. Preoperative administration of alprazolam 0.5 mg h prior, conceivably be standardized for management of surgical anxiety.

Electrochemical detection of tryptophan in fish and pharmaceutical supplement at glassy carbon electrode modified with Fe doped ZnO nanoparticle

AbstractThe co‐precipitation approach was employed in this study to create Fe doped ZnO (Fe‐ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs). To characterize the synthesized NPs, Ultra violet‐Visible (UV‐Vis) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) were used. Here, a novel electrochemical approach for the detection of tryptophan (Trp) using a glassy carbon electrode modified with Fe‐ZnO NPs (Fe‐ZnO/GCE) is demonstrated. The research findings revealed that Fe‐ZnO/GCE enhanced the electron transfer rate of Trp oxidation. The sensitivity of Trp detection using Fe‐ZnO/GCE in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at pH 64.0 was significantly improved compared to bare GCE due to the electrocatalytic activity of Fe‐ZnO NPs. Fe‐ZnO/GCE exhibited a linear response with Trp concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 150 μM with the limit of detection (LOD) is 0.089 μM (3σ/m) and limit of quantification (LOQ) about 0.3 μM (10σ/m) using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). The Fe‐ZnO/GCE sensor was also effectively used to detect Trp in African catfish and multivitamin tablets. Trp analysis in real samples exhibited good recovery values of 89.60 to 99.15 %, demonstrating the accuracy and practicality of the method.

Nitrogen Defect-Rich Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Highly Sensitive Voltammetric Determination of Tryptophan.

Here, a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for detection of tryptophan (Trp) using a nitrogen defect graphitic carbon nitride-modified glassy carbon electrode (ND-CN/GCE) was introduced. ND-CN/GCE showed a higher oxidation current for Trp than the graphitic carbon nitride-modified glassy carbon electrode (g-CN/GCE) and bare glassy carbon electrode (BGCE). The synthesized nitrogen defect-rich graphitic carbon nitride (ND-CN) was characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry were used to further analyze the electrochemical properties of BGCE, g-CN/GCE, and ND-CN/GCE. The oxidation of Trp at ND-CN/GCE is a diffusion-controlled process at pH 3.0. It was calculated that the transfer coefficient, rate constant, and diffusion coefficient of Trp were 0.53, 2.24 × 103 M-1 s-1, and 8.3 × 10-3 cm2 s-1, respectively, at ND-CN/GCE. Trp was detected using square wave voltammetry, which had a linear range from 0.01 to 40 μM at pH 3.0 and a limit of detection of about 0.0034 μM (3σ/m). Analyzing the presence of Trp in a milk and multivitamin tablet sample with a percentage recovery in the range of 97.0-108% satisfactorily demonstrated the practical usability of the electrochemical sensor. The ND-CN/GCE additionally displays good repeatability and reproducibility and satisfactory selectivity.

Analytical Method Development and Validation of Lycopene Present in Multivitamin Tablets

Lycopene is an organic compound belonging to tetraterpene and a carotene category. Lycopene is a brick red carotenoid hydrocarbon found in tomatoes and other red fruits and vegetables. Lycopene is extracted from red fruit &amp; vegetables and found in two physical form Oily liquid &amp; granular solid powder form. Lycopene is also used as supplement with multivitamin formulated as tablets. An RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the Lycopene (Powder form or water suspendable form) in Multivitamin Tablets. The chromatographic system was equipped with C18 a stainless steel column 30 cm x 4.0 mm, packed with octadecylsilane chemically bonded to porous silica or ceramic micro particles (5µm) and wavelength set at 475 nm, in conjunction with a mobile phase of Methanol, Water and Tetrahydrofuran in the ratio of 66:4:30 % v/v at a flow rate of 1.5 ml/min. The retention time of Lycopene was found to be 6 min ±1 min. The separation was performed at ambient temperature. Linearity was observed in the concentration range of 80-120% with correlation coefficient 0.9999 and slope 75145.63 Percentage recovery obtained 99.06-101.83 %. The percentage Assay was found to be 100.25 to 102.61 %.The proposed method is precise, accurate, selective and rapid for the determination of lycopene (Powder form) in Multivitamin tablet. The proposed method is optimized and validated as per guidelines of WHO TRS 937 &amp; the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines.

Iron Determination in Multivitamin Tablets: Enhancing Military Nutritional Preparedness Based Linear Regression Method

AAS is also an important method that has the most extensive application in metal analysis. most of the determinations were carried out by thin spectrophotometry, therefore an experiment was carried out to determine the Fe content in multivitamin tablets using the atomic absorption spectrophotometry method has high selectivity and sensitivity. Standard solution preparation. Prepare a standard solution of Fe with a concentration of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 ppm, then read the absorbance of the standard solution on AAS. Sample solution preparation and absorbance measurement. Several tablets were put into a beaker and 7 ml of concentrated HCl was added working principle of atomic absorption spectrophotometry is based on the evaporation of the sample solution which will initially be nebulized to form a spray, then it will be desolvated to form a dry aerosol until it is evaporated and converted into free atoms.. Iron levels in samples using AAS can be found by measuring the intensity of the radiation that decreases after being transmitted. The reduction in radiation intensity is proportional to the concentration of the sample element in the sample being measured. By testing the t-test, it was found that the AAS instrument was more sensitive to low concentrations

Diagnosis and Treatment of Recurrent Herpes Labialis: A Case Report

Introduction:Reactivation of herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 can cause recurrent herpes labialis. This is a lesion that clinically consists of multiple vesicles that can break into erosive areas covered with crusts on the vermilion and surrounding skin. The lesions may recur, be triggered by systemic factors including; stress, menstruation, and local stimuli such as injury; sun exposure, and are usually preceded by prodromal symptoms. Case: a 44-year-old woman came to the Department of Oral Medicine at the Dental and Oral Hospital of the University of Jember with complaints of small blisters and peeling on the outer right corner of her mouth. The patient has had these complaints since 3 days, feels pain especially when eating and talking accompanied by not feeling well. The patient had experienced the same illness several years ago and relapsed again when experiencing stress and fatigue. The patient has no history of allergies, either to drugs or food. Treatment: Topical antiviral drugs are given in the form of 5% acyclovir cream and supportive therapy in the form of multivitamin tablets. Conclusion: Recurrent Herpes labialis caused by HSV-1 can be treated with topical antivirals drugs and multivitamin tablets.

A comparative evaluation of gabapentin and clonidine for attenuating pressor responses to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation in hypertensive patients-A prospective double-blinded clinical study

Background: Endotracheal intubation forms an indispensable part of general anesthesia. Various adjuvants have been added to diminish the hemodynamic stress response associated with it. These changes are more marked in hypertensive individuals. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of oral clonidine and oral gabapentin and their associated side effects if any; for attenuation of hemodynamic responses following laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation in hypertensive patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 108 hypertensive patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists grade II/III scheduled for elective surgeries requiring general anesthesia were randomly allocated into three groups receiving Group G Tablet gabapentin 800 mg, Group C Tablet clonidine 0.2 mg, and Group P placebo (multivitamin tablets) given 2 h before surgery with a sip of water. The hemodynamic parameters such as heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and adverse events during the perioperative period were noted. The statistical analysis was done by paired t-test, ANOVA, and Chi-square test and by SPSS22 software. Results: The demographic data were comparable in all three groups. There was no significant difference at baseline for HR, SBP, DBP, and MBP in all three groups. The mean HR was significantly lower in Group C as compared to Group G and Group P (P&lt;0.013). The mean SBP, DBP, and MBP was significantly lower in Groups C and G as compared to Group P (P&lt;0.01) before induction, after induction after laryngoscopy and intubation, then at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 min after intubation. Conclusion: Clonidine and gabapentin in the abovementioned doses can be safely used for attenuating hemodynamic stress response. Clonidine proved to have better hemodynamic stability and tends to be more effective in attenuating pressor response laryngoscopy and intubation in hypertensive patients when compared to gabapentin.

The proposition of an inexpensive chemically defined culture medium (MycoDef) for yeast studies

Chemically defined culture media (CDCMs) have their compositions qualitatively and quantitatively known. They are constituted of components able to meet the nutritional requirements of microorganisms. This study evaluated the employability of a multivitamin as the basis for the elaboration of a CDCM for experiments with yeasts. Candida albicans reference strains ATCC®90028™ and SC5314 were used. YNB® without amino acid (Difco Co.) was used as the standard in evaluations. For the preparation of the experimental culture medium (MycoDef), commercial multivitamin tablets had their coatings removed and were crushed until obtaining a fine powder; missing constituents were added. Comparisons were carried out evaluating aerobic and anaerobic planktonic growth rate, biofilm formation rate, whole-cell protein patterns by SDS-PAGE, minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimal fungicidal concentrations for clotrimazole, fluconazole, nystatin, and griseofulvin. Growth in MycoDef and YNB® did not differ between them (p&gt;0.05) in both normoxic and anoxic conditions. Regarding employability for sensitivity testing, MycoDef showed performance like YNB®. The protein profiles of cells grown on both media did not differ in the number and positioning of bands. The results obtained allowed us to infer that MycoDef is a reliable low-cost culture medium useful for trials involving C. albicans.

Development of a certified reference material for the analysis of vitamins in multivitamin tablets

Multivitamin tablet certified reference material (CRM, 108-10-019) was developed for the analysis of seven water-soluble vitamins, including thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinamide, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, biotin, and folic acid. The CRM was prepared in powder form by grinding multivitamin tablets and then mixing, sieving, and bottling the powder. For the certification of each water-soluble vitamin, the isotope dilution mass spectrometry based on the liquid chromatography was applied. The methods for each analyte were validated by confirming the repeatability and reproducibility and by comparing with other CRMs. The property values and uncertainties for the vitamins were determined with 10 units from sample stored at − 20 °C. The homogeneity of each certified component was also examined in the range of 0.48–2.2%. All certified values for the seven water-soluble vitamins were stable for 3 or 6 years after the initial certification under storage conditions at − 20 °C. For fat-soluble vitamins, including retinol, α-tocopherol, cholecalciferol, and phylloquinone, two expert laboratories participated in analyses based on official methods, and the mean values of the reported results were assigned as reference values. The multivitamin tablet CRM (108-10-019) will be useful for validating analytical methods and for ensuring the quality of results for vitamin analysis in multivitamin tablets or similar products.

Interrelation among one-carbon metabolic (OCM) pathway-related indicators and its impact on the occurence of pregnancy-induced hypertension disease in pregnant women supplemented with folate and vitamin B12: Real-world data analysis.

A considerable number of pregnant women who were supplemented with folate and vitamin B12 were selected as major participants in studying the one-carbon metabolic (OCM) pathway. Our study aimed to explore the effects of OCM-related indicators on pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and preeclampsia (PE) in pregnant women with folate and vitamin B12 supplementation. A total of 1,178 pregnant women who took multivitamin tablets containing 800 μg folate and 4 μg vitamin B12 daily from 3 months before pregnancy to 3 months after pregnancy were enrolled in this study. These pregnant women were classified into three groups: the normotensive group (n = 1,006), the PIH group (n = 131), and the PE group (n = 41). The information on age, weight, body mass index (BMI), number of embryos, gravidity, parity, and OCM-related indicators (serum level of homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B12; MTHFR C677T genotype) was collected. The accuracy of the prediction model based on the screened independent risk factors (hyperhomocysteine, OR = 1.170, 95% CI = 1.061-1.291; high folate status, OR = 1.018, 95% CI = 0.999-1.038; and high BMI, OR = 1.216, 95% CI = 1.140-1.297) for PIH in subjects with MTHFR CC genotype (AUC = 0.802) was obviously higher than that in subjects with MTHFR CT, TT genotype (AUC = 0.684,0.685, respectively) by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The homocysteine level of the PIH group was significantly higher than that of the normotensive group only in subjects with the MTHFR CC genotype (p = 0.005). A negative correlation between homocysteine and folate appeared in subjects with MTHFR CT + TT genotype (p = 0.005). A model including multiple embryos, nulliparas, and lower folate could predict the process from PIH to PE (AUC = 0.781, p < 0.0001). The prediction model composed of homocysteine, folate, and BMI for PIH was suitable for subjects with MTHFR CC genotype in pregnant women with supplementation of folate and vitamin B12. Lower folate levels could be an independent risk factor in developing the process from PIH to PE.

Efficacy of tolvaptan in reduction of kidney cyst volume and restoration of kidney function in ADPKD in tertiary care hospital

Background: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a frequent cause of end-stage renal disease. Despite improvements in blood pressure and conventional treatment, there seems not any significant impact on the need for renal replacement therapy in these cases. Inhibition of cyclic adenosine monophosphate pathway by tolvaptan was efficient in preclinical/animal studies and in clinical studies involving ADPKD patients; tolvaptan (vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist) has been recently released in the market to delay disease progression. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of tolvaptan in reduction of total kidney volume (TKV), total renal cyst volume, and decrease of progression of renal impairment and restoration of kidney function. Materials and Methods: We have screened 60 cases, of whom 54 were assigned to either tolvaptan group (36) or placebo (18). Overall 36 cases completed the trial (24 from tolvaptan group and 12 cases from placebo group). Estimated GFR (glomerular filtration rate) calculated and stages were noted. TKV and total cyst volume measured by ultrasonography at days 0, 30, 90, and 180 along with other vitals. The total number of patients enrolled was randomly divided into two broad groups by concealed envelop technique: Intervention group (with tolvaptan) and placebo or control group. The intervention group was given tolvaptan along with standard conventional management for ADPKD as per relevant stages. The placebo group was given placebo tablets with same size and color (multivitamin tablet) along with standard conventional management for ADPKD as per relevant stages. The periodic estimation of cyst volume, kidney volume, serum creatinine level, and estimated glomerular filtration rate recorded and analyzed with ANOVA method with confidence interval 95%. Results: Analysis of the data showed fewer ADPKD-related events per cases of follow-up with tolvaptan than with placebo. These results were confirmed by the analysis of the 1st time and after 6 months of study. Our data suggest that increase of TKV and total cyst volume was less in tolvaptan group as compared to placebo group. Overall, treatment effect on the growth of TKV was 0.219% per month with a P&lt;0.0001. Conclusions: The administration of tolvaptan for 6 months was associated with slowed kidney growth and functional decline and with a reduced frequency of ADPKD-related complications among patients with a relatively preserved GFR.

Assessing and contrasting the knowledge, attitude, and practices related to dietary supplements and micronutrients in medical students and interns of a tertiary care hospital

Background: In recent times, dietary supplements have started playing a very critical role in overcoming the micronutrient deficiencies in a person. The health and well-being of medical practitioners itself are also important for them to efficiently carry out their practice. Moreover, their knowledge, attitude and practices influence their prescribing and treating tendencies. This study will demonstrate how the science of dietary supplements has advanced in relation to a number of nutrients, such as Vitamin A, iron, calcium, and folic acid. The health-care practitioners knowledge, attitude, and practices influence their prescribing and treating tendencies. Aims and Objectives: This study is done to assess and contrast the Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Related to Dietary Supplements and Micronutrients in Medical Students and Interns of a Tertiary Care Hospital. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study conducted at a ESIC Medical College, KK Nagar, Chennai, which included 2nd year students and interns. A questionnaire containing questions that test theoretical knowledge of micronutrients, and assesses personal supplementation habits was prepared. All students within the sample were mailed the questionnaire and consent was sought electronically. Those not willing to give consent were excluded from the study. The responses of the questionnaire were linked to an Excel sheet and analyzed using Microsoft Access. During this process, utmost confidentiality of the information was maintained. Results: A total of 140 participants responded, with 82 of them undergoing phase 2 medical training and 58 of them undergoing internship. On the dietary front, 12.2% of 2nd year students as compared to 15.5% of CRMI students were vegetarian. About 34.1% of 2nd year students and 41.4% of CRMIs consumed nutrient supplements. About 14.7% of 2nd years and 10.3% of CRMIs consumed supplements daily. About 67.8% of 2nd year students and 54.1% of interns consumed dietary supplements after medical advice. Concerningly, 15.5% of all medical interns and 9.8% of all 2nd-year students self-prescribed health supplements. Most interns (54.1%) who consumed supplements did so to maintain adequate nutrition. Concerningly 42.8% of 2nd year students and 33.3% of interns consumed supplements to maintain good health. Vitamins either singly, or as multivitamin tablets were the most consumed supplements amongst both sections of the study group. Concerningly 48.8% of 2nd year students and 58.6% of interns felt that supplements are generally harmless; and around a third of both groups felt that health personnel should promote supplement use. Conclusion: Knowledge regarding micronutrient usage among medical students is good; however, there is scope for improvement, particularly in the area of micronutrient-related prevalent diseases. Both 2nd year students and CRMIs consumed nutrient supplements in lesser quantity and frequency than other health science student groups; and more than half of them did so after medical advice. Good health and nutrition were the main reasons for supplement consumption. Students and interns were quite favorable toward patient consumption of nutrient supplements. The teaching-learning process needs to address this.

Gold Nanoparticles/Nanographene-Based 3D Sensors Integrated in Mini-Platforms for Thiamine Detection.

Vitamins are essential for sustaining daily activities and perform crucial roles in metabolism, such as preventing vascular events and delaying the development of diabetic nephropathy. The ultrasensitive assessment of thiamine in foods is required for food quality evaluation. A mini-platform utilizing two 3D sensors based on nanographene and gold nanoparticles paste modified with protoporphyrin IX and protoporphyrin IX cobalt chloride is proposed for the detection of thiamine in blueberry syrup, multivitamin tablets, water, and a biological sample (urine). Differential pulse voltammetry was utilized for the characterization and validation of the suggested sensors. The sensor modified with protoporphyrin IX has a detection limit of 3.0 × 10-13 mol L-1 and a quantification limit of 1.0 × 10-12 mol L-1, whereas the sensor modified with protoporphyrin IX cobalt chloride has detection and quantification limits of 3.0 × 10-12 and 1.0 × 10-11 mol L-1, respectively. High recoveries (values greater than 95.00%) and low RSD (%) values (less than 5.00%) are recorded for both 3D sensors when used for the determination of thiamine in blueberry syrup, multivitamin tablets, water, and urine, demonstrating the 3D sensors' and suggested method's high reliability.