Multivitamin Tablets Research Articles

Nanocrystalline Metallosilicate Modified Electrodes for the Simultaneous, Sensitive, and Selective Determination of Riboflavin, Rutin, and Pyridoxine

AbstractNanocrystalline metallosilicate modified glassy carbon electrodes were fabricated for the simultaneous determination of vitamins. Among these, nanocrystalline zirconosilicate exhibited the highest activity with a linear range from 30 nM–500 µM for riboflavin and 120 nM–600 µM for rutin and pyridoxine. Sensitivity values of 2.8, 1.49, and 1.13 µA/µM cm2 and lower detection limits of 5 nM, 30 nM, and 30 nM for riboflavin, rutin, and pyridoxine, respectively, were found. The proposed sensor is stable and reproducible (RSD<3.5 %). The analytical performance of this sensor was demonstrated in the pharmaceutical preparations (multivitamin tablets) with satisfactory recovery (97–103 %).

Simultaneous in situ derivatization and ultrasound-assisted dispersive magnetic solid phase extraction for thiamine determination by spectrofluorimetry.

A simple and rapid method for the simultaneous in situ derivatizaion, preconcentration and extraction of thiamine (vitamin B1) as a model analyte was developed by a novel quantitative method, namely ultrasound-assisted dispersive magnetic solid phase extraction spectrofluorimetry (USA-DMSPE-FL) from different real samples. This method consists of sample preparation, in situ derivatization, exhaustive extraction and clean up by a single process. High extraction efficiency and in situ derivatization in a short period of time is the main advantages of this procedure. For this purpose, the reusable magnetic multi-wall carbon nanotube (MMWCNT) nanocomposite was used as an adsorbent for preconcentration and determination of thiamine. Thiamine was, simultaneously, in situ derivatized as thiochrome by potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) and adsorbed on MMWCNT in an ultrasonic water bath. The MMWCNTs were then collected using an external magnetic field. Subsequently, the extracted thiochrome was washed from the surface of the adsorbent and determined by spectrofluorimetry. The developed method, which has been analytically characterized under its optimal operating conditions, allows the detection of the analyte in the samples with method detection limits of 0.37 µg L(-1). The repeatability of the method, expressed as the relative standard deviation (RSD, n=6), varies between 2.0% and 4.8% in different real samples, while the enhancement factor is 197. The proposed procedure has been applied for the determination of thiamine in biological (serum and urine), pharmaceutical (multivitamin tablet and B complex syrup) and foodstuff samples (cereal, wheat flour, banana and honey) with the good recoveries in the range from 90% to 105%.

The Effectiveness of iron supplementation in the prevention of anemia during pregnancy

Iron deficiency is the most common known form of nutritional deficiencies. Its prevalence is highest among young children and women in the child bearing age, and pregnant women. In children, iron deficiency causes developmental delay and behavioral disturbances, while in pregnant women; it increases the risk of preterm delivery and low birth weight babies. Nutritional anemia refers to a condition in which the hemoglobin content of the blood is lower than normal as a result of a deficiency of one or more essential nutrients (usually iron, less frequently folate or vitamin B12). The national anemia control program in Oman has been in operation for many years. Pregnant women are provided by iron and folic acid supplement such as Fefol, Fersolate and folic acid and/or multivitamin tablets in the natal period (three whole 3 trimesters) and in the postnatal period. A new approach for the control of iron deficiency in pregnancy could be the weekly administration of iron and folic acid supplements, which has been proved very effective and has no side-effects.

A highly selective fluorescent probe for the determination of Se(IV) in multivitamin tablets

An inducible fluorescent ligand 2-(2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethyl)-3′,6′-bis(ethylamino)-2′,7′-dimethylspiro[isoindoline-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one was synthesized and used as a fluorescent probe to detect Se(IV). Se(IV) induced the structural transformation of the fluorescent ligand, resulting in a sharp fluorescence emission in an ethanol system. The fluorescence intensity observed was directly proportional to the concentration of Se ions. The detection limit of Se(IV) was 2.8×10−9molL−1 under optimized conditions. The Se(IV) concentrations in four multivitamins were determined, and have obtained a tiny deviation of 2% compared with the result detected by ICP-AES. The recovery of Se(IV) in four samples ranged from 98% to 103%.

VALIDATION OF FILM COATED MULTIVITAMIN TABLETS

The validation is fundamen tal segment that supports to a commitment of company towards quality assurance. It also assures that product meets its predetermined quality specification and quality. Validation of each steps of manufacturing during multivitamin tablet formula tion is call ed process validation of multivitamin tablets. During past film coating is not much favorable but now for multivitamin tablets film coating is used. The objective is to present a review and to discuss aspects of validation of film coated multivitamin table ts in terms of unit operations; that i s , those individual technical operations that comprise the various steps involved in product design and evaluation.

Study of Retention Mechanism of a Mixed-Mode Stationary Phase and Its Application for the Simultaneous Determination of Ten Water- and Fat-Soluble Vitamins by HPLC–UV

A novel mixed-mode stationary phase (OAS) has been prepared by bonding n-octyl and aminopropyl groups with the surface of silica gel. The obtained OAS stationary phase was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, zeta potential and ion-exchange capacity. The mixed-mode one-site and two-site retention models were used to quantitatively describe the retention mechanism of the OAS stationary phase using three strong acidic analytes. The results indicated that the two-site model is more suitable for the description of mechanism of OAS phase. Then the OAS stationary phase was applied to separate ten water- and fat-soluble vitamins in a single run; the separation is based on the hydrophobic and ionic interaction mechanisms. A method for the simultaneous determination of ten water- and fat-soluble vitamins in commercial multivitamin tablets by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection was established and validated according to the stability, linearity, accuracy and precision. Finally, the validated method was used to analyze the content of ten vitamins in two commercial multivitamin tablets and the recoveries were in the range of 89.2–111.0 %, with RSDs <6.1 %, indicating the good reliability of the proposed method.

Simultaneous separation of water‐ and fat‐soluble vitamins in isocratic pressure‐assisted capillary electrochromatography using a methacrylate‐based monolithic column

A method of simultaneous separation of water- and fat-soluble vitamins using pressure-assisted CEC with a methacrylate-based capillary monolithic column was developed. In the proposed method, water-soluble vitamins were mainly separated electrophoretically, while fat soluble-ones were separated chromatographically by the interaction with a methacrylate-based monolith. A mixture of six water-soluble and four fat-soluble vitamins was separated simultaneously within 20 min with an isocratic elution using 1 M formic acid (pH 1.9)/acetonitrile (30:70, v/v) containing 10 mM ammonium formate as a mobile phase. When the method was applied to a commercial multivitamin tablet and a spiked one, the vitamins were successfully analyzed, and no influence of the matrix contained in the tablet was observed.

Simultaneous and accurate determination of water- and fat-soluble vitamins in multivitamin tablets by using an RP-HPLC method

In the present study, a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) procedure was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of seven water-soluble vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, cyanocobalamin, ascorbic acid, folic acid, and p-aminobenzoic acid) and four fat-soluble vitamins (retinol acetate, cholecalciferol, α-tocopherol, and phytonadione) in multivitamin tablets. The linearity of the method was excellent (R² > 0.999) over the concentration range of 10 - 500 ng mL-1. The statistical evaluation of the method was carried out by performing the intra- and inter-day precision. The accuracy of the method was tested by measuring the average recovery; values ranged between 87.4% and 98.5% and were acceptable quantitative results that corresponded with the label claims.

A simple and sensitive LC-ICP-MS method for the accurate determination of vitamin B12 in fortified breakfast cereals and multivitamin tablets

A sensitive liquid chromatographic (LC) method coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has been developed for the determination of vitamin B12. The method was based on efficient isocratic separation with a mobile phase consisting of 20 mmol L−1 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in 25/75 methanol–water mixture (volume fractions) operating at a flow rate of 0.2 mL min−1. After LC separation, ionic cobalt (Co), cyanocobalamin, methylcobalamin, and hydroxocobalamin were measured as 59Co by ICP-MS. For Co as cyanocobalamin, the analyte of interest of this work, the method has shown good repeatability with relative standard deviation (RSD) of 3% for ten measurements and excellent linearity between 0.1 ng g−1 and 100 ng g−1 (linear regression, r2 > 0.999). The limit of detection (LOD) for cyanocobalamin was found to be less than 1 ng g−1, which permits the method to be employed for the determination of ultra-trace concentrations of vitamin B12 in various types of dietary supplements and fortified food products. Cyanocobalamin in aqueous solution was found to decompose under the ambient light of the laboratory; therefore, dark room conditions are required for the determination of vitamin B12 in the form of cyanocobalamin to minimize the photon-induced decomposition. To determine total Co in a commercial high-purity cyanocobalamin using direct ICP-MS measurement as part of an effort to characterize the chemical for use as a calibrant, it was observed that quantitative measurement of Co was achieved only through a complete acid digestion. The method was applied to the determination of vitamin B12 in Standard Reference Material (SRM) 3233 Fortified Breakfast Cereal. SRM 3280 Multivitamin/Multielement Tablet was used for quality assurance of the cereal sample measurements. The vitamin B12 value of (0.187 ± 0.016) mg kg−1 found in SRM 3233 was comparable to (0.219 ± 0.066) mg kg−1 obtained by Grocery Manufacturers Association's Food Industry Analytical Chemists Committee (FIACC) using microbiological assay. The (4.38 ± 0.05) mg kg−1 of vitamin B12 found in quality assurance samples of SRM 3280 was in good agreement with the certified values of (4.8 ± 1.0) mg kg−1.

Indian Clinical Experience on Innovative Product in Treatment of Male Infertility

ABSTRACT Rising number of infertile males in India provokes the need of evidence-based comprehensive formula addressing unattended causes of male infertility. There is an innovative product*, a combikit available in Indian market, containing 30 tablets of antioxidant, multivitamin, amino acid and mineral tablets, with documented evidence on ingredients in treatment of male infertility, and 25 tablets of clomiphene citrate which is a timetested drug in treatment of male infertility (in particular oligospermia and/or asthenospermia). In order to assess efficacy of the product in Indian infertile male patients, we undertook phase IV multicentric clinical study, at 18 centers across India in 100 patients. Very high couple pregnancy rate of 53% was reported. As first line treatment of male infertility (in particular oligospermia and/or asthenospermia), the use of this innovative product therefore holds a strong promise. How to cite this article Amin J, Mishra SK, Dutta AK, Kunwar K, Shinde VG, Chauhan A, Sud S, Maurya R, Nepal N, Sarode P, Biswas KP, Mazumder GP, Chitrabanshi M, Shibe S, Shukla R, Trivedi N, Dayal M, Sortey D, Shukla S, Gawade B. Indian Clinical Experience on Innovative Product in Treatment of Male Infertility. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2013;5(2):76-79.

Effect of multivitamin supplements on weight gain during pregnancy amongHIV‐negative women inTanzania

Multivitamin supplementation has been shown to reduce the risk of low birthweight. This effect could be mediated through gestational weight gain. However, the effect of multivitamin supplementation on weight gain during pregnancy has not been fully studied. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of multivitamins on pregnancy weight gain. We enrolled 8468 HIV-negative women from Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, in a randomised, placebo-controlled trial of multivitamins on birth outcomes. Women were randomly assigned to receive either a daily oral dose of multivitamin tablets or a placebo and were weighed every 4 weeks from enrolment until the last visit before delivery. Intent-to-treat analyses were carried out to examine the effects of multivitamins on pregnancy weight gain. Multivariate linear and binomial regression models with the log-link function were used to examine the association of weight gain during pregnancy to birthweight. The overall total weight gain was 253 g (SE: 69, P: 0.0003) more, while the overall 4 weekly weight gain was 59 g greater (SE: 18, P: 0.005) among women who received multivitamins compared to placebo. Women in the lowest quartile of gestational weight gain had babies with an average birthweight of 3030 g (SD: 524), while women in the highest quartile had babies weighing 3246 g (SD: 486), on average. Prenatal multivitamin supplements increased gestational weight gain, which was a significant predictor of birthweight.

Investigation of isotope dilution mass spectrometric (ID-MS) method to determine niacin in infant formula, breakfast cereals and multivitamins

An isotope dilution LC/mass spectrometric (ID-LC/MS) method was developed as a candidate reference method for the accurate determination of niacin in infant formula, breakfast cereals and multivitamin. After spiking nicotinamide-d4 as an internal standard, infant formula and breakfast cereal samples were hydrolysed under alkaline condition. Samples were then analysed in SRM mode to detect nicotinic acid and nicotinic acid-d4 at m/z 124→80 and 127→84, respectively. In the case of multivitamin sample that contains mainly free nicotinamide, LC/MS monitored nicotinamide and nicotinamide-d4 at their SRM channels of m/z 123→80 and m/z 127→84, respectively, after simple extraction. The repeatability and reproducibility were tested for the validation of the developed ID/LC–MS method. Additionally, the developed analytical method was applied to determine total niacin contents in homogenised infant formula, homogenised multivitamin, and commercially available products including different types of infant formula, breakfast cereals, and multivitamin tablets.

Evaluation of Cyanocobalamin in Multivitamin Tablets and Their Standard Reference Material 3280 by HPLC with Visible Detection

As a part of the development of an alternative to microbiological assay for vitamin B12, we performed a quantitative analysis of cyanocobalamin (CN-cbl) in a National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Material (SRM 3280) by HPLC. Using this method, the observed value (4.64 microg/g) of CN-cbl in SRM 3280 was found to be in good agreement with the certified value (4.80 microg/g). The accuracy was over 95%, with a corresponding measurement precision value of 5%. To evaluate the applicability of the method on commercial multivitamin tablets, the method was applied to a variety of these samples. The present method has a good accuracy and precision to evaluate CN-cbl with respect to all of the examined tablets.

No changes of cholesterol levels with a commercially available glucosamine product in patients treated with lipid lowering drugs: a controlled, randomised, open cross-over trial

BackgroundThe widespread use of natural health products is also a problem, as they could interact with prescribed drugs in patients. One commonly used product is glucosamine for osteoarthritis and some reports have found increased values of cholesterol and other lipids in patients treated with simvastatin for hypercholesterolemia. The aim of this trial was to investigate the effects of glucosamine on s-cholesterol levels (total s-cholesterol, s-HDL, s-LDL) in primary care patients on treatment with simvastatin or atorvastatin.MethodsControlled, randomized, open, crossover pharmacodynamic study in two primary health care centres. Patients were treated with Artrox® (glucosamine) 625 mg twice daily and control (a commercially available multivitamin tablet Vitamineral®). The study started with a run-in period of four weeks followed by control or active treatment with randomization of sealed envelopes. Each treatment period was four weeks and the treatment with simvastatin or atorvastatin was unchanged during the study (12 weeks). 34 patients were treated with a stable dose of simvastatin (n=21) or atorvastatin (n=13) for at least three months. Assessments of total s-cholesterol, s-HDL, S-LDL and s-triglycerides were performed in the morning with the patients in a fasting condition. T-tests for paired samples were used for statistical analyses and a p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Endpoints were the differences in lipid values at week 8 and week 12.ResultsAll patients completed the study. No significant changes were seen on any of lipid levels in the simvastatin group.ConclusionThe actual glucosamine product did not change lipid levels of patients treated with simvastatin. Atorvastatin group was too small for safe calculations but was also without changes.Trial registrationEUDRACT2006-001458-28

Spectrophotometric Determination of Iron(II) after Solid Phase Extraction of Its 2,2′ Bipyridine Complex on Silica Gel-Polyethylene Glycol

A new solid phase extraction procedure was developed for preconcentration of iron(II) using silica gel-polyethylene glycol (silica-PEG) as an adsorbent. The method is based on retention of iron(II) as 2,2′ bipyridine complex on silica-PEG. The retained complex is eluted by 1.0 mol L−1of sulfuric acid-acetone mixture (1:2) and its absorbance is measured at 518 nm, spectrophotometrically. The effects of different parameters such as pH, concentration of the reagent, eluting reagent, sample volume, amount of adsorbent, and interfering ions were investigated. The calibration graph was linear in the range of 1–60 ng mL−1of iron(II). The limit of detection based on3Sbwas 0.57 ng mL−1and relative standard deviations (R.S.D) for ten replicate measurements of 12 and 42 ng mL−1of iron(II) were 2.4 and 1.7%, respectively. The method was applied to the determination of of iron(II) in water, multivitamin tablet, and spinach samples.

Mean Serum 25 Hydroxy Vitamin D Levels Are Higher in Hemodialysis Subjects Given a Renal Multivitamin with Cholecalciferol at Dialysis

Objectives: Seventy six hemodialysis patients were used in a prospective randomized and clinical trial to determine if a multivitamin with vitamin D (cholecalciferol 12,000 IU/week) given during dialysis would improve the vitamin D status of hemodialysis (HD) subjects. Methods: Subjects were randomly assigned to two groups: 37 subjects were in the renal multivitamin without vitamin D (MV) group and 39 subjects were in a multivitamin route with vitamin D (MVD) group (12,000 IU of cholecalciferol per week). All subjects were given 2 multivitamin tablets at their 3 HD sessions each week for 20 weeks. Serum 25(OH)D, calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) levels were evaluated. Results: At baseline, mean serum 25(OH)D were below adequate ( 30 ng/mL at the end of the study. There were no significant differences in group values for serum Ca and P. Conclusion: The majority of HD subjects given a multivitamin with cholecalciferol at dialysis had improvement in their vitamin D status.

Bariatric surgery: nutritional considerations for patients

Nutritional deficiencies are common in patients who are obese and therefore individuals considering bariatric surgery may require dietary supplementation with multivitamins and minerals before surgery. Nutritional deficiencies following bariatric surgery are often proportional to the degree of malabsorption created by the surgical procedure or the extent of weight loss. Eating habits often contribute to nutritional deficiencies, so appropriate dietary and lifestyle counselling are essential following bariatric procedures to ensure appropriate macronutrient and micronutrient status. Nutritional supplementation following bariatric surgery commonly includes calcium with vitamin D, iron and vitamin B12 in addition to a daily multivitamin and mineral tablet. Although general guidelines exist, individual monitoring and tailoring are frequently required. This article provides an update of guidelines regarding the most common nutritional concerns and myths surrounding bariatric surgery.

Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of Cu(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) using ratio spectra-continuous wavelet transformation in some food and environmental samples

Ratio spectra-continuous wavelet transformation was used for the simultaneous determination of ternary mixtures of copper, cobalt and nickel without prior separation steps. The method is based on the complexation reaction of these cations with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) in triton X-100 micellar media at pH 8.0. The results showed that Cu(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) could be determined simultaneously in the ranges 0.20-4.0, 0.20-4.0 and 0.50-7.0 mg L-1, respectively. Different mother wavelets from the family of continuous wavelet transforms were selected and applied under the optimal conditions for multi-component determinations. The method was tested by analyzing various synthetic ternary mixtures of Cu(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) ions. Under the working conditions, the proposed method was successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of these metals content evaluation in some real samples including multivitamin tablet, tea, barley, spinach, chocolate, milk powder, soil, sea water and tap water samples.

Changes in the vitamin D endocrine system and bone turnover after oral vitamin D3 supplementation in healthy adults: results of a randomised trial

BackgroundThere is uncertainty as to which intake of vitamin D is needed to suppress PTH and maintain normal bone metabolism throughout winter at northern latitudes. We aimed to investigate whether four weeks’ daily supplementation with 10 μg vitamin D3 from fish oil produced a greater change in serum vitamin D metabolites, parathyroid hormone, and bone turnover in healthy adults compared with solid multivitamin tablets. Furthermore, it was studied whether age, gender, ethnic background, body mass index, or serum concentrations at baseline predicted the magnitude of change in these parameters.MethodsHealthy adults aged 19–48 years living in Oslo, Norway (59°N) were randomised to receive a daily dose of 10 μg vitamin D3 given as fish oil capsules or multivitamin tablets during four weeks in late winter. Serum samples from baseline and after 28 days were analysed for 25-hydroxyvitamin D (s-25(OH)D), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (s-1,25(OH)2D), intact parathyroid hormone (s-iPTH), and osteoclast-specific tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (s-TRACP). Fifty-five eligible participants completed the intervention (74% of those randomised).ResultsS-25(OH)D increased by mean 34.1 (SD 13.1) nmol/l, p < 0.001; s-iPTH decreased by mean 1.2 (SD 2.5) pmol/l, p = 0.001; s-1,25(OH)2D increased by mean 13 (SD 48) pmol/l, p = 0.057; and s-TRACP increased by mean 0.38 (SD 0.33) U/l, p < 0.001. For all these parameters, there was no difference between fish oil and multivitamin formulation. Baseline concentrations were the only independent predictors of changes in biochemical parameters.ConclusionsFour weeks of daily supplementation with 10 μg vitamin D3 decreased mean s-iPTH and increased s-TRACP concentration, and this did not differ by mode of administration. Our results suggest an increased bone resorption following vitamin D supplementation in young individuals, despite a decrease in parathyroid hormone levels.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01482689

School-based calcium–vitamin D with micronutrient supplementation enhances bone mass in underprivileged Indian premenarchal girls

Low adult bone mass is linked to osteoporosis and fractures and is dependent on the extent of childhood and adolescent bone mineralization. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of 1-year supplementation of calcium, multivitamin with zinc along with vitamin-D on bone mass accrual of school-going premenarchal girls from low income groups in Pune, India. Double-blind, matched-pair, cluster, randomization study was carried out in 214 premenarchal girls (8–12years) from 2 schools in Pune, India. The two schools together formed 3 classes with 3 clusters each of age-matched girls of which one cluster was allocated to either one of the intervention groups (Ca-group:500mg/d calcium, Ca+MZ-group:500mg/d calcium+multivitamin tablet containing 15mg/d zinc) or control group (C-group: multivitamin tablet without any minerals); all subjects received vitamin-D supplementation. Anthropometry, biochemical parameters, total body bone mineral content (TBBMC) and bone mineral density (TBBMD) (Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) were assessed at baseline and endline. Post supplementation, mean percent increase in TBBMC was significantly higher in Ca-group (22.3%) and Ca+MZ-group (20.8%) compared to C-group (17.6%) (p<0.05) with no significant differences observed between Ca+MZ and Ca groups (p>0.1). Improvement in TBBMC-for-age Z-scores was higher in the two calcium supplemented groups (13.6%–22%) compared to the C-group (no improvement). Calcium supplementation, with or without multivitamins and zinc, showed a promising improvement in bone health especially with regards to improvement in bone related Z-scores in our population of underprivileged premenarchal girls.