Multipurpose Function Research Articles

LED 및 자이로센서를 이용한 다기능 전자측량기준점 프로토타입 시스템의 성능비교에 관한 연구

In this paper, We proposes multipurpose function electronic measurement reference station prototype system based on LED and Gyro Sensor. This system have developed to possible with real time data collection and landscape illumination and surrounding diastrophism monitoring for that analyze problems of existing planted reference station. Hardware for the proposed system consists of a gyro sensor module to detect diastrophism, GPS module to process location information, environment sensor module to process surrounding environmental data and CDMA wireless data communication to send the collected data to server. In addition, this paper intends to enhance system management and future usability in a way that applies LED, QR-code, RFID and Solar cell module to outer side of electronic measurement reference station to improve usability of H/W for electronic measurement reference station. Lastly, this paper conducted current amount evaluation to supply stabilized electricity with its various functions in the proposed multipurpose function electronic measurement reference station and it`s proved that this system can be stably operated with its electricity loss factor of 2.29% loss factor. And this paper conducted a qualitative comparison with existing electronic measurement reference station system in order to evaluate superiority of the proposed electronic measurement reference station.

A simple model of storage control for a reservoir system using a novel intelligent state dropping mechanism

Dynamic programming (DP) models have been proposed by a number of researchers to develop optimal reservoir operation. In this paper, we propose to eliminate the fixed threshold values, specifically the maximum allowable release and reservoir storage from the DP model and replace them with dynamic dependent values calculated by a fuzzy inference engine. For this purpose, a simple model of DP is modified based on a novel intelligent state dropping (ISD) mechanism. The ISD mechanism is designed based on fuzzy logic theory. Although the proposed methodology is widely used for broadband satellite based internet protocol network congestion control, its application in water resources management has not been reported to date. Application of the ISD mechanism incorporates the inflow uncertainty in reservoir optimization model in a simpler way than the stochastic DP-based optimization models (SDP). Furthermore, the multi-purpose objective function of DP-model is changed to a single objective function. The simulation results showed that the newly proposed model reduces the shortfall in supplying demand and improves the reservoir operation performance indices, i.e., the reservoir reliability indices, as compared with the results by the DP and SDP models.

農業水利施設の維持管理作業に対する参加促進要因の考察

In the future, together with a declining workforce as a result of depopulation and an aging population in rural areas, the maintenance of agricultural water utilization facilities is expected to get difficult. Thus, cooperation with farmers and local residents is indispensable for its maintenance. In the present study, we analyzed and evaluated the awareness of local residents to participate in the maintenance of agricultural water utilization facilities, using a questionnaire survey. As a result, we found that many farmers regard the multi-purpose function of agricultural water utilization facilities as “necessary” or “good”. However, we also found that the intention to participate was not so high with regard to maintenance operations for improving the efficacy of the multi-purpose functions. This suggested the necessity of activities that focus on land improvement districts and administration in order to encourage the participation of farmers. Furthermore, among non-farmers, those who are aware of the existence of agricultural water utilization facilities' maintenance operations and participate in these operations are limited to people who are in some way connected to agriculture. However, it was also confirmed that people not involved in agriculture have the intention to participate in the maintenance operations. Therefore, increasing the interest of particularly those who are highly aware of this problem is an effective measure to ensure that more local residents participate in the operations.

地域住民の農業水利施設維持管理への参加要因

There is a demand for cooperation with farmers and local residents to maintain the irrigation and drainage facilities. In this study, we analyzed and evaluated the factor of local residents' participation in the maintenance works of irrigation and drainage facilities, using a questionnaire survey. As a result, we found that these are important to notify the works, to explain about the multi-purpose function of these facilities, and to plan the appropriate operation work for promoting local residents participate in the irrigation and drainage facilities' maintenance works.

Diversity and Evolution of the Thyroglobulin Type-1 Domain Superfamily

Multidomain proteins are gaining increasing consideration for their puzzling, flexible utilization in nature. The presence of the characteristic thyroglobulin type-1 (Tg1) domain as a protein module in a variety of multicellular organisms suggests pivotal roles for this building block. To gain insight into the evolution of Tg1 domains, we performed searches of protein, expressed sequence tag, and genome databases. Tg1 domains were found to be Metazoa specific, and we retrieved a total of 170 Tg1 domain-containing protein sequences. Their architectures revealed a wide taxonomic distribution of proteins containing Tg1 domains followed or preceded by secreted protein, acidic, rich in cysteines (SPARC)-type extracellular calcium-binding domains. Other proteins contained lineage-specific domain combinations of peptidase inhibitory modules or domains with different biological functions. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Tg1 domains are highly conserved within protein structures, whereas insertion into novel proteins is followed by rapid diversification. Seven different basic types of protein architecture containing the Tg1 domain were identified in vertebrates. We examined the evolution of these protein groups by combining Tg1 domain phylogeny with additional analyses based on other characteristic domains. Testicans and secreted modular calcium binding protein (SMOCs) evolved from invertebrate homologs by introduction of vertebrate-specific domains, nidogen evolved by insertion of a Tg1 domain into a preexisting architecture, and the remaining four have unique architectures. Thyroglobulin, Trops, and the major histocompatibility complex class II-associated invariant chain are vertebrate specific, while an insulin-like growth factor-binding protein and nidogen were also identified in urochordates. Among vertebrates, we observed differences in protein repertoires, which result from gene duplication and domain duplication. Members of five groups have been characterized at the molecular level. All exhibit subtle differences in their specificities and function either as peptidase inhibitors (thyropins), substrates, or both. As far as the sequence is concerned, only a few conserved residues were identified. In combination with structural data, our analysis shows that the Tg1 domain fold is highly adaptive and comprises a relatively well-conserved core surrounded by highly variable loops that account for its multipurpose function in the animal kingdom.

Roles and representations of systematic fine phonetic detail in speech understanding

This paper aims to show how we can make progress in elucidating how people understand speech by changing our focus of inquiry from abstraction of formal units of linguistic analysis to a detailed analysis of global aspects of the communicative situation, of which speech is just one part. It uses evidence of (a) the communicative importance of fine phonetic detail and (b) exemplar memory for speech to explore the idea that, in certain normal, easy conversations at least, one may interpret the meaning of an utterance directly from the global sound pattern; reference to formal linguistic units of analysis, such as phonemes, words, and grammar, is incidental; circumstances dictate whether such reference takes place at all, and if it takes place, whether it does so after the meaning has been understood, before it has been understood, or simultaneously with the construction of meaning. The implications of this position are that speech perception does not demand early reference to abstract linguistic units, but instead, to flexible, dynamic organization of multi-modal (and modality-specific) memories; and that models of speech perception should reflect the multi-purpose function of phonetic information, and the polysystemic nature of speech within language. A preliminary model that reflects this theoretical position, Polsyp, is described. Polysp has intellectual antecedents in Hebbian principles, and current relevance to adaptive resonance theory (ART). Neuronal bases for initial processing of exemplars are briefly discussed. Hierarchical and more abstract processing arises in an ART-like, self-organizing dynamic system in which, once processing has begun, the sensory input is not effectively distinguishable from top-down knowledge. Understanding meaning is more important than identifying linguistic structure, and processing is strongly guided by rhythmic and attentional factors.

Materials design in biology

The materials formed by organisms are often the products of hundreds of millions of years of fine-tuning by evolution. They thus incorporate some neat solutions to complex structural problems. Here, we examine four different mineralized biological materials that all appear to fulfill a multipurpose function. They are the crossed lamellar structure of mollusk shells, the skeleton of sea urchins, the lamellar bone type of vertebrates, and the biogenic silica deposited by a wide variety of organisms. They all have very different structures and compositions, but are all structurally designed to reduce the extent of mechanical anisotropy. The strategies for reducing anisotropy are manifold, including features that to date have not been incorporated into synthetic materials.

Assisting the assisted resonance at the Central Hall, York, UK

The Central Hall of the University of York was built in 1968 to seat 1200 people and to have a multipurpose function. To extend its acoustic flexibility an assisted resonance system was installed six years later. Some improvement resulted but the venue was still found unacceptable for performing serious music. Recently, the natural acoustics of the hall have been modified and the assisted resonance system reset and overhauled. The hall is now used successfully for public concerts by orchestras and performers of international standard. This paper describes the problems that had to be overcome in achieving this final condition, and the programme of remedial measures which were completed in early 1985. The remedial measures included an overstage orchestral reflector, treatment to reduce the amount of absorption in the hall so as to increase the natural reverberation, and the overhaul of the assisted resonance system. Details are also given of objective testing in the hall before and after modification, and with and without the assisted resonance system. These illustrate the changes resulting from the physical and electroacoustic elements of the remedial works.

Triggered multi-purpose controllable function generator

The paper presents the design and implementation of a novel multi-purpose function generator, in which the frequency of oscillation can be controlled by an external signal. It can be readily modified to allow triggered or gated operation. Various types of waveforms are provided, such as sine, square, triangular, sawtooth, pulse, TTL square and monitor waveforms. The function generator provides low-distortion outputs from lmHz to 1 MHz in nine controlled ranges. The output waveforms are calibrated 0 to 20V pk-pk with DC offset control. Input and output impedances are 10 kΩ and 600 Ω, respectively. The function generator has sweep capabilities conveniently built in that simplify setting up start and stop frequencies.

Multi-purpose controllable function generator

ABSTRACT This paper deals with the design and implementation of a new multi-purpose function generator, in which the frequency of oscillation can be controlled by an external signal. It provides different types of waveforms such as sine, square, triangle, TTL square and monitor waveforms. The TTL square and monitor waveforms are provided for use respectively as a clock to logic circuits and for various timebase applications. The function generator provides low-distortion outputs from 1 MHz to 1 MHz in nine controlled ranges. The output waveforms are calibrated 0-20 V pk-pk with DC offset control. Input and output impedances are 10Ω and 600Ω, respectively.

Military requirements for water supply

The U.S. Army Mobility Equipment Research and Development Command is developing transportable reverse osmosis (RO) equipment to produce potable water from fresh, brackish and sea water sources and to remove chemical and radiological contaminants from these waters. Of the various water purification processes available the Army has determined that reverse osmosis has the greatest potential for achieving this multi-purpose function. A 600 gallon per hour (gph) trailer mounted unit, the smallest unit in a family of equipment to be developed, has undergone field testing producing potable water at rated capacity from the turbid Potomac River, a brackish well supply, and the Atlantic Ocean. In addition, the unit has successfully removed three toxic chemical agents from a natural water source. Principle components of the unit are a multi-media filter using the addition of cationic polyelectrolyte to aid preclarification of the water and 10 pressure vessels containing 20 spiral wound reverse osmosis elements. Special dry cellulose acetate membranes have been developed that have been found successful on fresh and brackish water operations in which the feed water is prechlorinated. The CA elements are wet-dry reversible so that the unit may be completely drained for transport and freezing environments. Replacement or spare elements may be stored in a dry condition without impairing membrane performance. In addition, a physically interchangeable dry polyamide (PA-300) RO element has been successfully used to produce drinking water in a single pass from sea water.