Multiple Transformations Research Articles

Coaxial dual-beam wavefront shaping using nonlocal diffractive metasurfaces in terahertz frequencies.

Metasurfaces for wavefront shaping rely on local phase modulation in subwavelength unit cells, which show limited degree of freedom in dealing with complex and multiple beam transformation. Here, we assign multiple beams into different diffraction orders coaxially located along the same direction, whose wavefronts are tailored by optimizing the diffraction coefficients in two orders and two polarization states of a supercell. By evenly splitting the energy into two orders and adjusting the zeroth-order diffraction phase, a Bessel beam and a vortex beam are simultaneously generated in the near field and far field along a coaxial direction. The effectiveness of the method is validated by the excellent agreement between the simulation and experimental characterization of the two beams.

A simple construction of the dynamical Φ⁴₃ model

The Φ 3 4 \Phi ^4_3 equation is a singular stochastic PDE with important applications in mathematical physics. Its solution usually requires advanced mathematical theories like regularity structures or paracontrolled distributions, and even local well-posedness is highly nontrivial. Here we propose a multiplicative transformation to reduce the periodic Φ 3 4 \Phi ^4_3 equation to a well-posed random PDE. This leads to a simple and elementary proof of global well-posedness, which only relies on Schauder estimates, the maximum principle, and basic estimates for paraproducts, and in particular does not need regularity structures or paracontrolled distributions.

Multiple Facets of Borderwork. Urban Actors Between Migrants’ Struggles and State Control

ABSTRACT In this article, we investigate the roles of urban actors supporting migrants’ struggles and confronting state control, focusing on the fields of family reunification and access to health care in the city of Frankfurt am Main. We bring together insights from border studies, street-level theory, and social policy and social work literature to elaborate on the notions of ‘urban border space’ and borderwork to offer a new theorisation on ‘where the border is’ and ‘who makes the border’. Multiple transformations that have taken place in border control and the welfare state regime have led to diverse engagement on the part of civil society towards migrants, particularly in cities. City authorities, in turn, enforce the border, yet also respond to migrants’ exclusion. Here, devolution and collaboration between city and civil society organisations have partly blurred the line between different types of urban actors. Our analysis identifies four roles within urban actors’ borderwork – brokerage, advocacy, direct care and gatekeeping –, each of which is associated with a different relationship with state migration control. We thus argue that the supposed dichotomous relationship between state (re-)bordering and civil society de-bordering is too simplistic and that urban actors’ roles in borderwork are instead multifaceted.

Biopolitics, care and the transformations of a large institution for children with disabilities in Romania from 1956 to 2015

ABSTRACT This paper connects research on deinstitutionalization as a dominant paradigm in service provision for children and adults with disabilities to the research on transformations from state socialism to neoliberal capitalism in a long durée perspective. It focuses on the transformations of care practices and infrastructures in terms of biopolitical shifts. By building on ethnographic fieldwork surrounding a now closed neuropsychiatric hospital for children in Romania, interviews and informal conversations with formerly institutionalized children from the institution, carers, professionals and volunteers, it traces both the transformations of the institution and its follow-up services from the 1950s to 2015, as well as the practices prevalent in these institutions and the ways in which these reflected dominant moral and political orders and how they were enacted in everyday life. It concludes that although biopolitical infrastructures and practices have changed greatly during the period under study, continuities can be observed in the ways in which productivist logics still work to exclude as well as include people with disabilities – thus perpetuating practices of hierarchization in relation to social inclusion based on economic criteria. Moreover, biopolitical shifts were not linear, but involved contradictory movements and logics, and entanglements of multiple transformation processes.

MuTrans: Multiple Transformers for Fusing Feature Pyramid on 2D and 3D Object Detection.

One of the major components of the neural network, the feature pyramid plays a vital part in perception tasks, like object detection in autonomous driving. But it is a challenge to fuse multi-level and multi-sensor feature pyramids for object detection. This paper proposes a simple yet effective framework named MuTrans (Multiple Transformers) to fuse feature pyramid in single-stream 2D detector or two-stream 3D detector. The MuTrans based on encoder-decoder focuses on the significant features via multiple Transformers. MuTrans encoder uses three innovative self-attention mechanisms: Spatial-wise BoxAlign attention (SB) for low-level spatial locations, Context-wise Affinity attention (CA) for high-level context information, and high-level attention for multi-level features. Then MuTrans decoder processes these significant proposals including the RoI and context affinity. Besides, the Low and High-level Fusion (LHF) in the encoder reduces the number of computational parameters. And the Pre-LN [1] is utilized to accelerate the training convergence. LHF and Pre-LN are proven to reduce self-attention's computational complexity and slow training convergence. Our result demonstrates the higher detection accuracy of MuTrans than that of the baseline method, particularly in small object detection. MuTrans demonstrates a 2.1 higher detection accuracy on APS index in small object detection on MS-COCO 2017 with ResNeXt-101 backbone, a 2.18 higher 3D detection accuracy (moderate difficulty) for small object-pedestrian on KITTI, and 6.85 higher RC index (Town05 Long) on CARLA urban driving simulator platform.

Москвіченко І. М., Стаднік В. Г., Коросан А. П. ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЯКОСТІ ПОСЛУГ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ ДОСТАВКИ КОНТЕЙНЕРНИХ ВАНТАЖІВ КОМПАНІЯМИ ЛОГІСТИЧНОГО АУТСОРСИНГУ З УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ МОРСЬКОЇ БЛОКАДИ ПОРТІВ

Annotation. The purpose of the article is to develop theoretical and applied approaches to selecting effective supply chains for container cargo by logistics outsourcing companies from Ukraine in the context of the sea blockade of ports. Research methodology. The goal set in the article is achieved using the following research methods: logical generalization and scientific abstraction, structural analysis, and the analytical method. Findings. The cost of various container export delivery schemes through European seaports with cargo delivery to the port of departure by various modes of transport was calculated. As a result, the most efficient delivery scheme was chosen - the export of containers with Ukrainian grain through the Port of Gdynia to the port of Xingang by rail, which is offered by Western Container Terminal LLC, using the sea freight tariff of the Hapag-Lloyd container line. At the current stage, the existence of Ukrainian logistics companies depends on the development of the most variable transport delivery schemes, so the prospects for further research are in the use of dynamic simulation modeling of supply chains, for example, using the AnyLogistix platform, which combines analytical optimization and dynamic modeling in one platform. Dynamic modeling makes it easy to experiment with your supply chain and choose the best solutions to implement. A dynamic simulation model can serve as a digital double of the supply chain, which allows you to experiment with improvements and track all important indicators: costs, revenue, inventory dynamics, service quality, bullwhip effect, capacity, inbound/outbound orders. Logistics outsourcing companies will be able to test multiple supply chain transformation scenarios, vary parameters, and make business decisions based on testing and evaluating results in a risk-free virtual environment. Practical value. The practical use of the proposed theoretical and applied approaches will improve the effectiveness and quality of services of Ukrainian logistics outsourcing companies. Logistics companies can test multiple supply chain transformation scenarios, vary parameters, and make business decisions based on testing and evaluating results in a risk-free virtual environment.

Orthogonal AMP for Problems With Multiple Measurement Vectors and/or Multiple Transforms

Orthogonal AMP for Problems With Multiple Measurement Vectors and/or Multiple Transforms

RAW ATTITUDES: Socio-Cultures, Altered Landscapes, and Changing Perceptions of an Underestimated Disease.

Raw attitudes relate to the food cultures, eating habits, and behaviours of people in relation to the consumption of raw, partially cooked, and fermented freshwater fish dishes, which puts people at risk of Ophistochis viverrini and other parasitic infections. The chapter reviews raw attitudes within the countries and across the borders of the greater Mekong region, particularly northeast Thailand, Lao PDR, Vietnam, and Cambodia. Rather than treat each nation-state as an isolated epidemiological box, the chapter explores transborder complexity in relation to multiple anthropogenic transformations to the landscapes of the region and developmental impacts upon ecosystems and lifecycles. Economic projects such as multiple hydropower dams, irrigation schemes, water-diversions, roads, and aquaculture ponds have significant impacts on FTZ life-cycle dynamics. In addition, many ecological changes are transboundary ones, and there are added complications relating human mobility, altered agrarian landscapes, and significant numbers of migrant workers. The chapter also examines public health programmes and educational interventions which are altering perceptions of O. viverrini and cholangiocarcinoma over time. A key argument is the need for transdisciplinary scientific and social science strategies alongside multi-pronged health interventions, such as 'the CASCAP model'. There exist many unknowns and gaps relating to widespread anthropogenic modifications upon lifecycles, upon lifestyles, livelihoods, and human behaviours, which require research projects that span socio-economic, ecological, geographical, and public health dynamics of disease.

Single electron transfer catalysis by diphenylthiourea under visible light photoredox conditions

Diphenylthiourea, upon deprotonation and subsequent photoexcitation, has been shown to reductively cleave an aryl bromide bond, paving the way for multiple chemical transformations.

The biocreativity of intuitions, young planets with humans; imprinting, homosexuality, sexual abuse, stuttering and autism

The human body contains a second component that we call bioenergeme (BEG) and a third virtual or temporary component that we call biointerfaceme. For BEG research, the way in which it establishes bioenergemal (BEL; relating to BEG) communication with other BEGs (personal components of organized BEL energy) forms the main procedure that has enabled us to clarify that when the human or other organism body biocollapses (dies), the BEG detaches and passes from the biomaterial universe (BML; three-dimensional) in which we find ourselves to the BEL universe (possible fifth dimension), to which all BEGs of all biospecies arrive. For this, we assume that the BEG, together with the biointerfaceme, pass through the biointerfacemal universe (BIFL; fourth dimension) where the BEG detaches from it before entering the BEL universe. The set of universes BML, BIFL and BEL form what we call the unit universe (UU) [Ints 03/15/2023]. The BEL communication between BEGs and the bio-exchange of innumerable intuitions form a BEL set or bioset that, because it is so frequent, repetitive and forceful, acquires an undeniable and essential relevance. Ignoring this set, collective or intuitional network has been the rule in the history of terrestrial humanity, but now we are in a position to accept, study and know its implications, degree of influence and BEL participation in the UU. Trying to answer, among others, questions like: What properties does this intuitional set have? What BEL functions does it have? And, how does it participate in the multiple BEL interactions, innovations, transformations and creativity of the various BEL systems, ecosystems and environments of the UU?5-6 Through the Innovative BEL Instrument, and with the support of Linus Pauling and Stephen Hawking, we were able to substantiate that the history of sexual and gender abuse, in 100 women and 100 men, all of them completely homosexual, is more frequent than is supposed, leaving a permanent homosexual imprinting. Likewise, sexual abuse of babies can affect the natural learning of language, leaving the imprinting of stuttering and even altering social relationships and the physical-emotional development that the boy or girl would have to present, causing the imprinting of autism. The BEG is also damaged, leaving at least the three anomalous imprintings described [Ints 03/19/2023].

A Practical Guide to 16S rRNA Microbiome Analysis in Musculoskeletal Disorders.

Microbial taxonomic assignment based on 16S marker gene amplification requires multiple data transformations, often encompassing the use of a variety of computational platforms. Bioinformatics analysis may represent a bottleneck for researchers as many tools require programmatic access in order to implement the software. Here we describe a step-by-step approach for taxonomic assignment using QIIME2 and highlight the utility of graphical-based microbiome tools for further analysis and identification of biological relevant taxa with reference to an outcome of interest.

Stability Assessment of a High-Voltage DC Transmission System Using MIMO- and SISO-Based Impedances

Grid-connected inverters used in High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission systems, which have become increasingly popular worldwide in recent years, employ a variety of control methods for each frequency band, and resonances can occur between multiple control devices within a device or between multiple devices placed in close proximity. Practical impedance-based data-driven methods, rather than linear approximation models, are becoming widely used for these stability analyses. On the other hand, HVDC transmission systems require multiple domain transformations between synchronous and stationary reference frames. Therefore, in this study, both Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) analysis using impedances on the direct-quadrature (dq) synchronous frame and Single-Input Single-Output (SISO) analysis using positive and negative sequence impedances on the stationary reference frame were performed. Consequently, the two unstable frequencies identified in the eigenvalue trajectories for the dq impedance were also identified within a single Nyquist plot for the sequence domain impedance, validating both the unstable frequencies observed in the dq domain. These frequencies suggest that weak AC systems on the generation side of the HVDC transmission system may be causing instability in the DC transmission lines and AC systems on the demand side. Additionally, the results of this study also suggest that the introduction of an advanced inverter control method, called the Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG) control method, in the grid-connected inverter on the receiving side may mitigate the effects of having weak AC systems on the generation side.

Inverse Image Frequency for Long-Tailed Image Recognition.

The long-tailed distribution is a common phenomenon in the real world. Extracted large scale image datasets inevitably demonstrate the long-tailed property and models trained with imbalanced data can obtain high performance for the over-represented categories, but struggle for the under-represented categories, leading to biased predictions and performance degradation. To address this challenge, we propose a novel de-biasing method named Inverse Image Frequency (IIF). IIF is a multiplicative margin adjustment transformation of the logits in the classification layer of a convolutional neural network. Our method achieves stronger performance than similar works and it is especially useful for downstream tasks such as long-tailed instance segmentation as it produces fewer false positive detections. Our extensive experiments show that IIF surpasses the state of the art on many long-tailed benchmarks such as ImageNet-LT, CIFAR-LT, Places-LT and LVIS, reaching 55.8% top-1 accuracy with ResNet50 on ImageNet-LT and 26.3% segmentation AP with MaskRCNN ResNet50 on LVIS. Code available at https://github.com/kostas1515/iif.

Energy for Free in Spark-gap Earthing Circuits

In this paper, we study spark-gap earthing electrical circuits and show that such circuit’s power is greater than the power required to operate the circuit. In the simplest form of such circuits, the energy is captured in coils that are just branched transformers, each having just one wire connection to the main circuit, where the transformers are Tesla coils or pancake transformers or toroid transformers; working also are circuits with multiple such transformers connected in a series in the main circuit, or combinations of branched, parallel and series connected transformers. The spark gap and earthing are essential. The device’s power, [Formula: see text], is linear with the PSU frequency and square with the PSU voltage, [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] represents various electrical and geometrical constants in the system, yet also the PSU amperage. In high enough PSU currents, [Formula: see text] can also increase [Formula: see text], where resonance might further increase the cultivated additional power. By utilizing the spin property of electrons, we explain that the additional energy is due to the decrease in the entropy of the combined system: (1) [Formula: see text] in the spark gap, and (2) [Formula: see text] of metal in the grounding; this is in favor of the increase in the electromagnetic energy of the circuit just. We develop such a free energy device that requires just [Formula: see text]W to operate yet can produce about 950[Formula: see text]W.

Associating multiple vision transformer layers for fine-grained image representation

- Accurate discriminative region proposal has an important effect for fine-grained image recognition. The vision transformer (ViT) brings about a striking effect in computer vision due to its innate multi-head self-attention mechanism. However, the attention maps are gradually similar after certain layers, and since ViT used a classification token to achieve classification, it is unable to effectively select discriminative image patches for fine-grained image classification. To accurately detect discriminative regions, we propose a novel network AMTrans, which efficiently increases layers to learn diverse features and utilizes integrated raw attention maps to capture more salient features. Specifically, we employ DeepViT as backbone to solve the attention collapse issue. Then, we fuse each head attention weight within each layer to produce an attention weight map. After that, we alternatively use recurrent residual refinement blocks to promote salient feature and then utilize the semantic grouping method to propose the discriminative feature region. A lot of experiments prove that AMTrans acquires the SOTA performance on four widely used fine-grained datasets under the same settings, involving Stanford-Cars, Stanford-Dogs, CUB-200-2011, and ImageNet.

Automated Construction of Mesoscopic Railway Infrastructure Models Supporting Station Throat Capacity Assessment

Assessment of the traffic capacity of a rail infrastructure involved within railway stations is one of the basic components of the rail transport planning process. An important part of the rail infrastructure in the stations is station throat, which typically comprises many switches and track crossings. Station throat acts as operating bottleneck that frequently has the largest impact on the station’s traffic capacity. The capacity of a station throat is often conveniently assessed based on the use of mesoscopic computer simulation. This requires (among other things) a suitable submodel of the throat infrastructure to be set up. This article presents innovative algorithms for the automated creation of mesoscopic target model of station throat based on consecutive transformations of an initial (intuitive) microscopic model. Compared to the hitherto used manual process, the automated procedure accelerates the construction of the target station throat model and eliminates its structural errors. The applied research method is based both on the original design of the target mathematical model graph (a vertex-weighted directed graph) for the representation of the station throat infrastructure and on the design and verification of innovative graph algorithms that perform multiple aggregation transformations of this model in order to perform its maximum admissible topological simplification. The results of the research conducted have helped to enhance and efficiently use the station throat capacity assessment methodology. The use of the algorithms is demonstrated in a case study concerning station throats within a minor railway station in the Czech Republic.

Mode-varying Cell Equalizer Based on Interleaved Parallel Multiple Transformers

Mode-varying Cell Equalizer Based on Interleaved Parallel Multiple Transformers

Differential Power Processing Converter With Active Clamp Structure and Integrated Planar Transformer for Power Generation Optimization of Multiple Photovoltaic Submodules

In recent years, in order to improve the fuel efficiency of electric vehicles, a lot of research has been conducted to adopt photovoltaic (PV) systems to electric vehicles. In addition, various Differential Power Processing (DPP) converters that can mitigate power imbalance among submodules in PV systems are being studied and developed. However, most conventional DPP converters suffer from large volume, low-price competitiveness, and low efficiency. Therefore, in this paper proposes a novel DPP converter. The proposed DPP converter can significantly reduce the volume of converter by integrating multiple transformers into single transformer. Moreover, because of the active clamp structure, it is possible to eliminate secondary side circuits. Furthermore, more than 95% efficiency under 10-60% load and maximum 96.654% efficiency about 20% load were achieved. Thus, the proposed DPP converter can achieve high power density, high price competitiveness, as well as high efficiency. To support the validity of the proposed converter, a prototype of the proposed DPP converter was built, and experiments were proceeded with 8V input and 60W/30V output specifications.

Longwall top coal fall index from an integrated numerical and statistical analysis

Assessment of top coal fall potential is of great importance for sustainable longwall caving mining. However, available assessment tools/indices for the fall are applicable to roof rock only, and their use for top coal (whose geological structures may be different) can be inappropriate. This paper presents a new index for top coal fall in longwall mining where the fall is controlled by the cantilever effect. The index is developed from an integrated numerical and statistical analysis using the database from Ha Lam coal mine in Vietnam. The numerical analysis reveals that the strength and stiffness of in-seam discrete fractures and coal’s elastic modulus are inversely proportional to top coal fall. Meanwhile, the density of discrete fractures and seam depth are found to be directly proportional to the fall. A procedure for the development of assessment equation for top coal is established using single and multiple regressions and model transformation technique. A new assessment index for longwall top coal fall named Fall Index (FI) is proposed, taking coal elastic modulus, fracture density, fracture friction angle, fracture stiffness and seam depth as input parameters. The study also reveals that statistically seam depth has the most significant effect while fracture density and fracture strength show the least significant effect on top coal fall. At the same time, coal’s elastic modulus and fracture stiffness play similar roles in the fall. The results from this paper assist engineers in better assessing top coal fall potential and subsequently better controlling longwall stability for various geological conditions in mine design.

Experience in annotating connectives in Japanese text – lessons and prospects

This paper offers an overview of an attempt to annotate a text in Japanese with the aim of pointing out all possible connections between elementary chunks of discourse, and the connective devices marking them. Being the first experience in Japanese, it asks for a certain adjustment of the annotation rules already used in the existing schools. This primarily touches upon what entities are connected and also upon the definition of a connective. Furthermore, semantic areas covered by connectives also need correction if reviewed through an in-depth analysis of the speaker’s intentions. The obstacles met while carrying out the annotation, and the pervasive patterns revealed, focus around two linguistic factors. On the one hand, structural specifics of the Japanese language cause the speaker to forego multiple transformations warping the surface structure in order to attain linear development of his line of discourse. On the other hand, the genre of the linguistic material (a lecture in tourism marketing) is largely accountable for dominating Causality and Discourse Deployment areas of connectives. It is through those that a higher level of pragmatic motivation is achieved in the explicit markers of the text structure – which turns out crucial in making the speech more persuasive.