Multiple Rotations Research Articles

How spotting technique affects dizziness and postural stability after full-body rotations in dancers

Consecutive longitudinal axis rotations are very common in dance, ranging from head spins in break dance to pirouettes in ballet. They pose a rather formidable perceptuomotor challenge – and hence form an interesting window into human motor behaviour – yet they have been scarcely studied. In the present study, we investigated dancers' dizziness and postural stability after consecutive rotations. Rotations were performed actively or undergone passively, either with or without the use of a spotting technique in such an order that all 24 ordering options were offered at least once and not more than twice.Thirty-four dancers trained in ballet and/or contemporary dance (aged 27.2 ± 5.1 years) with a mean dance experience of 14.2 ± 7.1 years actively performed 14 revolutions in passé or coupé positions with a short gesture leg “foot down” after each revolution. In addition, they were passively turned through 14 revolutions on a motor-driven rotating chair. Participants' centre-of-pressure (COP) displacement was measured on a force-plate before and after the rotations. Moreover, the dancers indicated their subjective feeling of dizziness on a scale from 0 to 20 directly after the rotations. Both the active and passive conditions were completed with and without the dancers spotting.As expected, dizziness was worse after rotations without the adoption of the spotting technique, both in active and passive rotations. However, the pre-post difference in COP area after active rotations was unaffected by spotting, whereas in the passive condition, spotting diminished this difference. Our results thus suggest that adopting the spotting technique is a useful tool for dizziness reduction in dancers who have to perform multiple rotations. Moreover, spotting appears most beneficial for postural stability when it involves less postural control challenges, such as when seated on a chair and occurs in situations with limited somatosensory feedback (e.g., from the cutaneous receptors in the feet). However, the unexpected finding that spotting did not help postural stability after active rotations needs to be investigated further in future studies, for example with a detailed analysis of whole-body kinematics and eye-tracking.

A closed-form Timoshenko beam element with multiple localized singularities for nonlinear material behavior using the strong discontinuity approach

The development of a novel closed-form beam element for nonlinear material behavior in structures is described, which is formulated according to Timoshenko beam theory and the embedded strong discontinuity approach. Multiple strong transverse and rotation discontinuities are considered to model several dissipative mechanisms due to localized singularities in the shear strain and curvature fields. Issues of dependence on numerical techniques, as occurs in displacement- and forced-based beam elements with the finite element method, are overcome since the formulated element is derived from a pure mathematical treatment. Theoretical principles are stemming from a Lagrangian variational model, from which singularities are naturally derived. The proposed formulation is solved by the conventional methods of calculus of variations, resulting in the boundary value problem. Then, closed-form expressions for any boundary conditions are obtained. By particularizing closed-form expressions for a basic system, a symmetric closed-form flexibility matrix is obtained. This matrix naturally leads to a symmetric closed-form stiffness matrix for any type of loading and unloading process, in which the nodeless degrees of freedom of the multiple embedded strong discontinuities are naturally condensed. Since Gauss integration methods are not used, the multiple localized singularities are not influenced by predefined positions of the integration points. However, the accuracy depends on the chosen number of singularities and their positions. Then, the proposed element is mesh independent when sufficient discontinuities are considered, which does not imply an increase in the degrees of freedom. Softening discontinuities are modeled at arbitrary positions in a single element, which overcomes the drawbacks of other embedded beam theories where more than one element is necessary to identify failure since strong discontinuities are generally located at the midpoint of the beam element. The obtained closed-form stiffness matrix is not always positive definite for strain-softening problems. Nevertheless, there are no major convergence issues as it is a symmetric matrix that does not require a constraint equation, so even the complex snap-back behavior in structures is adequately modeled. The capability of the formulated beam element for nonlinear material behavior in structures is validated with representative examples.

A novel method for multiple targets localization based on normalized cross-correlation adaptive variable step-size dynamic template matching

The template matching method has been widely utilized in the defect detection of wafer surfaces. However, the traditional matching approaches are limited by illumination, noise, and deformation, which cannot meet the requirements of accuracy and robustness. In this paper, a novel multiple targets localization method, named Normalized Cross-correlation Adaptive Variable Step-Size Dynamic Template (NCC-AVSSDT) matching, is proposed to improve the accuracy and efficiency of image localization, which combines the advantages of NCC and AVSSDT. The AVSSDT method is utilized to dynamically adjust the scanning step size based on the NCC matching coefficients. This approach optimizes the scanning process, accelerating convergence toward the optimal matching position. Experimental results verify the accuracy and robustness of the proposed method under different conditions, especially when dealing with rotational variations and variations in noise textures. Therefore, NCC-AVSSDT can be used to perform multiple targets localization of chip image in nearly real-time. Three experiment types were used for comprehensive evaluations, including multiple targets, noise, and rotation angles. Experimental results show that NCC-AVSSDT is much better than the sequential similarity detection algorithm and mean absolute deviation methods in terms of multiple targets (0.667 vs 0.811 s, 0.832 s) and success rate (100% vs 35%, 20%).

The Martian Ionospheric Response to the Co‐Rotating Interaction Region That Caused the Disappearing Solar Wind Event at Mars

AbstractAn unusually low density solar wind event was observed in December 2022 moving past both Earth and Mars. The source was traced back to a coronal hole and active region on the Sun's surface. The resulting solar wind lead to the development of a co‐rotating interaction region (CIR) and trailing rarefaction region that lasted for multiple solar rotations. Within this structure, the solar wind conditions, including density, velocity, and magnetic field magnitude and orientation drastically changed. In this study we analyze the response of the Martian ionosphere using MAVEN data to these changing solar wind conditions. The low density solar wind region associated with the December event resulted in the expansion of the Martian ionospheric boundaries. We show that the ion composition boundary (ICB) is located at extreme altitudes that are beyond previously observed locations from the MAVEN mission between 2015 and 2018. Furthermore, the boundary between shocked solar wind and the Martian ionosphere identified using electron and ion data moved together on the dayside of the planet with the changing solar wind conditions. However, at the flank region these boundaries do not move together, and we show here that the decoupling of the two boundaries may be the result of a change in the interplanetary magnetic field azimuthal angle.

The Effect of Rotation on Gas Storage in Nanoporous Materials

Nanoporous materials offer a promising solution for gas storage applications in various scientific and engineering domains. However, several crucial challenges need to be addressed, including adsorptive capacity, rapid loading, and controlled gas delivery. A potential approach to tackle these issues is through rotation-based methods. In this study, we investigate the impact of rotation on CO2 adsorption using activated carbon, both at the early and late stages of the adsorption process. Towards this direction, three sets of experiments were conducted: (i) adsorption isotherm with rotation at each gas loading, (ii) adsorption kinetics with multiple rotations performed in sequence 15 min after CO2 introduction, and (iii) adsorption kinetics with a single rotation after 40 h of adsorption and repetition after another 20 h. For the first two cases, the comparison was performed by respective measurements without rotation, while for the last case, results were compared to a theoretical pseudo-first-order kinetic curve. Our findings demonstrate that rotation enhances the adsorptive capacity by an impressive 54%, accelerates kinetics by a factor of 3.25, and enables controllable gas delivery by adjusting the angular velocity. These results highlight rotation as a promising technique to optimize gas storage in nanoporous materials, facilitating advancements in numerous scientific and engineering applications.

Projection-Angle-Sensor-Assisted X-ray Computed Tomography for Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Batteries.

X-ray computed tomography (XCT) has become a powerful technique for studying lithium-ion batteries, allowing non-destructive 3D imaging across multiple spatial scales. Image quality is particularly important for observing the internal structure of lithium-ion batteries. During multiple rotations, the existence of cumulative errors and random errors in the rotary table leads to errors in the projection angle, affecting the imaging quality of XCT. The accuracy of the projection angle is an important factor that directly affects imaging. However, the impact of the projection angle on XCT reconstruction imaging is difficult to quantify. Therefore, the required precision of the projection angle sensor cannot be determined explicitly. In this research, we selected a common 18650 cylindrical lithium-ion battery for experiments. By setting up an XCT scanning platform and installing an angle sensor to calibrate the projection angle, we proceeded with image reconstruction after introducing various angle errors. When comparing the results, we found that projection angle errors lead to the appearance of noise and many stripe artifacts in the image. This is particularly noticeable in the form of many irregular artifacts in the image background. The overall variation and residual projection error in detection indicators can effectively reflect the trend in image quality. This research analyzed the impact of projection angle errors on imaging and improved the quality of XCT imaging by installing angle sensors on a rotary table.

Evidence for a Current System and Potential Structure in the Martian Magnetotail

AbstractWe present a case study of plasma and magnetic field observations in the Martian magnetotail using data from the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission during an orbit when the spacecraft was in the optical shadow, past the dusk terminator and downstream of the strongest crustal magnetic fields. In this region, we observed multiple magnetic field rotations (a signature of currents) closely associated with energized (up to 100 eV) electron populations. Several transitions between closed and draped magnetic topologies also occur in this region, which are likely to be caused by magnetic reconnection between the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and crustal magnetic fields. We also observe two regions of energized, counter‐streaming electrons, which are rare in the magnetotail, but twice as likely to occur downstream of strong crustal magnetic fields when they are near the evening terminator. Together, the multiple magnetic field rotations, topological changes, and counter streaming electrons suggest the presence of an electric potential structure similar to those observed above the auroral arc regions at Earth.

Retracted: Adversarial Attacks Defense Method Based on Multiple Filtering and Image Rotation

Retracted: Adversarial Attacks Defense Method Based on Multiple Filtering and Image Rotation

Source Network Load Storage Access to Power Wireless Private Network Technology Based on 5G Ultra Dense Networking

We make the source network load storage access power wireless private network, this paper proposes a source network load storage access power wireless private network technology based on 5G ultra dense network. The multiple rotation scheduling and self-organizing learning methods are used to establish the deployment model of the source network load storage access node of the power wireless private network under the 5G communication mode. According to the routing control algorithm design of the 5G ultra dense networking node, combined with the integration analysis of the access load parameters, the source network load storage access model of the 5G ultra dense networking under the dynamic load distributed control mode is established. Through the method of optimal control of reactive power and voltage of distribution network, the transmission link equilibrium structure model of 5G source network load storage access to power wireless private network is constructed. Combined with the coverage analysis of link topology structure and the benefit maximization constraint analysis of production and consumption users, the active and reactive capacity analysis of transaction between production and consumption user groups and multiple production and consumption users is adopted. Combined with the energy storage characteristics analysis and power flow parameter calculation of the source network load storage access power, the 5G ultra dense networking and private network access to the source network load storage access power are realized. The test shows that this method has better power balance dispatching ability and larger output power gain when it is applied to the design of source network load storage access power wireless private network.

Thermal examination for double diffusive MHD Jeffrey fluid flow through the space of disc and cone apparatus subject to impact of multiple rotations

Non-Fourier’s and non-Fick’s models enhance predictions of transient heat transfer and mass transport, especially in situations where local equilibrium assumptions break down. In such fluids, the deformation rate and shear stress display a natural parabolic structure. In this study, we explore the flow of a Jeffrey fluid with dual diffusions, incorporating both non-Fourier's and non-Fick's assumptions, through the gap of disk-cone devices. Four scenarios have been investigated for fluid flow and heat transformation in this work comprising of (i) both disc and cone are rotating in opposite directions (ii) both disc and cone are rotating in same direction, (iii) cone is rotating while disc remains stationary, (iv) disc is rotating while cone remains stationary. After deriving the basic equations, a set of appropriate variables is used to convert them into dimension from form. RK-4 (Runge-Kutta 4th order) technique has been employed for the solution of nonlinear equations. As the magnetic and Maxwell factors experience a notable increase, whether the disk and cone move in tandem, in opposite directions, or involve a static cone with a gyrating disk, or a static disk with a gyrating cone, the transverse velocity panels consistently exhibit retardation in all scenarios. Additionally, a noteworthy observation is made when evaluating changes in both the Nusselt number and the Sherwood number, with significantly more pronounced variations detected at the surface of the disk compared to that of the cone. There has been a 35% increase observed in the thermal flow rate with variations in the thermophoresis factor.

Evaluation of the Latest Motion Correction Techniques in Periodically Rotated Overlapping ParallEL Lines with Enhanced Reconstruction (PROPELLER) Imaging across Different Vendors

To evaluate the robustness of the latest periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction (PROPELLER) technology from each vendor against head movements and to investigate their characteristics for effective clinical use. Using a phantom simulating the T2-weighted image of the human brain, images were acquired with devices from CANON MEDICAL SYSTEMS (Tochigi, Japan; hereinafter "Canon"), GE HealthCare (Chicago, IL, USA; hereinafter "GE"), Philips (Amsterdam, Netherlands), and Siemens Healthineers (Forchheim, Germany; hereinafter "SIEMENS"). The head motion patterns were divided into rotation angle dependency (single rotation and multiple rotations) and rotation frequency dependency and evaluated using structural similarity (SSIM). For rotation angle dependency, Canon was robust against small rotation angles and fine movements. Despite the rotation angle, GE was robust against movements, with deep learning reconstruction (DLR) improving correction functionality. Philips could be used with compressed sensitivity encoding (CS), and robustness varied with blade width. SIEMENS was robust against large movements. For rotation frequency dependency, results were similar across the 4 vendors. The rotation angle and rotation frequency dependencies of the PROPELLER technology from the 4 vendors were quantitatively evaluated. Understanding the characteristics of PROPELLER allows for the possibility of providing diagnostic-quality images even for patients who move during head MRI exams by appropriately using PROPELLER.

Simulation of temperature field and optimization of heat dissipation structure for lithium-ion power battery pack based on multi-objective function optimization

In order to improve the thermal power dissipation of batteries and reduce the maximum temperature difference of batteries, the air conditioning system using battery type was optimized. Using multi-objective optimization method based on orthogonal experiment and multiple rotations, the local optimum values of multi-objective were obtained: the left end height A of entrance area and the height B of air outlet were 9 mm and 28 mm, respectively, with a tolerance value C of 0.4 mm for battery spacing. The simulation results of this optimization model show that the maximum temperature difference of the battery volume is 306.627 K (33.477?C) and 3.815 K (3.815?C), respectively. Compared with the initial model, they are reduced by 9.55% and 25.89%, respectively. Compared with the single factor analysis optimization model, they are reduced by 0.36% and 20.27%, respectively, indicating that the multi-objective optimization results are better. This multi-objective programming solves the problem of different parameters of air conditioning heat dissipation model to some extent, and can provide reference for the optimization design of other models.

Tetrahedral serial multiview microscopy and image fusion for improved resolution and extent in stained zebrafish embryos.

Spatial mapping on the single-cell level over the whole organism can uncover roles of molecular players involved in vertebrate development. Custom microscopes have been developed that use multiple objectives to view a sample from multiple views at the same time. Such multiview imaging approaches can improve resolution and uniformity of image quality as well as allow whole embryos to be imaged (Swoger et al., Opt Express, 2007;15(13):8029). However, multiview imaging is highly restricted to specialized equipment requiring multiple objectives or sample rotation with automated hardware. Our approach uses a standard single-objective confocal microscope to perform serial multiview imaging. Multiple views are imaged sequentially by mounting the fixed sample in an agarose tetrahedron that is manually rotated in between imaging each face. Computational image fusion allows for a joint 3D image to be created from multiple tiled Z-stacks acquired from different angles. The resulting fused image has improved resolution and imaging extent. With this technique, multiview imaging can be performed on a variety of common single-objective microscopes to allow for whole-embryo, high-resolution imaging.

Analytical investigation of multi-joint rotation behavior of PTPS-CFDST column under lateral loading

The post-tensioned precast segmental concrete-filled double-skin steel tube (PTPS-CFDST) column is an innovative composite column that has recently been proposed and verified to exhibit excellent seismic resilience performance, being a promising solution for low-damage seismic design in accelerated bridge construction. Under lateral loading, this type of new column behaves with multiple joint rotations with laterally unconstrained post-tensioned (PT) tendons, which cannot be accurately predicted by the existing analytical models. This study firstly presents a new multi-joint rotation analytical model for the PTPS-CFDST column under lateral push-over loading, with the positional influence of PT tendons considered. The proposed model is then validated against experimental and numerical results, demonstrating its accurate prediction of lateral force capacity, global column deformation, and local joint openings. In addition, a comparison between the one-, two- and three-joint analytical models is conducted, and the results reveal that the two- and three-joint analytical models achieve accurate results. Finally, parametric studies considering the initial prestressing force, thickness of steel tube and hollow ratio are performed, which further validates the accuracy, applicability, and versatility of the proposed model. This research enhances the analytical understanding of the multi-joint rotation behavior of the PTPS-CFDST column, which may provide references for the seismic design of this new type of column.

Transformation of rotating dipole and vortex solitons in an anharmonic potential

We investigate the basic properties of dipole and vortex solitons, both quiescent and rotating, supported by the axially symmetric anharmonic potential in a medium with cubic-quintic nonlinearity. The static solitons exhibit nonmonotonous behavior in terms of propagation constant as a function, and feature bistability regions. In the rotating frame, the dipole solitons transform into vortex solitons and the topological charge increases gradually with the growth of rotation frequency. Linear stability analysis and direct simulations reveal that rotating dipole solitons with higher charges are more stable than those with lower charges. Meanwhile, dipole solitons can rotate persistently during propagation and preserve their shape over multiple rotation periods. Our findings provide an alternative way for the transformation to achieve dipole and vortex solitons with higher topological charges.

Investigation of the Evolution of Schmid Factors (SF) in 316 Stainless Steel during In Situ Plastic Deformation

The Schmid factor (SF) is a critical parameter in crystal plasticity research that is often used to evaluate the level of difficulty in activating the slip systems within a grain. The evolution process and change mechanism of SF in 316 austenitic stainless steel during plastic deformation were investigated in this paper by using the in situ electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique. The results showed that the average Schmid factor of global grains was highest in the original state, but after stretching, multiple rotation paths appeared in the grain, and the SF presented a monotonically decreased tendency with the increase in plastic strain degree. Numerical computation revealed that the decrease of SF was mainly governed by the change in φ angle, i.e., the angle between loading direction and slip plane normal increased inside the grains after the lattice rotation, which caused the slip plane to move parallel to the loading direction. The higher φ, the lower its cosine, which corresponds to low shear stress acting on the slip plane and could increase the difficulty of crystal slip.

Thermal analysis of the flow of the Maxwell nanofluid through the cone and disk system space with dual diffusion and multiple rotations

Thermal analysis of the flow of the Maxwell nanofluid through the cone and disk system space with dual diffusion and multiple rotations

Identification of Potential Aldose Reductase Inhibitors Using Convolutional Neural Network-Based in Silico Screening.

Aldose reductase (ALR2) is a notable enzyme of the polyol pathway responsible for aggravating diabetic neuropathy complications. The first step begins when it catalyzes the reduction of glucose to sorbitol with NADPH as a coenzyme. Elevated concentrations of sorbitol damage the tissues, leading to complications like neuropathy. Though considerable effort has been pushed toward the successful discovery of potent inhibitors, its discovery still remains an elusive task. To this end, we present a 3D convolutional neural network (3D-CNN) based ALR2 inhibitor classification technique by dealing with snapshots of images captured from 3D chemical structures with multiple rotations as input data. The CNN-based architecture was trained on the 360 sets of image data along each axis and further prediction on the Maybridge library by each of the models. Subjecting the retrieved hits to molecular docking leads to the identification of the top 10 molecules with high binding affinity. The hits displayed a better blood-brain barrier penetration (BBB) score (90% with more than four scores) as compared to standard inhibitors (38%), reflecting the superior BBB penetrating efficiency of the hits. Followed by molecular docking, the biological evaluation spotlighted five compounds as promising ALR2 inhibitors and can be considered as a likely prospect for further structural optimization with medicinal chemistry efforts to improve their inhibition efficacy and consolidate them as new ALR2 antagonists in the future. In addition, the study also demonstrated the usefulness of scaffold analysis of the molecules as a method for investigating the significance of structurally diverse compounds in data-driven studies. For reproducibility and accessibility purposes, all of the source codes used in our study are publicly available.

A Linear Strain-Free Matching Algorithm for Twisted Two-Dimensional Materials

As nano-electronic technology makes electronic devices gradually microscopic in size and diversified in function, obtaining new materials with superior performance is the main goal at this stage. Interfaces formed by adjacent layers of material in electronic devices affect their performance, as does the strain caused by lattice mismatch, which can be simulated and analyzed by theoretical calculations. The common period of the cell changes when the van der Waals (vdW) material is twisted. Therefore, it is a significant challenge to determine the common supercell of two crystals constituting the interface. Here. we present a novel cell matching algorithm for twisted bilayer vdW materials with orthogonal unit cells, where the resulting common supercell remains orthogonal and only angular strains exist without linear strains, facilitating accuracy control. We apply this method to 2-Pmmn twisted bilayer borophene. It can automatically find the resource-allowed common supercell at multiple rotation angles or fix the rotation angle to find the proper accuracy.

Effects of Typical Cropping Patterns of Paddy-Upland Multiple Cropping Rotation on Rice Yield and Greenhouse Gas Emissions

In response to the limitations of traditional double rice cropping models, this study constructed five typical rice planting models in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, namely “Chinese milk vetch-early rice-late rice (CK/CRR), Chinese milk vetch—early rice—sweet potato || late soybean (CRI), rapeseed—early rice—late rice (RRR), rapeseed—early rice—sweet potato || late soybean (RRI) and potato—early rice—late rice (PRR)” to study the annual emission characteristics of greenhouse gases under different planting models. The results showed the following: (1) From the perspective of total yield in two years, the CRI treatment reached its maximum, which was significantly higher than that of other treatments by 9.30~20.29% in 2019 (p < 0.05); in 2020, except for the treatment of RRI, it was significantly higher than other treatments by 20.46~30.23% (p < 0.05). (2) The cumulative emission of CH4 in the double rice treatment is generally higher than that in paddy-upland rotation treatment, while the cumulative emission of N2O in the paddy-upland rotation treatment is higher than that in the double rice treatment, but the total amount is much lower than the cumulative emission of CH4. Therefore, CH4 emissions from rice fields still occupy most of the GHGs. (3) The global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas emission intensity (GHGI) of different planting patterns in rice fields in 2020 were higher than those in 2019, and the GWP and GHGI of double rice cropping treatment is higher than that of paddy-upland rotation treatments. During the two years, the GWP of CRR treatment reached its maximum and was significantly higher than that of other treatments by 48.28~448.90% and 34.43~278.33% (p < 0.05). The GHGI of CRR was significantly higher than that of CRI and RRI by 3.57~5.4 and 1.4~3.5 times (p < 0.05). Based on the comprehensive performance of greenhouse gas emissions over the two experimental years, RRI and CRI have shown good emission reduction effects, which can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions from paddy fields, are conducive to reducing global warming potential and greenhouse gas emission intensity and conform to the development trend of “carbon neutrality”. Therefore, considering high-yield, low-temperature chamber gas emissions, the Chinese milk vetch—early rice—sweet potato || late soybean model performs well and has the best comprehensive benefits. It is of great significance for optimizing the rice field planting mode in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.