Multiple Defects Research Articles

Polyarteritis Nodosa Confined to the Kidneys in a Patient with Proteinuria and Mild Renal Impairment

Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a systemic necrotizing vasculitis predominantly involving medium- or small-sized arteries, typically of the kidneys and other internal organs. Given the rarity of PAN and the variable clinical presentation, diagnosis is challenging and, to date, no definitive diagnostic marker has been identified. A patient diagnosed with immunoglobulin A nephropathy was observed to exhibit deterioration in renal function. To determine whether new structural abnormalities had developed, computed tomography scans of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder were obtained. Both kidneys exhibited multiple cortical defects, and a renal angiogram was performed to determine the cause. Angiography revealed partial obliteration of the left distal renal artery branches and multifocal extensive infarctions in both kidneys, and the patient was diagnosed with renal-limited PAN. Following steroid monotherapy, an improvement in renal function was observed. We believe that this case report may be helpful to physicians who assess and treat patients with suspected renal-limited PAN.

Diagnosing simultaneous bearing and misalignment faults in an induction motor using sensor fusion

A monitoring system for induction motors (IMs) is essential for most industrial plants. Bearing faults and shaft misalignment are common mechanical defects in induction motors. Since one fault could cause another fault in the system, multiple faults can occur simultaneously and change the vibration (electrical) behaviour of the induction motors from that of a single fault condition. This paper aims to identify two common faults (shaft misalignment and defective bearing) simultaneously in IMs using data fusion of vibration and current measurements. Sensor fusion of accelerometer and Hall-effect sensor signals is used to combine the vibration and current signals. The proposed method is applied via a laboratory test-rig based on data fusion to detect multiple defects simultaneously in induction motors. Then, by extracting the important features using a principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm, the K-nearest neighbours (KNN) classification algorithm is used to detect defects and make decisions. The results show that the fusion of both current and vibration signal analyses significantly improves the efficiency and reliability of multiple fault detection. Also, bispectrum analysis of the current signal is highly sensitive to misalignment and can be an effective method for detecting such faults.

Synergistically optimized electron and phonon transport in high-performance copper sulfides thermoelectric materials via one-pot modulation

Optimizing thermoelectric conversion efficiency requires the compromise of electrical and thermal properties of materials, which are hard to simultaneously improve due to the strong coupling of carrier and phonon transport. Herein, a one-pot approach realizing simultaneous second phase and Cu vacancies modulation is proposed, which is effective in synergistically optimizing thermoelectric performance in copper sulfides. Multiple lattice defects, including nanoprecipitates, dislocations, and nanopores are produced by adding a refined ratio of Sn and Se. Phonon transport is significantly suppressed by multiple mechanisms. An ultralow lattice thermal conductivity is therefore obtained. Furthermore, extra Se is added in the copper sulfide for optimizing electrical transport properties by inducing generating Cu vacancies. Ultimately, an excellent figure of merit of ~1.6 at 873 K is realized in the Cu1.992SSe0.016(Cu2SnSe4)0.004 bulk sample. The simple strategy of inducing compositional and structural modulation for improving thermoelectric parameters promotes low-cost high-performance copper sulfides as alternatives in thermoelectric applications.

Combined Terahertz Pulsed Imaging and Optical Coherence Tomography Detection Method for Multiple Defects in Thermal Barrier Coatings

While thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are being sprayed onto aero-engine turbine blades, or while the engine blade is working, high temperatures and strong impact forces will damage TBCs under thermal cycles, resulting in the coating peeling off from the blades. The current method of using ECT, IRT, or another method alone cannot achieve the real-time detection of coating defects with both high precision and high penetration power. Two detection methods, namely, terahertz pulsed imaging (TPI) and optical coherence tomography (OCT), were combined to evaluate typical defects observed in TBCs (including internal debonding cracks, surface high-temperature cracks, and surface etched cracks). The results showed that the OCT system successfully obtained the micron-level axial resolution, but the detection depth of the OCT system was limited. The TPI system achieved a higher penetration depth than OCT—hence, it can be used for the nondestructive detection and evaluation of the internal debonding defects in the sample—but its resolution needs to be improved. Following this conclusion, a method is proposed using TPI and OCT concurrently for the nondestructive testing and quantitative evaluation of TBCs on etched cracks, thus achieving progress both in terms of depth and resolution. In our experiment, defects with a depth of 519 μm and a width of 100 μm were measured. The proposed method is suitable for situations where multiple defects in TBC samples of blades need to be detected simultaneously during the working process. When there are defects deep inside the sample, more small cracks on the surface can be evaluated to achieve a combination of depth and accuracy.

Strip-based numerical analysis of CFRP-reinforced steel plates with multiple debonding defects using the Runge-Kutta method

In recent years, carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRP) have earned extensive attention in the field of structural rehabilitation. Adhesive bonding, as a prevalent technique, plays a crucial role in utilizing CFRP for strengthening steel structures. Nevertheless, debonding defects, commonly arising within the bond region between CFRP and host structures, hold the potential to induce the premature debonding failure of adhesively bonded joints. As a result, this research attempts to propose a strip-based numerical method using the explicit 4th-order Runge-Kutta technique (strip-based RK4) to investigate the full-range bond behavior of CFRP-to-steel single-lap joints with multiple arbitrary debonding defects. Also, three-dimensional (3D) finite element models (FEMs) of fully bonded single-lap joints were established in conjunction with cohesive zone modeling (CZM) to simulate the single-lap shear test reported in literature, based on which joints containing debonding defects were further modeled. Predictions from the proposed methodology were subsequently compared with test results and FE analysis to confirm its accuracy. Thereafter, the parametric analysis was carried out to investigate the effects of parameters, including bond length and defect position, on the bond behavior of the single-lap joint. The results indicate that the proposed strip-based RK4 method is accurate, with errors within 2% compared to FE analysis, and computationally efficient, with runtime being less than 50% of FE analysis. The findings of this study can be used as a guide for the design or damage assessment of CFRP-repaired structures in the future.

FeNi3 nanosheets with multiple defects induced by H+-ion irradiation show enhanced electrocatalytic action during the oxygen evolution reaction

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is vital in electrocatalytic water-splitting. However, efficient non-precious metal electrocatalysts are required to improve the reaction efficiency. Therefore, this study aims to increase the OER activity of FeNi3 nanosheets using high-energy H+-ion irradiation to create multiple defects. The optimized sample (FeNi3-16) achieves a lower overpotential of 260 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 than its pristine counterpart (FeNi3, 320 mV). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the multiple defects in Fe and Ni can synergistically reduce the d-band centres of the Fe and Ni sites, which improves the electron transfer efficiency during the OER. This ion-irradiation technique may be applied to other electrocatalysts for various energy device.

Enhanced electrochemical performance of MoSe2 nanosheets on CoAl- layered double hydroxide for oxygen evolution reaction

The design of high-efficiency electrocatalysts for water electrolysis has attracted much attention. A crucial half-reaction in electrochemical water splitting is the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which suffers from sluggish reaction kinetics due to the high-energy barrier of the complex electron transfer process. This study presents a MoSe2@CoAl-layered double hydroxide (LDH) hybrid nanostructure prepared using the facile hydrothermal method and investigated as a potential OER electrocatalyst. Morphological analysis indicated that the MoSe2 formed in very thin nanosheet structures containing multiple defects on the LDH platelets, increasing the number of catalytic active sites. Compared with pristine MoSe2 and CoAl-LDH, the obtained MoSe2@CoAl-LDH catalyst exhibited enhanced electrocatalytic activity for the OER in an alkaline solution. The MoSe2@CoAl-LDH electrocatalyst showed an overpotential of 360 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and a small Tafel slope of 53 mV dec−1. In addition, it demonstrated good electrochemical stability. The MoSe2@CoAl-LDH exhibited a lower Tafel slope than commercial RuO2, indicating faster electron transfer on the MoSe2@CoAl-LDH electrode.

Nitrogen-ion-irradiated defective tin oxyhydroxide nanoparticle anode for ultrafast and highly stable lithium-ion storage

High-performance lithium-ion batteries require high energy density, long cycle life, and fast (dis)chargeability. Despite several accomplishments in increasing capacity under normal operation, maintaining high capacity under fast charging and discharging remains a challenge. To achieve such performance, we have applied nitrogen-ion (N+) irradiation to an anode material comprising tin oxyhydroxide nanoparticles (Sn6O4(OH)4 NPs) active material, carbon black conducting agent, and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binder. Sn6O4(OH)4 NPs have high capacity and fair rate capability due to their layered structure with a large interlayer spacing of 0.455 nm and a small particle size of < 5 nm. N+ irradiation induces multiple defects including implanted N+ and oxygen vacancies in the anode material. The defects provide more Li-ion active sites in the Sn6O4(OH)4 NPs and lead to amorphization of carbon black as well as increasing the conductivities of Sn6O4(OH)4 NPs. Additionally, N+ irradiation brings about cross-linking of PVDF, enhancing the binding property. As a consequence, the N+-irradiated anode shows significantly improved performance: a capacity maintains 2306 mA h g−1 after 500 cycles at 0.5C and 1053 mA h g−1 after 300 cycles at 5C. Moreover, the anode exhibits outstanding rate capability even under ultrahigh-rate operation: 65.1 % capacity retention at 50C.

RNAi-Mediated Silencing of Laccase 2 in Culex pipiens Pupae via Dehydration and Soaking Results in Multiple Defects in Cuticular Development.

Mosquitoes transmit a range of pathogens, causing devastating effects on human health. Population genetic control strategies have been developed and successfully used for several mosquito species. The most important step in identifying potential targets for mosquito control is the understanding of gene function. RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful tool for gene silencing which has been widely used to study gene function in insects via knockdown of expression. The success of RNAi in insects depends on the efficient delivery of dsRNA into the cells, with microinjections being the most commonly used to study mosquito gene function. However, microinjections in the pupal stage lead to significant mortality in Aedes and Culex species, and few studies have performed microinjections in Culicinae pupae. Advanced techniques, such as CRISPR/Cas9 knockout, require establishing individual mosquito lines for each gene studied, and maintaining such lines may be limited by the insect-rearing capacity of a laboratory. Moreover, at times gene knockout during early development (embryo stage) has a deleterious effect on mosquito development, precluding the analysis of gene function in the pupal and adult stages and its potential for mosquito control. There is a need for a simple procedure that can be used for the fast and reliable examination of adult gene function via RNAi knockdown. Here, we focus on the aquatic stages of the mosquito life cycle and suggest a quick and easy assay for screening the functional role of genes in Culex pipiens mosquitoes without using microinjections. By dehydration of early stage pupae and subsequent rehydration in highly concentrated dsRNA, we achieved a moderate knockdown of laccase 2, a gene that turns on in the pupal stage and is responsible for melanization and sclerotization of the adult cuticle.

Recommended Tool Compounds for Modifying the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Channel Variants.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder arising from variations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, leading to multiple organ system defects. CFTR tool compounds are molecules that can modify the activity of the CFTR channel. Especially, patients that are currently not able to benefit from approved CFTR modulators, such as patients with rare CFTR variants, benefit from further research in discovering novel tools to modulate CFTR. This Review explores the development and classification of CFTR tool compounds, including CFTR blockers (CFTRinh-172, GlyH-101), potentiators (VRT-532, Genistein), correctors (VRT-325, Corr-4a), and other approved and unapproved modulators, with detailed descriptions and discussions for each compound. The challenges and future directions in targeting rare variants and optimizing drug delivery, and the potential synergistic effects in combination therapies are outlined. CFTR modulation holds promise not only for CF treatment but also for generating CF models that contribute to CF research and potentially treating other diseases such as secretory diarrhea. Therefore, continued research on CFTR tool compounds is critical.

Preparation of High-Performance Mn-Doped SnTe Materials at High Pressure and High Temperature.

SnTe is an environmentally friendly medium-temperature thermoelectric material, but its inherent low power factor (PF) and high lattice thermal conductivity severely limit its application. In this study, based on the fact that Mn doping can induce band convergence, the high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) synthesis method was used to optimize the sample preparation and shorten the synthesis cycle to 30 min. The results show that the Sn0.93Mn0.10Te sample achieves the maximum PF value of 34.00 μW cm-1 K-2 at 775 K and PFave value of 21.36 μW cm-1 K-2 between 300-875 K. Microstructure analysis shows that the high-pressure synthesis method introduces abundant grain boundaries, various grain sizes, multiple defects, and pore structures into the sample. These microscopic crystal structures can effectively scatter phonons and lower the lattice thermal conductivity. The modification of these micromorphologies results in the Sn0.92Mn0.11Te sample attaining a minimum lattice thermal conductivity of 0.45 W m-1 K-1 at 625 K. The thermoelectric figure of merit (zT) of sample Sn0.92Mn0.11Te reaches a maximum value of 1.1 at 775 K, and the zTave reaches 0.63 in the range of 300-875 K. This study indicates that the synergistic effect of Mn element doping and microstructure modification can effectively optimize the thermoelectric transport performance of SnTe materials.

Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect using intracardiac echocardiography: a two-center, retrospective study.

We present the experience and long-term results of intracardiac echocardiography (ICE)-guided closure of ostium secundum atrial septal defects (ASDs) in two Italian centers and investigate its systematic applicability as the gold standard in routine clinical practice. We retrospectively evaluated all consecutive patients who underwent an ASD percutaneous closure procedure from March 2008 to February 2020. All patients underwent a preprocedural transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) evaluation. The closures were carried out under fluoroscopic and ICE guidance. A follow-up visit was performed at 1, 3 and 12 months, followed by telephone evaluations approximately every 2 years. Sixty-six patients (29% male individuals), mean age 43 ± 16 years, were treated. In 15 cases, the TEE defect diameter was less than 10 mm, and in 8 of these patients, the ICE intraprocedural sizing increased the maximum diameter by more than 5 mm. Sizing balloon of the defect was performed in 51 cases; 2 patients received an ASD 38 mm device. Eight patients had multiple defects; in three of these, it was necessary to apply two devices. Four patients showed nonsignificant residual shunt; no complications related to the use of ICE were observed. One patient presented the migration of the ASD device into the abdominal aorta, percutaneously retrieved with a snare. No major complications were recorded during the entire follow-up period. This study confirms that ICE monitoring during ASD percutaneous closure is well tolerated and effective; it might be achievable as a routine gold standard by operators willing to use ICE systematically in all transcatheter closure interventions of interatrial communications.

Non-insulin Medications for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is predicted to affect 366 million people over the age of 65 years by the year 2030. As the understanding of the core defects associated with T2D advanced, researchers recognized management should target multiple defects in glucose metabolism. As a result, efforts to manage T2D focus on developing new drug therapies aimed at addressing each of the identified metabolic defects. Optimal treatment of T2D is necessary to decrease the risk for coronary heart disease, stroke, and vascular diseases. This article discusses non-insulin pharmacologic treatments for T2D that are guided by glycemic efficacy, safety profiles, effects on weight and hypoglycemia risk, tolerability, patient comorbidities, route of administration, patient preference, and cost.

Four-Eyed Fish (A. anableps) Fingerlings Demonstrated Multiple Birth Defects Suggestive of Nutritional Deficiencies

In a colony of four-eyed fishes (A. anableps) some females produced offspring demonstrating birth-defects. At external inspection, the ventral midline was open over variable lengths. In some cases, it was combined with lordosis, kyphosis, or scoliosis. Affected specimens also suffered from cataracts. Histopathology revealed widely scattered degeneration of myofibers. Sheath cells of the notochord had proliferated, resulting in asymmetric shape distortion of vertebrae and indentations in the spinal cord. The spinal cord revealed an extensive axonal degeneration. The liver appeared mottled due to focal fat infiltration. Cataracts of ocular lenses appeared as vacuolization of lens fibers. The multiple pathologies noted may have been due to nutritional imbalances because the colony received a carnivore-based diet. Feeding ecology of Anableps is one of omnivory with a predominance of herbivory. This may have resulted in lesions comparable to deficiencies in Vitamin E, Vitamin C, and Selenium.

Space: The Ultimate Frontier The Impact of Sequencing Human Genome is not only to Treat all Genetic Diseases, But also to Extend Human Life to Travel into Deep Space in Search of Exo-Planets to Protect, Preserve and Spread Human Intelligence Across the Universe

The purpose of this abstract is to show not only to design drugs to treat genetic diseases, but also to extend human life to travel in deep space in search of new homes for humanity and to spread human intelligence in every corner of the Universe. Most genetic diseases are often caused by either a single point mutations or multiple genetic defects in specific genes. Genes code for protein. The nucleotide mutated genes code for non-functional proteins resulting in different diseases such as blood disorders like ß-thalassemia, sickle cell disease, hereditary spherocytosis, Cystic fibrosis, Tay-Sachs disease. Second, additional diseases are identified due to Chromosomal abnormalities which occur when there is a frame shift mutation due to the deletion or insertion of an extra chromosomes such as Down Syndrome, Tay-Sachs disease. and Hemophilia A and B. More than thirty-five thousand such genetic disorders have been identified. The point mutation diseases are inherited. Treating such diseases present the greatest challenges to the next generation of scientists. The first line of treatment is Gene Therapy and CRISPER-Case9 therapy in which mutated gene is replaced by a normal gene in one generation. In cases where replacement of the mutated gene is not possible, Drug therapy could be developed by designing drugs to shut off those mutated genes. By comparing with all 35,000-point mutations sequences with the Reference Sequence data from the 1000-genome project, we can easily identify with precision and accuracy, the specific mutated nucleotide responsible for causing the genetic diseases due to nucleotide or chromosomal mutations. Once the mutation on the nucleotide in a gene is identified, we can design drugs to shut off that gene. By making AZQ (US Patent 4,233,215), I have demonstrated how to design drugs to shut off frame-shift mutation in a gene responsible for causing Glioblastoma, the brain cancer. Using the same rationale, it is the challenge for the next generation of scientists (my students) to design drugs to shut off genes to treat genetic diseases and to prolong life. Now, we have learned to convert the analog language of Biology into digital language of computer, by sending convertor and receiver in the spaceships, we can not only send the data across Universe with the speed of light, but also to protect, preserve and spread human intelligence across the Universe

Reconstruction of multiple long digital and hand defects using the multilobed anterolateral thigh perforator flap.

This study investigated the reconstruction of multiple long digital and hand defects using the multilobed anterolateral thigh perforator flap. From January 2018 to January 2021, 14 patients (hands) with multiple long digital defects were treated using the multilobed anterolateral thigh perforator flap. The mean age of the patients was 35 years (range, 18-55 years). The mean size (length × width) of the defects was 12.3 × 10.6 cm (range, 9 × 7 cm-16 × 12 cm). The mean size of the flap was 13.7 × 12.1 cm (range, 11 × 8 cm-19 × 14 cm). The total active motion was compared to the opposite side (100% normal, excellent; 75%-99% normal, good; 50%-74% normal, fair; <50% normal, poor). In this series, 12 flaps survived completely. Partial flap necrosis occurred in 2 patients but healed with wound care. The mean follow-up period was 28 months (range, 25-34 months). Based on the total active motion scoring system, we got 1 excellent, 7 good, 7 fair, and 1 poor result. A second surgery to separate the digits was not required. Multiple digital and hand defects can be reconstructed simultaneously using the multilobed anterolateral thigh perforator flap, allowing a length-to-width ratio of greater than 1.5:1 to resurface long digital defects. Level IV, Therapeutic Study.

Failure analysis of welded joint with multiple defects by extended Finite Element Method and Engineering Critical Analysis

Failure analysis of welded joint with multiple defects was performed taking into account the effect of all defects, not just a dominant one. Four cases of multiple defects in welded joint under the uniaxial tensile loading were investigated using extended Finite Element Method. Two-dimensional Finite Element Models were made according to the tensile specimens with initial crack located in a critical area of welded joint. For each multiple defects case, numerical simulation was performed with three initial crack depth. Engineering Critical Analysis was made using Failure Assessment Diagrams for each defect that was determined as critical for its welded joint case. Numerical simulation showed that the geometry of the most prominent one from a point of view of structural integrity. It was concluded that the vertical misalignment in combination with a secondary defect, had the most adverse effect which can lead to failure of welded structure.

Evaluating Generalization, Bias, and Fairness in Deep Learning for Metal Surface Defect Detection: A Comparative Study

In recent years, deep learning models have led to improved accuracy in industrial defect detection, often using variants of YOLO (You Only Look Once), due to its high performance at a low cost. However, the generalizability, fairness and bias of their outcomes have not been examined, which may lead to overconfident predictions. Additionally, the complexity added by co-occurring defects, single and multi-class defects, and the effect on training, is not taken into consideration. This study addresses these critical gaps by introducing new methodologies for analyzing dataset complexity and evaluating model fairness. It introduces the novel approach of co-occurrence impact analysis, examining how the co-occurrence of defects in sample images affects performance, and introducing new dimensions to dataset preparation and training. Its aim is to increase model robustness in the face of real-world scenarios where multiple defects often appear together. Our study also innovates in the evaluation of model fairness by adapting the disparate impact ratio (DIR) to consider the true positive rate (TPR) across different groups and modifying the predictive parity difference (PPD) metric to focus on biases present in industrial quality control. Experiments demonstrate by cross-validation that the model trained on combined datasets significantly outperforms others in accuracy without overfitting and results in increased fairness, as validated by our novel fairness metrics. Explainability also provides valuable insights on the effects of different training regimes, notably absent in prior works. This work not only advances the field of deep learning for defect detection but also provides a strategic framework for future advancements, emphasizing the need for balanced datasets and considerations of ethics, fairness, bias and generalizability in the deployment of artificial intelligence in industry.

A mutation in the brassinosteroid biosynthesis gene CpDWF5 disrupts vegetative and reproductive development and the salt stress response in squash (Cucurbita pepo).

A Cucurbita pepo mutant with multiple defects in growth and development has been identified and characterized. The mutant dwfcp displayed a dwarf phenotype with dark green and shrinking leaves, shortened internodes and petioles, shorter but thicker roots and greater root biomass, and reduced fertility. The causal mutation of the phenotype was found to disrupt gene Cp4.1LG17g04540, the squash orthologue of the Arabidopsis brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis gene DWF5, encoding for 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase. A single nucleotide transition (G > A) causes a splicing defect in intron 6 that leads to a premature stop codon and a truncated CpDWF5 protein. The mutation co-segregated with the dwarf phenotype in a large BC1S1 segregating population. The reduced expression of CpDWF5 and brassinolide (BL) content in most mutant organs, and partial rescue of the mutant phenotype by exogenous application of BL, showed that the primary cause of the dwarfism in dwfcp is a BR deficiency. The results showed that in C. pepo, CpDWF5 is not only a positive growth regulator of different plant organs but also a negative regulator of salt tolerance. During germination and the early stages of seedling development, the dwarf mutant was less affected by salt stress than the wild type, concomitantly with a greater upregulation of genes associated with salt tolerance, including those involved in abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis, ABA and Ca2+ signaling, and those coding for cation exchangers and transporters.

Metastasis-associated 1 localizes to the sarcomeric Z-disc and is implicated in skeletal muscle pathology.

Metastasis-associated 1 (MTA1), a subunit of the nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylation (NuRD) corepressor complex, was reported to be expressed in the cytoplasm of skeletal muscles. However, the exact subcellular localization and the functional implications of MTA1 in skeletal muscles have not been examined. This study aims to demonstrate the subcellular localization of MTA1 in skeletal muscles and reveal its possible roles in skeletal muscle pathogenesis. Striated muscles (skeletal and cardiac) from C57BL/6 mice of 4-5 weeks were collected to examine the expression of MTA1 by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy were performed for MTA1, α-actinin (a Z-disc marker protein), and SMN (survival of motor neuron) proteins. Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data sets were analyzed using the GEO2R online tool to explore the functional implications of MTA1 in skeletal muscles. MTA1 expression was detected by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry in skeletal and cardiac muscles. Subcellular localization of MTA1 was found in the Z-disc of sarcomeres, where α-actinin and SMN were expressed. Data mining of GEO profiles suggested that MTA1 dysregulation is associated with multiple skeletal muscle defects, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, nemaline myopathy, and dermatomyositis. The GEO analysis also showed that MTA1 expression gradually decreased with age in mouse skeletal muscle precursor cells. The subcellular localization of MTA1 in sarcomeres of skeletal muscles implies its biological roles in sarcomere structures and its possible contribution to skeletal muscle pathology.