Multiple Bars Research Articles

Study of the Stress Distribution and a Calculation Model for the Local Bearing Capacity of Concrete Under Headed Bars

In order to obtain the calculation model for the local bearing capacity of concrete Fl under two headed bars, six pull-out concrete specimens were prepared. The effect of the net distance between two headed bars c on Fl was mainly investigated. The test results show that the local bearing capacity of concrete would first decrease and then increase with the increase in c, and the boundary point of the two stages was c = 40 mm. It is determined that the stress transformation from the local compression state to the axial compression state in the stress distribution model is characterized by the variation rate of the vertical stress under individual headed bars, which would infinitely approach a constant value. The constant value under individual headed bars is used as the limit value. The height of the vertical stress under two headed bars is modified, and then the height of the tensile region of the specimen with different c values is determined. Combined with the experimental phenomena and the results, two stages of calculation models are established, respectively: the integral calculation model and the individual calculation model. The integral calculation model focuses on the interaction of the compression region under two headed bars. The individual calculation model mainly focuses on the interaction of the tensile region under two headed bars. The calculation equations considering the influence of the height of the tensile region are established. Two groups of similar test data regarding the local bearing capacity were collected and verified as the integral calculation model and the individual calculation model. The average value of the ratio between the test value and the calculated value is 1.057 and 1.061, the standard deviation is 0.153 and 0.091, and the coefficient of variation is 0.055 and 0.086. It is proved that the calculation model proposed in this paper has a certain accuracy. It can provide a reference for calculating the local bearing capacity of concrete under multiple headed bars.

Clinical impact of multiple pectus bars on surgical outcomes following pectus excavatum repair.

The Nuss procedure, a minimally invasive surgery for pectus excavatum, has undergone various improvements. However, the impact of using multiple bars on thoracic shape changes and surgical outcomes remains unclear. We retrospectively evaluated patients who underwent the Nuss procedure for pectus excavatum between August 2014 and September 2021. We divided the patients into 2 groups based on the number of bars placed and identified differences in surgical outcomes and morphological characteristics. A total of 225 patients were evaluated, of whom 132 were classified into the ≤2 bar group (using 1 or 2 bars) and 93 into the ≥3 bar group (using 3 or more bars). There was no difference in the preoperative Haller index [median (interquartile range), 4.59 (3.67-6.16) vs 4.67 (4.12-6.14), P = 0.227], and asymmetric excavatum was more frequently observed in the ≥3 bar group (81% vs 51%, P < 0.001). The preoperative sternal torsion angle was larger in the ≥3 bar group, but no difference was found between the 2 groups postoperatively. The incidence of postoperative complications (≥grade 3) was comparable between groups (10% vs 17%, P = 0.105); however, postoperative pleurisy was more frequently observed in the ≥3 bar group (12% vs 4%, P = 0.021). In univariable and multivariable analyses, ≥3 bar placement was the only risk factor for postoperative pleurisy. The placement of multiple bars (≥3 bars) is useful for the correction of asymmetric pectus excavatum, but attention should be paid to the potential risk of postoperative pleurisy.

A multiscale steel–concrete interface model for structural applications

In this paper, a new multiscale macro-element formulation for the steel–concrete interface modeling is proposed. This element allows for the representation of the behavior of steel and the interface zone surrounding it. It can also model the interfacial bond stresses in between. Compared to conventional interface models of the literature, which employ separate mesh elements for the steel and the interface, utilizing a macro-element to model both components simplifies the creation of a reinforced concrete structure mesh. Moreover, the macro-element equilibrium is solved using a sub-structuring method that aims to reduce the computational cost. At the global level, it is considered as a four-node element linked to two-dimensional and three-dimensional concrete elements. At the local level, an assembly of multiple three-node bar elements with bond stresses is performed. An inner mesh discretization is therefore possible at the local level independently of the global level. The coupling between the two modeling scales is done using a static condensation technique. The formulation of the macro-element is presented in this paper. A selection of numerical examples is provided. The presented applications demonstrate the robustness of the proposed interface model and its capacity to reproduce the experimental behavior of reinforced concrete structural elements.

Assessment Strategies, Instructional Resources, Science Course Teaching Methods and Acquisition of Employability Skills by Potential Science Graduates: The Lecturers’ Perspective

The study examines the interconnectedness of assessment strategies, instructional resources, and science course teaching methods relating to employability skills acquisition by potential science graduates from the lecturers’ perspective. The study utilised a research survey design. A sample of 371 was drawn from the population of science lecturers in universities in South-west using a multi-stage sampling technique. This involved purposive, stratified, and quota sampling techniques. A well-structured questionnaire was used to collect data analysed using descriptive statistics (multiple bar charts) and inferential statistics of correlation and regression analyses. The key findings of the study showed that instructional resources [instructional material, physical facilities, and human resources], science course teaching methods, and assessment strategies had joint significant predictions on employability skills acquisition. This implies that these variables must be adequately provided for improved acquisition of employability skills by students. Also, lecturers’ understanding of students’ key employability skills revealed low ratings of information technology, initiative, leadership, problem-solving, and adaptability skills of students. The study recommends that higher education administrators should strive to provide instructional materials, physical facilities and human resources as instructional resources to implement excellent teaching techniques and assessment strategies. The study concludes that lecturers should consciously seek self-upgrade and improve teaching techniques and assessment strategies.

Molecular decoding a meat-like aroma generated from Laetiporus sulphureus-mediated fermentation of onion (Allium cepa L.)

The organoleptic properties of plant-based meat alternatives do not meet consumer expectations due to the lack of characteristic flavors resembling meat. To address this challenge, a fermentation system utilizing Laetiporussulphureus was developed to generate a meat-like and fatty flavor from a vegetable source, onion. By means of multiple stir bar sorptive extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry, an unsaturated aldehyde, (E,Z)-2,4-decadienal, which imparts a tallow-like and fatty odor, and a sulfurous compound benzothiazole, with a broth-like odor were identified, which well contributed to the characteristic odor of the supernatant. (E,Z)-2,4-Decadienal as the most important odorant (odor activity value = 206) was biosynthesized by transformation of linoleic acid with L.sulphureus, as revealed by isotopic tracing experiments. For the first time in Basidiomycota, the biogenetic pathway of (E,Z)-2,4-decadienal from linoleic acid was proposed.

Seasonal Morphodynamic Changes of Multiple Sand Bars in Sinduri Macrotidal Beach, Taean, Chungnam

Seasonal Morphodynamic Changes of Multiple Sand Bars in Sinduri Macrotidal Beach, Taean, Chungnam

Non-Destructive Inspection Method Using Elastic Waves for Quality Management in the Bending Process Region of BFRTP

In order to establish a sustainable infrastructure, structures must maintain their minimum required performance for an extended period. Typically, existing concrete structures are reinforced with steel, but the susceptibility of steel reinforcements to corrosion, attributed to factors such as carbonation and chlorides, can lead to performance degradation, rendering the specified requirements unmet. As a remedy, there has been a growing interest in using lightweight and corrosion-resistant fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars as an alternative to traditional steel reinforcement in concrete structures. Particularly noteworthy is the use of FRP bars manufactured with thermoplastic resins (FRTP) due to their ease of processing and convenient applicability on construction sites. This study delves into the mechanical behavior evaluation by examining the propagation characteristics of elastic waves in the curved section of basalt FRTP (BFRTP). Multiple BFRTP bars underwent a 180-degree bending process, subject to various conditions, including heat and twist variations. Subsequent measurements focused on the propagation characteristics of elastic waves in the curved sections, emphasizing wave attenuation, frequency features, and propagation velocity. Additionally, bending tensile tests were conducted on the curved bars, and a comparative analysis was performed between the tensile strength and the aforementioned elastic wave propagation characteristics. The results affirm a consistent correlation between the propagation characteristics of elastic waves (amplitude ratio, centroid frequency, velocity) during the traversal of the curved BFRTP section and its tensile strength. Notably, both centroid frequency and velocity exhibited correlation coefficients exceeding 0.7, suggesting their potential efficacy as reliable indicators for estimating tensile strength.

Microcell and macrocell corrosion kinetics of steel bars in reinforced concrete slabs subjected to alternate wet and dry environments

Electrochemical kinetics of steel bar corrosion in concrete is of complex nature, especially when it is subjected to alternate wet and dry environments with changes in conditions of steel-concrete interface and rust properties. In this paper, a quantitative electrochemical mechanism was proposed based on thermodynamics and anodic polarisation kinetics to account for variations of microcell and macrocell current densities in reinforced concrete (RC) slabs subjected to periodic wetting and drying cycles. Effects of environmental conditions on corrosion process were incorporated into anodic Tafel slope through three quantifiable parameters, namely, corrosion potential, linear polarisation resistance and ferrous ion concentration at the steel bar surface. A numerical model was established based on the proposed mechanism to quantify microcell and macrocell current densities. An experimental programme of two RC slabs with multiple steel bars arranged at different layers was conducted to verify the numerical model. It shows that the model could reasonably predict variations of both microcell and macrocell corrosion under different wet and dry environments. When concrete was moistened, current density was substantially increased compared to that in dry concrete. Macrocell contribution from uncorroded steel bars at different layers was more significant than microcell corrosion on the corroded bar itself, especially in wet environments.

Design and analysis of a highly uniform five-band terahertz filter based on frequency selective surface

In this paper, a highly uniform five-band terahertz filter is presented, achieved by deforming two nested square ring structures. The metal pattern layer of the filter comprises a nested square ring structure with an inner and outer opening, and a metal strip connecting the inner and outer rings. Symmetrical openings divide nested square rings, breaking the current path and generating multiple metal bars of different lengths to excite dipole oscillations. Using metal strips to connect the inner and outer rings, the inner and outer resonant structures are integrated. Compared to a single resonant particle, the coupling of different single resonant particles amplifies the resonance of the combined structure, resulting in a wider stopband width and enhanced isolation between multiple passbands. A metal strip is also added to both ends of the outer ring opening to increase the equivalent capacitance of the outer ring, enhance the resonance, and improve out-of-band suppression. The transmission spectrum has five uniform passbands in the range of 1.3807–1.9917 THz, and the maximum passband ratio (MPR) of 3 dB bandwidth is about 1.16, and the ratio of 10 dB is about 1.17. The transmission coefficient of transmission zero is about 0.1, and the peak transmission coefficient of transmission peak is close to 1. The polarization of TE and TM incident waves is stable, and the filtering characteristics are good. Besides, the rectangular coefficients of the five passbands are all less than 1.33, showing excellent band selectivity. The resonance mechanism is explained by the Q value and electric field current distribution. The influence of structural parameter changes on filtering characteristics is also analyzed, and the main control parameters are found by using correlation analysis tools. From the changes in the MPR curve, it is verified that the structure parameters of the designed filter are in good condition. The multi-passband filter designed in this paper has uniform filtering characteristics, which is helpful to the development of terahertz multi-channel communication.

Sedimentary architecture of thin-layer beach bar sand bodies in the G oilfield, Niger

The G oilfield in the southeastern Termit Basin of Niger is characterized by thin-bed beach bar deposits exhibiting strong reservoir heterogeneity and suboptimal production efficiency, necessitating internal structural dissection of the beach bar sand bodies. Employing a well-seismic integration approach, we systematically dissect the architecture of these sand bodies layer by layer to determine their spatial distribution. A classification scheme for beach bar architecture is proposed, with core and log data analysis identifying essential architectural elements and their logging responses. Seismic amplitudes, thin bed delineation, frequency decomposition inversion attributes, and attribute fusion technology delineate the architectural boundaries. Integrating five indicators from four-level architectural recognition at wellbores—shallow lake mudstone appearance, bar margin/beach microfacies occurrence, logging curve morphology differences, beach bar thickness variations, and elevation differences between adjacent bars—enables detailed dissection of the beach bar architecture, corroborated by connectivity analysis. In the study area, beach bar distribution primarily develops in two modes: vertical stacking (accumulation of multiple main bars from different episodes) and isolated (stable mudstone interlayers between main bar sand bodies appearing relatively isolated). This research provides a basis for dissecting beach bar architecture reservoirs under sparse well conditions.

Association of dietary live microbe intake with various cognitive domains in US adults aged 60 years or older

The purpose of this study was to explore whether dietary live microbe intake is associated with various cognitive domains using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2014. And the specific relationship between low, medium and high dietary live microbe intake groups and cognitive ability of the elderly. Dietary live microbe intake was calculated from 24-h diet recall interviews. Cognitive function was assessed using the number symbol substitution test (DSST, which measures processing speed), the animal fluency test (AFT, which measures executive function), the Alzheimer's Registry sub-test (CERAD, which measures memory), and the Composite Z-score, which adds the Z-values of individual tests. Multiple linear regression models and restricted cubic bar graphs were used to investigate the relationship between live microbe intake and cognitive performance. A total of 2,450 participants aged 60 or older were included. Live microbe intake was positively correlated with cognitive ability on the whole. Specifically, when the intake of low, medium and high live microbe was > 2640 g, > 39 g and > 0 g respectively, the CERAD, DSST, AFT and compositive-Z score of the subjects increased with the increase of microbial intake (P < 0.05). In American adults age 60 or older, higher intakes of live microbes were associated with better cognitive performance, especially after a certain amount was reached.

A novel mesoscale modelling method for steel fibre-reinforced concrete with the combined finite-discrete element method

This paper proposes a novel mesoscale modelling method to study the effect of steel fibres on the fracture properties of steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) based on an integrated finite-discrete element method (FDEM) framework. The present method models the steel fibre of SFRC as multiple bar elements, while simulating the cement matrix using triangle elements. A comprehensive bond-slip model is also introduced between the triangle element and bar element, enabling accurate reproduction of the interaction behaviour between the concrete matrix and steel fibre. Additionally, the progressive failure process of cohesive elements in FDEM is considered as crack propagation, confirming the superiority of FDEM from continuum to discontinuum. The results of the Brazilian split test and uniaxial compression test validate the capability of the FDEM framework for mode Ι and mode II fractures, while single fibre pull-out tests and 3-point-bending beam tests provide validation of the effectiveness of the integrated FDEM framework for the mesoscale modelling of SFRC. The discussion also covers employing the mesoscale modelling method to investigate the effect of steel fibre on the fracture properties of SFRC. Owing to its merits in quantitative analysis, the present method can serve as a feasible potential tool for mesoscale modelling analysis and SFRC design.

Crane-powered pectus excavatum repair: the NeoPectus surgery.

The conventional technique for pectus excavatum repair was pushing up the depressed chest wall by turning over the convexity of the bent pectus bar. We developed a new concept in which a total crane lift was used as the source of power to elevate the depressed sternum without using pectus bar leverage. This study aims to verify the efficacy of exclusively crane-powered pectus excavatum repair in recent years. Among the 3622 pectus deformity repairs since 1999, 691 cases repaired with the total crane power between 2017 and 2022 were enrolled. The mean age was 12.0 years (3-45). The operative technique involved wire/screw crane elevation of the sternum, the entire chest wall remodeling with the cross or parallel bars, the bridge/claw bar fixations, and other adjunctive techniques. Outcome analysis included morphological variations, patterns of pectus bar placement, and complication rates. The crane technique and pectoscopy (100%) were used. The bar placements were parallel (22.0%) and cross-bar (47.5%). The bar fixations were the claw fixators for a single bar (30.5%) and the bridge plates for multiple bars (69.5%). The flare-buster and magic strings were liberally used. No serious complications or catastrophic events occurred, but minor complications occurred in 16.9%: pneumothorax in 7.4% (51), pleural effusion in 1.6% (11), and wound problems in 0.4% (3). There was no case of bar displacement. The crane-powered pectus excavatum repair showed excellent results with minimal complications and no bar displacement. This innovative approach, part of the NeoPectus surgery, represents a significant advancement in correcting pectus excavatum deformities by utilizing a crane machine to elevate the chest wall.

Recent Advancements in Pectus Surgery: Crane Lifting, Multiple-Bar Approach, Bridge Stabilization, and Sandwich Technique

PurposeThe most recent procedure for pectus excavatum repair involves crane-powered entire chest wall remodeling, which employs crane lifting, multiple-bar approach, bridge stabilization, and sandwich techniques.This resulted in a paradigm shift in pectus deformity repair from merely lifting the sunken bone to remodeling the chest wall into normal anatomy. MethodsWe analyzed 649 patients who underwent surgery for pectus excavatum or complex combined deformities between March 2018 and January 2022. A crane with sternal wiring or screwing was used to lift the chest wall without using the pectus bar turning power. Multiple bars with bridge connections were placed to eliminate bar displacement. Modified sandwich techniques were applied to relieve the lower coastal flare (flare-buster) and focal protuberance (magic string). ResultsThe mean age of the patients included in the study was 12.2 years (range: 3–45 years). A single bar was used for 202 patients until 2021. For the multiple-bar technique, parallel bars (n = 142), crossbars (n = 166), and crossbars plus upper horizontal bars (XI pattern; n = 139) were used. The overall complication rate was 6.2 %. There was no cases of bar displacement were observed, but other minor complications such as pneumothorax (n = 20, 3.1 %), pleural effusion (n = 7, 1.1 %), and wound infection (n = 5, 0.8 %) were detected. Three patients required reoperation (infection, two: hemorrhage, one). ConclusionsThe crane-powered entire chest wall remodeling technique improved the safety and comprehensiveness of the repair procedure. By incorporating bridge stabilization and the use of multiple bars, we effectively resolved the issues related to bar displacement and incomplete repair. Type of StudyRetrospective Cohort Study. Level of Evidence3.

Sedimentary Characteristics and Internal Architecture of a Sandy Braided River: Insights from a Numerical Model

Sandy braided river deposits are widely observed in ancient stratigraphic records and modern sedimentary basins. Frequent channel migration shapes intricate internal architecture, while research on its influence on fine sedimentary architecture remains limited. This study utilizes DELFT3D to simulate and analyze the sedimentary processes and architecture of the channel bar in a sandy braided river. The results show that: (1) The channel bar consists of downstream accretion (DA), lateral accretion (LA), and aggradational accretion (AA). (2) Channel bars can be divided into three types: unit bars, compound bars, and complex compound bars. Unit bars are lobate-shaped and consist of multiple accretions, including DA in the core, AA layered above, and LA deposited on the sides. Compound bars result from the migration and amalgamation of multiple unit bars, characterized by a greater number of accretions. Compound bars can further be classified as DA-dominated or LA-dominated, depending on the dominant accretion type. Complex compound bars form from the merging of multiple unit bars and compound bars. In this paper, insights from a braided river on its sedimentary processes and evolution may help to improve river management and water resources research. The in-depth understanding of sedimentary architecture on channel bars can be utilized for detailed subsurface oil and gas reservoir characterization.

Buckling-restrained brace with multiple steel bar cores using SHS outer tube

To overcome the limited maximum strength of buckling-restrained braces (BRBs) using single roll-threaded processed core bars, a BRB with multiple steel bar cores was proposed in a recent study. Its mechanical behavior was revealed by experimental studies; however, improvements are required in the structure of the BRB owing to its complexity and heavy weight. This study proposes an improved BRB with multiple steel bar cores in which the dual buckling-restraining member consists of a square hollow section (SHS) outer tube and two sets of circular hollow section (CHS) inner tubes. The outer tube is used to improve the flexural stiffness and solve the weight issues associated with the previous type. Three full-scale specimens were tested to determine their mechanical behaviors, such as the hysteresis behavior and internal force variation of the restraining members. The test results indicate that the proposed BRB can exhibit a stable hysteresis response and satisfactory energy dissipation if it fulfills the requirements of restraining members stipulated in the design method. Furthermore, finite element analysis (FEA) was used to determine the cyclic behavior of the proposed BRB. Based on the analysis results, the inner tube failure mode, core buckling response, and variation in the core strain distribution are presented to complement the observations obtained from the tests.

Bi-Level Dimmable LED Driver in Refrigerated Display Lighting Systems

Commercial refrigerated display lighting (RDL) systems require LED drivers to provide constant 24 V to multiple LED light bars connected in parallel, each with a built-in current regulator to maintain a constant output brightness. The system uses a passive infrared motion detector to detect approach of people and a dimmer controller to further reduce the power consumption of the LED light bars. RDL system typically requires 100% and 20% only brightness control, so the dimmer controller can be replaced by a 0-10 V dimmable LED driver. By connecting a fixed resistor to the 0-10 V dimming interface, the brightness output can be set to 20%. However, the wiring of this technique is complex. This brief presents a new bi-level dimmable LED driver design that uses an astable multivibrator and totem pole gate driver integrated PWM dimming circuit to achieve a 20 brightness output through a single dimming wire, simplifying system wiring. The driver’s dimming wire is connected to the 24 V output voltage through the AC-powered passive infrared motion detector’s built-in relay, turning on the PWM dimming circuit to generate a 20% duty square wave signal that drives the internal series MOSFET at a frequency higher than 1.25 kHz to avoid LED flicker. This new design has been proven to have the advantages of high efficiency, low cost and easy wiring, and it can replace dimmer controller and 0-10 V dimmable LED driver in RDL applications.

Integrating IoT Technology for Improved Distribution Transformer Monitoring and Protection

Abstract This research study focuses on developing and implementing an IoT-based distribution transformer monitoring and protection system. The traditional methods of transformer protection and monitoring have proven to be inefficient and time-consuming, leading to the need for a more modern and effective solution. In this study, a low-cost prototype system is proposed to handle and control the main functions and problems of the distribution transformer through the internet. The proposed system allows for easy monitoring and protection of the transformer, enabling electric companies to improve efficiency and reduce labour and tool costs. The system is validated using Proteus software to simulate and obtain results from the hardware. The system results are displayed in multiple ways, including LCD, system bar, and internet, making it easier for electric companies and consumers in developing countries like Pakistan to monitor and control distribution transformers efficiently. This research study aims to provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of IoT-based distribution transformer monitoring and protection systems and their potential benefits in enhancing transformer performance and efficiency.

Exploring distinct types of intertidal bars on either side of a small estuary using a multifaceted approach

Multiple intertidal bars are common sedimentary landforms found on low-gradient sandy coasts exposed to low to moderate wave energy with a significant tidal range. However, studying the factors that influence their morphology can be challenging due to limited high-resolution field data and tools for bedform analysis. To address this, a multifaceted approach was used to investigate the morphology of intertidal bars at two adjacent tidal beaches on the north and south coasts of a small estuary on the Lianyungang coast of China. This approach included repeated real-time kinematic-global positioning system (RTK-GPS) leveling, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) surveys, surface sediment sampling, satellite remote sensing analysis, and automated bedform analysis. The study revealed two distinct types of intertidal bars on either side of the estuary with similar hydrodynamic settings. The north coast presented low-amplitude ridges (also called ridges and runnels), while the south coast had sand waves. The north coast displayed 2–5 oblique, asymmetrical, and dynamic bars that appeared at the seaward end of the intertidal zone and migrated landward to eventually attach to the steep beach on the landward end of the intertidal zone, representing a life cycle. The south coast had 6–9 parallel, continuous, symmetrical, and stable sand bars occupying the lower part of the intertidal zone. Due to the nearly identical hydrodynamic background, the alongshore variability in sediment supply is suggested as a key factor driving the formation of distinct types of bars.

Inter-annual morphological evolution and volume changes of a meso- to macrotidal beach exhibiting multiple intertidal bars (MITB)

Although morphologically persistent in the long term, Multiple Intertidal Bar Systems (MITBs) display short-term, especially seasonal, morphodynamic behaviour. Analysis of high-density, monthly DGPS surveys conducted at Murlough and Ballykinler beaches, inter- and supratidal sediment volumes and hydrodynamic forcing (wave conditions and water levels), demonstrates a link between strong seasonality in wave climate and MITB beach behaviour. Summer, low-energy conditions limit cross-shore sediment exchange during which MITB beach morphology tends to stabilise throughout the season. With the onset of high-energy winter conditions cross-shore sediment exchanges occur between inter- and supratidal areas. Sediment transport is then enhanced during storm conditions that are coincident with spring tides, leading to high total water levels (TWL). Ultimately the storm sequencing, (frequency, magnitude and inter-storm interval), is the key parameter driving the beach morphological response. Major erosional patterns occur when the most energetic event, combined with spring high tide, occurs at the beginning of the winter season. Subsequent, less energetic storms then promote bar recovery until another extreme event occurs.Seasonality is also evident in alongshore dynamics. Cross-shore drainage channels that dissect the intertidal bars migrate alongshore, driving alongshore sediment transport and MITB longshore migration patterns. In summer migration of drainage channels is limited, whereas the winter high-energy forcing enhances channel migration rates and resulting sediment transport. Differences in dynamics between the two study sites are attributed to differences in local geology, beach morphology and sediment size, but in both locations, drainage channels are in fine migrating toward the inlet and associated ebb delta that divides the bay. Subsequent transport vectors are unknown, but the observations highlight the primary role of the inlet in the sediment circulation dynamics in the system as a whole.