Multiple Arrays Research Articles

Abstract 12044: Injectable Contraceptive, Medroxyprogesterone Acetate, Produces Erratic Beating Patterns in Patient-Specific Re-Engineered Heart Cells With Type 2 Long QT Syndrome

Background: Type 2 long QT syndrome (LQT2) is an inherited arrhythmia syndrome caused by pathogenic variants in the KCNH2 gene which result in QT prolongation and confers susceptibility to arrhythmic syncope/seizures and sudden cardiac arrest/death. Oral progestin-based contraceptives increase the risk of cardiac events in women with LQT2 and we previously reported the case of a LQT2 woman with recurrent cardiac events attributed to the use of the progestin-based contraceptive, Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (“Depo-Provera”, Depo). Objective: To evaluate the arrhythmic-risk of Depo in a LQT2-specific, induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte (iPSC-CM) model. Methods: An iPSC-CM line was generated from the previously reported woman (KCNH2-G1006A*fs) as well as a control line. Voltage-sensing dye was used to assess the optical action potential duration (APD) with 10 μM Depo. 3-D erratic beating patterns were then assessed using multiple electrode array (MEA) with Depo and isoproterenol (ISO) to mimic an adrenergic surge. Results: Addition of Depo to the G1006A*fs iPSC-CMs decreased the optical APD from baseline 438±14 ms (n=6) to 363±35 ms (n=12; p=0.0001). Despite the APD shortening at baseline, in the setting of ISO, Depo administration induced erratic beating patterns in MEA, characterized as alternating spike amplitudes, alternans, or early after depolarization-like phenomena. Combined Depo and ISO treatment increased the percent of electrodes displaying erratic beating in G1006A*fs [baseline 8%±13 vs. Depo + ISO 38%±40 (p=0.0097)] but not in controls [baseline 2%±5 vs. Depo + ISO 7%±11 (p=0.14)]. Neither Depo nor ISO alone changed beating patterns in G1006A*fs [baseline 8%±13, Depo 30%±41 (p=0.08), ISO 21%±30, (p=0.17)] and controls [baseline 2%±5, Depo 3%±7 (p=0.61), ISO 0%±0 (p=0.4)]. Conclusion: This patient-specific, re-engineered heart cell study provides a potential mechanism for the patient’s clinically documented, Depo-associated episodes of recurrent ventricular fibrillation. This in-vitro data should prompt a large-scale clinical assessment of Depo’s potential pro-arrhythmic effect in women with LQT2.

Integrated seismic source model of the 2021M7.1 Fukushima earthquake

SUMMARYWe constructed an integrated rupture model of the 2021 Mw 7.1 Fukushima earthquake, an intraplate earthquake, by resolving both its spatiotemporal distribution of slip-rate and high-frequency (∼1 Hz) radiations. We analysed near-field seismic observations using a novel finite-fault inversion method that allows automatic parametrization and teleseismic data from multiple arrays using the MUSIC backprojection (BP) method that enhances imaging resolution. The inverted slip distribution obtained from waveforms filtered in the frequency band of 0.02–0.2 Hz showed that the kinematic rupture propagated along both the strike (∼35 km) and dip directions (∼85 km), and that the large-slip area was located southwest to the hypocentre with a maximum slip of ∼1.03 m. Overall, no obvious frequency-dependent rupture behaviours occurred during the rupture process due to the deep nucleation of the Fukushima earthquake on a heterogeneous fault where sizes of asperities do not monotonically increase with depth, which sheds light on understanding the rupture dynamics of intraplate earthquakes in subduction zones. Both the slip inversion and BP revealed the general rupture feature of this earthquake with southwestward and updip directivity. A comparison of BPs between multiple arrays indicates that the source–receiver geometry and the directivity effect of an earthquake may cause critical discrepancies in BPs of different arrays. From the temporal change of stress around the hypocentre of the 2021 Fukushima earthquake due to the 2011 Tohoku-Oki Mw 9.1 earthquake, the long-term dominance of viscoelastic relaxation increased the Coulomb failure function (CFF) by 0.3–0.7 MPa, indicating that the occurrence of the Fukushima earthquake has been likely promoted by the post-seismic deformation due to the Tohoku-Oki earthquake.

Effects of sawtooth heat pulses on edge flows and turbulence in a tokamak plasma

Enhancements of edge zonal flows, radial electric fields, and turbulence are observed in electron cyclotron resonance heating-heated plasmas (Zhao et al 2013 Nucl. Fusion 53 083011). In this paper, the effects of sawtooth heat pulses on flows and turbulence are presented. These experiments are performed using multiple Langmuir probe arrays in the edge plasmas of the HL-2A tokamak. The edge zonal flows, radial electric fields, and turbulence are all enhanced by sawteeth. Propagation of the zonal flow and turbulence intensities is also observed. The delay time of the maximal intensity of the electric fields, zonal flows, and turbulence with respect to the sawtooth crashes is estimated as ∼1 ms and comparable to that of the sawtooth-triggered intermediate phases. Not only the zonal flows but also the radial electric fields lag behind the turbulence. Furthermore, the intensities of both the zonal flows and electric fields nearly linearly increase/decrease with the increase/decrease of the turbulence intensity. A double-source predator–prey model analysis suggests that a relatively strong turbulence source may contribute to the dominant zonal flow formation during sawtooth cycles.

Performance Evaluation of Datapath designs using FinFET and MOSFET

The VLSI Technology has been progressing significantly and the circuits which consume less power become major concern factor for designing todays ICs for Microprocessors and other various systems components. The Datapath is important part of a system. Adders, multipliers, and shift registers are the major components of data path unit of ALU. Almost all digital circuits and chips are made of MOSFET as the basic switching element. But same MOSFET suffers due to Short Channel Effects (SCEs) when scaled down to nano regime, which has promoted multigate device called FinFET. And this FinFET device overcomes the SCEs at technology nodes. In this paper 28T and 16T MOSFET and FinFET based full adders are designed. Using adders, 4x4 array multiplier is designed using both MOSFET and FinFET technology along with it Serial in Serial out shift register designs. The circuits designed based on MOSFET and FinFET are analyzed in terms of power and delay at various nodes. From the software characterization and analysis, it is understood that FinFET based circuits promise better performance at lower technology nodes like 22nm and 14nm than higher technology nodes in MOSFET like 250nm, 180nm, 90nm and 45nm. Hence FinFET becomes a promising device for future IC technology.

A highly sensitive, easy-and-rapidly-fabricable microfluidic electrochemical cell with an enhanced three-dimensional electric field

An NP-μFEC is a reusable, novel microfluidic electrochemical cell with multiple non-planar interdigitated microelectrode arrays, minimal sample volume, and enhanced electric field penetration for highly sensitive electrochemical analysis. (i) The NP-μFEC features spatial 3-electrode architecture, and a small sample volume (∼4 μL). (ii) Here, [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- redox couple are used as an electrochemical reporter. The effects on the electrochemical properties of NP-μFEC due to the change in the reference electrode (RE) and counter electrode (CE)'s position with respect to the working electrode (WE) position are analyzed. For NP-μFEC, the position of the RE with respect to the WE does not affect the CV, DPV electrochemical profiles. However, the spacing between the CE and WE plays a significant role. (iii) The enhanced three-dimensional electric field penetration in NP-μFEC is validated by finite element analysis simulation using COMSOL Multiphysics. (iv) Without electrode surface modifications, NP-μFEC shows a detection limit (DL) of ∼2.54 × 10−6 M for aqueous [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- probe. (v) The DL for Cu2+, Fe3+, and Hg2+ are 30.5±9.5 μg L−1, 181±58.5 μg L−1, and 12.4±1.95 μg L−1, respectively, which meets the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)'s water contamination level for Cu, Fe, and is close to that for Hg (EPA limits are 1300 μg L−1, 300 μg L−1, and 2 μg L−1, respectively). (vi) Further, using a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer to form the channel and create the NP-μFEC configuration simplifies the manufacturing process, making it cost-effective and allowing for rapid adoption in any research lab. NP-μFEC is used to detect heavy metal ions in water. This demonstrates that cost-effective, easy-to-fabricate NP-μFEC can be a new sensitive electrochemical platform.

Modeling sonar performance using J-divergence

This presentation demonstrates the use of J-divergence as a performance measure for detection in a sonar system. The inherent inaccuracies between system-level performance and the cell-level (PD,PF) detector operating point used in traditional analysis open the door to using approximate performance measures such as J-divergence. The properties of J-divergence making it an appealing choice are covered: summing to accrue J-divergence across multiple independent measurements (e.g., from multiple source signals, waveforms, or arrays), a data-processing inequality dictating that processing cannot improve J-divergence, and an asymptotic relationship to the traditional (PD,PF) operating point. Simple forward models of J-divergence are presented for matched filters and energy detectors when applied to the standard signal models in Gaussian noise. A “design” J-divergence, which is chosen by the desired qualitative performance level, is used in simple equations to obtain the “design” SNR require to achieve it. This provides a direct replacement for the detection threshold (DT) term in the sonar equation that is easier to apply and evaluate. Example applications of J-divergence are presented illustrating its utility in the modeling and adaptation of current systems as well as the design and analysis of new ones.

ACBAM-Accuracy-Configurable Sign Inclusive Broken Array Booth Multiplier Design

Approximate computing technique has been adopted in recent years to develop low power design solutions targeted towards error-tolerant applications. Since the accuracy requirements of an application can vary dynamically at run-time, there is a justified need to design reconfigurable approximate circuits with varying power requirements proportional to computational accuracy. In this paper, we have proposed a novel accuracy reconfigurable approximate booth multiplier circuit. The design involves partial error correction through the addition of sign bits in a broken array multiplier. The design space of sign inclusive 16-bit broken array multipliers is thoroughly analyzed to include only non-redundant accuracy modes. The horizontal and vertical breaks introduced in the booth multiplier circuit are controlled using external control signals stored in a ROM. The proposed reconfigurable multiplier achieves significant power savings compared to accurate multiplier circuit and state-of-the-art accuracy configurable multiplier designs.

A programmable system to methylate and demethylate N6-methyladenosine (m6A) on specific RNA transcripts in mammalian cells

RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant internal mRNA modification and forms part of an epitranscriptomic system that modulates RNA function. m6A is reversibly catalyzed by specific enzymes, and those modifications can be recognized by RNA-binding proteins that in turn regulate biological processes. Although there are many reports demonstrating m6A participation in critical biological functions, this exploration has mainly been conducted through the global KO or knockdown of the writers, erasers, or readers of m6A. Consequently, there is a lack of information about the role of m6A on single transcripts in biological processes, posing a challenge in understanding the biological functions of m6A. Here, we demonstrate a CRISPR/dCas13a-based RNA m6A editors, which can target RNAs using a single or multiple CRISPR RNA array to methylate or demethylate m6A in human 293T cells and mouse embryonic stem cells. We systematically assay its capabilities to enable the targeted rewriting of m6A dynamics, including modulation of circular RNA translation and transcript half-life. Finally, we use the system to specifically modulate m6A levels on the noncoding XIST (X-inactive specific transcript) to modulate X chromosome silencing and activation. The editors described here can be used to explore the roles of m6A in biological processes.

Development of a 16-Channel Broadband Piezoelectric Micro Ultrasonic Transducer Array Probe for Pipeline Butt-Welded Defect Detection.

Butt welding is extensively applied in long-distance oil and gas pipelines, and it is of great significance to conduct non-destructive ultrasonic testing of girth welds in order to avoid leakage and safety accidents during pipeline production and operation. In view of the limitations of large transducer size, single fixed beam angle, low detection resolution and high cost of conventional ultrasonic inspection technologies, a 16-channel piezoelectric micro ultrasonic transducer (PMUT) array probe was developed through theoretical analysis and structural optimization design. After the probe impedance characterization, the experimental results show that the theoretical model can effectively guide the design of the ultrasonic transducer array, offering the maximum operating frequency deviation of less than 5%. The ultrasonic echo performance tests indicate that the average −6 dB bandwidth of the PMUT array probe can be up to 77.9%. In addition, the fabricated PMUT array probe has been used to successfully detect five common internal defects in pipeline girth welds. Due to the multiple micro array elements, flexible handling of each element, large bandwidth and high resolution of defect detection, the designed PMUT array probe can provide a good application potential in structural health monitoring and medical ultrasound imaging fields.

Direct Position Determination of Noncircular Sources with Multiple Nested Arrays via Weighted Subspace Data Fusion

Direct position determination (DPD) of noncircular (NC) sources for multiple nested arrays (NA) is researched in this study. For noncircular sources, the dimension reduction method is used to decrease the computing complexity and remove the noncircular phase. Furthermore, nested array and noncircular sources extend spatial degree of freedom. Due to inferior stability and noise susceptibility of original algorithm, we propose SNR weighted subspace data fusion (W-SDF) algorithm. Each observation station places a nested array, spatial smoothing technology, and sum and difference co-array are used to deal with the nested array. Simulation results show that under nested array and noncircular sources, the proposed W-SDF algorithm has decreased the complexity of the algorithm and improved the location accuracy, degree of freedom, and resolution.

Ultralow-frequency flexural wave attenuation in a beam with periodically attached quasi-zero-stiffness resonators

Ultralow-frequency band gaps are realized to suppress the ultralow-frequency flexural wave propagation in the beams with periodically attached quasi-zero-stiffness (QZS) resonators, which are designed by inserting quasi-zero-stiffness systems into the mass-in-mass structures. The band structure and the transfer matrix of the QZS locally resonant beam are derived by the transfer matrix method to quantify the wave attenuation performance of band gaps. Then, the effect of the stiffness ratio on the bandgap characteristic is studied. It is shown that, thanks to the introduction of the QZS system, the band gaps can be easily transferred to lower frequency or even ultralow frequency without weakening the static stiffness of the resonators. Finally, the flexural wave propagation in locally resonant beam consisting of multiple periodic arrays of QZS resonators is investigated. The result shows that differential design of the bandgap frequencies can be easily realized by adjusting the negative stiffness coefficient of the QZS resonators, so as to obtain broadband flexural wave suppression performance.

Design and Analysis of Dual-Band High-Gain THz Antenna Array for THz Space Applications

In this paper, a high-gain THz antenna array is presented. The array uses a polyimide substrate with a thickness of 10 μm, a relative permittivity of 3.5, and an overall volume of 2920 μm × 1055 μm × 10 μm, which can be employed for THz band space communication and other interesting applications. The dual-band single-element antenna is designed in four steps, while operating at 0.714 and 0.7412 THz with −10 dB bandwidths of 4.71 and 3.13 GHz, providing gain of 5.14 and 5 dB, respectively. In order to achieve a high gain, multiple order antenna arrays are designed such as the 2 × 1 antenna array and the 4 × 1 antenna array, named type B and C, respectively. The gain and directivity of the proposed type C THz antenna array are 12.5 and 11.23 dB, and 12.532 and 11.625 dBi at 0.714 and 0.7412 THz, with 99.76 and 96.6% radiation efficiency, respectively. For justification purposes, the simulations of the type B antenna are carried out in two simulators such as the CST microwave studio (CSTMWS) and the advance design system (ADS), and the performance of the type B antenna is compared with an equivalent circuit model on the bases of return loss, resulting in strong agreement. Furthermore, the parametric analysis for the type C antenna is done on the basis of separation among the radiating elements in the range 513 to 553 μm. A 64 × 1 antenna array is used to achieve possible gains of 23.8 and 24.1 dB, and directivity of 24.2 and 24.5 dBi with good efficiencies of about 91.66 and 90.35% at 0.7085 and 0.75225 THz, respectively, while the 128 × 1 antenna array provides a gain of 26.8 and 27.2 dB, and directivity of 27.2 and 27.7 dBi with good efficiency of 91.66 and 90.35% at 0.7085 and 0.75225 THz, respectively. All the results achieved in this manuscript ensure the proposed design is a feasible candidate for high-speed and free space wireless communication systems.

Unidirectional absorption, storage, and emission of single photons in a collectively responding bilayer atomic array

Two-dimensional regular arrays of atoms are a promising platform for quantum networks, with collective subradiant states providing long-lived storage and collimated emission allowing for natural coherent links between arrays in free space. However, a single-layer lattice can only efficiently absorb or emit light symmetrically in the forward and backward directions. Here we show how a bilayer lattice can absorb a single photon either incident from a single direction or an arbitrary superposition of forward and backward propagating components. The excitation can be stored in a subradiant state, transferred coherently between different subradiant states, and released, again in an arbitrary combination of highly collimated forward and backward propagating components. We explain the directionality of single and bilayer arrays by a symmetry analysis based on the scattering parities of different multipole radiation components of collective excitations. The collective modes may exhibit the conventional half-wave loss of fields near the array interface or completely eliminate it. The proposed directional control of absorption and emission paves the way for effective one-dimensional quantum communication between multiple arrays, with single-photons propagating backward and forward between quantum information-processing and storage stages.

Design of Low Power Multiplier with Less Area Using Quaternary Carry Increment Adder for New-Fangled Processors

Multiplication is one of the most basic processes, in digital signal processing applications. To process the instructions, most processors require multiplication. Because multipliers are employed in almost all arithmetic operations, they consume the majority of time and power. As a nutshell, the multiplier's efficiency is critical in terms of enhancing processor performance. The array multiplier is one of the most efficient multipliers since it is both quick and simple. However, power consumption is high. The basic components of an array multiplier are adders. The multiplier's efficiency will improve if the adders are much more efficient. The prior study used Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) to construct a Quaternary Carry-Lookahead Adder (CLA) that substitutes the adder circuit in the array multiplier. Quaternary number system circuits are quicker than binary number system circuits and can execute arithmetic operations without carry. However, Quaternary circuits take up more space. As a solution, the Quaternary Carry Increment Adder (CIA) is proposed. The proposed adder consumes less power and occupies less area than the existing Quaternary CLA. In the array multiplier, the Quaternary CIA substitutes the Quaternary CLA. This helps to lower the multiplier's power and area consumption. Tanner EDA tool is used to designing the circuits and were simulated with 180 nm technology. Various parameters such as delay, power and power-delay product of the existing and the proposed are measured and compared.

Digital Image Blending by Inexact Multiplication

Digital image blending is commonly used in applications such as photo editing and computer graphics where two images are combined to produce a desired blended image. Digital images can be blended by addition or multiplication, and usually exact addition or multiplication is performed for image blending. In this paper, we evaluate the usefulness of inexact multiplication for digital image blending. Towards this, we describe how an exact array multiplier can be made inexact by introducing vertical cut(s) in it and assigning distinct combinations of binary values to the dangling inputs and product bits. We considered many 8-bit digital images for blending and the blended images obtained using exact and inexact multipliers are shown, which demonstrates the usefulness of inexact multiplication for image blending. For 8 × 8 image blending, one of our inexact array multipliers viz. IAM01-VC8 was found to achieve 63.3% reduction in area, 21% reduction in critical path delay, 72.3% reduction in power dissipation, and 78.1% reduction in energy compared to the exact array multiplier. In addition, IAM01-VC8 achieved 60.6% reduction in area, 9.7% reduction in critical path delay, 64.7% reduction in power dissipation, and 68.1% reduction in energy compared to the high-speed exact 8 × 8 multiplier that was automatically synthesized using a logic synthesis tool. The exact and inexact multipliers were physically realized using 32/28 nm CMOS process technology.

Investigation on the hemispherical array structure for VLC transceiver

To achieve high quality, strong adaptability, and stability of visible light communication system, this paper plans to study the hemispherical array structure to realize the alignment of the light path. The structured surface covers multiple LED and PD detection arrays according to the longitude and weft direction, realizing the bidirectional sending and receiving model. It is demonstrated that the effective light intensity ratio of the hemispherical array is higher than that of the planar array, and the interference between channels of the hemispherical array is less than that of the planar array under the same conditions. In addition, the influence mechanism of optical mechanism parameters (transceiver hemisphere array radius, LED tilt angle, and PD tilt angle) on beam scattering is established, and the influence of relative position changes between LED array and PD array on communication performance is clarified.

DESIGN OF CONVEX AND CONCAVE DUAL BENT ARRAY FOR 5G LENS ANTENNA SYSTEM

Previous research on the multi-beam system for the fifth generation (5G) application has shown that the number of feed elements of a lens antenna system at the mobile base station is increasing due to the massive MIMO requirements. The design of the array circuits of the 5G lens antenna systems will be more complicated due to the feeding structure, which consists of the power dividers and phase shifters, thus contributing to higher feeding losses. The antenna fabrication process also becomes more complicated. Besides that, the conventional array feed also produces a single radiation beam only. Thus, a large space is needed, where array feed antennas should be arranged to perform wide-angle beam scanning for 5G massive MIMO operation. Therefore, to overcome these issues, this paper uses a bent array configuration as the lens antenna feed to produce bifurcated beam radiation and has a wide beam angle from the feed radiator to the lens edge. Multiple bent arrays are arranged on the lens axis to generate a multi-beam by cylindrical lens antenna. This paper shows a comparison of the bent array in convex and concave configurations. This process investigates the mutual coupling when more than one bent array is arranged as feed radiators. By comparing the arrays in convex and concave structures, it is observed that the convex structure produces a better-bifurcated beam with a smaller middle lobe. The antenna also produces the same bifurcated beam shifting angle, θs for both ports, when s = 4λ is used. It is verified as the optimum spacing value between two bent array structures by the optimization process.

Efficacy Evaluation of Inflammatory Mediators in the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma with Daratumumab.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the regulatory ability and clinical therapeutic effect of daratumumab on inflammatory mediators in patients with multiple myeloma. Method The Multiple Myeloma Public Genetic Data Array download GSE125361 dataset was collected. The GO analysis and KEGG analysis were performed on the differential genes to elucidate the multiple myeloma cytokine-related gene pathways. Daratumumab is a CD38 monoclonal antibody used to treat multiple myeloma. Patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma were treated with monoclonal antibodies containing CD38, and the control group was treated with a regimen without daratumumab. The serum levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were measured in the two groups before and after treatment and the therapeutic effects of the two groups were compared. Result The KEGG analysis showed that the Th17 cell differentiation, apoptosis, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathways were differentially expressed in multiple myeloma. The expression levels of serum IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α in patients in the daratumumab group were lower than those in the control group after chemotherapy. The overall effective rate of patients treated with daratumumab after chemotherapy was higher than that of the control group. Conclusion Daratumumab can effectively improve the levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α in patients with multiple myeloma and improve the therapeutic effect.

Performance Analysis Antenna Diversity Technique with Wavelet Transform Using Array Gain for Millimeter Wave Communication System

Utilizing antenna diversity techniques has become a well-known approach to improve the performance of wireless communication systems. Multiple antenna arrays with half-length spacing, such as a uniform linear array (ULA), have been taken into consideration. Since 60 GHz is an unlicensed frequency band and ideal for local propagation, it is where the technology is being used. The transmitter and receiver both accomplish QAM modulation and demodulation. The performance in terms of bit error rate (BER) was tested in MATLAB simulation software for all antenna diversity scenarios: the single input and single output (SISO) DWT, multiple input and single output (MISO) DWT, single input and multiple output (SIMO) DWT, and multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) DWT. The MIMO DWT was shown to be the best of them. The performance of MIMO OFDM using various wavelets was also simulated, and the performance of the Haar wavelet transform was 2 dB better than that of the other wavelet transform. Compared to simulation results, the analytical results showed good agreement with little discrepancy.

Robot-Based Calibration Procedure for Graphene Electronic Skin.

The paper describes the semi-automatised calibration procedure of an electronic skin comprising screen-printed graphene-based sensors intended to be used for robotic applications. The variability of sensitivity and load characteristics among sensors makes the practical use of the e-skin extremely difficult. As the number of active elements forming the e-skin increases, this problem becomes more significant. The article describes the calibration procedure of multiple e-skin array sensors whose parameters are not homogeneous. We describe how an industrial robot equipped with a reference force sensor can be used to automatise the e-skin calibration procedure. The proposed methodology facilitates, speeds up, and increases the repeatability of the e-skin calibration. Finally, for the chosen example of a nonhomogeneous sensor matrix, we provide details of the data preprocessing, the sensor modelling process, and a discussion of the obtained results.