Multilingual Glossary Research Articles

The Realization of ICA Commission Projects on Planetary Cartography

The International Cartographic Association (ICA) Commission on Planetary Cartography was officially established on the basis of the ICA Planetary Cartography Working Group at the ICA Congress in Ottawa in August 1999. Its goal is to develop materials and information intended to aid in the global dissemination of planetary cartographic information. The overall theme of this effort is the harmonization of international planetary cartographic activities. The commission's activities can help especially in those countries not actively involved in ongoing spacecraft missions, bringing together scientists from diverse backgrounds (planetary science, earth science, cartography) who have not interacted previously, along with map and atlas publishers. The Planetary Cartography Database, the Multilingual Planetary Maps, and the Multilingual Glossary can serve as a reliable resource for cartographers who wish to produce and study planetary maps.

Modern European military fortifications, 1870-1950: a selective annotated bibliography

This selected bibliography on modern European fortifications, from 1850 to 1950, provides a selection of the most important books and articles written on this topic. The work covers regions and countries and includes many sources on such popular topics such as the Maginot Line along with lesser known fortifications such as the Salpa Line and the Swiss National Redoubt. References for the fortifications that appear cover everything from the Iberian Peninsula to the Soviet Union and from Scandinavia to the Mediterranean countries. This work includes not only American and English, but also non-English publications. This source features books and articles done in the nineteenth and twentieth century ending in December 2000. Each contributor is a member of SITE O, an international fortifications research group. In addition to helpful annotations, each chapter includes summaries on the fortifications. Also features a multi-lingual glossary and reference maps.

A Draft List of Terms Related to Cultural Geography in Japan: Contributing to the Multilingual Glossary of Cultural Approaches in Geography of IGU

The development of new terminologies to reflect the recent trends in geography is essential in order to further the advancement of geographical studies. In 1998 the author was requested to draft a list of English-Japanese terms for the Project on the Multilingual Glossary of Cultural Approaches in Geography by the IGU Study Group on the Cultural Approach in Geography. Considering the importance of Japanese terms in cultural geography, he participated in the project as a member of the specialist team from Japan. The list was compiled over several stages. First, over 5, 000 terms were selected from about 1, 100 research papers on cultural geography published during the period 1987-1996. These terms were then compared with those that appeared in the summaries, chapter titles, and map/figure titles of 55 articles appearing in the four major geographical journals and also with those that appeared in the indexes and chapter titles of two books on cultural geography during the same period. In this manner, the first list of English-translated Japanese terms relating to cultural geography was compiled. Working under the guidance of project leader Dr. Vladimir Annenkov, the author reduced the exhaustive list to more manageable size. The revised list of English-translated terms for the IGU project was finally compiled. The terms tabulated in this paper (see Table 1) are classified into two groups according to meaning. Group A consists of terms that show or bear many fields of geography and their various fundamental concepts and related disciplines. Group B consists of fundamental terms representing more concrete concepts than those of Group A.

Measuring international students' understanding of concepts related to the use of library-based technology

The ACRL Instruction Section's Committee on Instruction for Diverse Populations developed a multilingual glossary of terms related to the use of library-based technology. This study is a field test of the glossary. Methodology involved two parts, a survey of international students' perceived knowledge of the terms, followed by a series of test questions to measure the degree of their actual knowledge. Degrees of knowledge ranged from not understanding enough English to know what a term meant, to knowing what a term meant to the degree of being able to explain it to others. The majority of students believed that such a glossary would be helpful when using the library, as well as other library materials presented in translation.

La terminologie de l’alpinisme dans les dictionnaires

L'alpinisme a connu, depuis ses origines, un développement remarquable : extension de son "terrain de jeu", diversification, spécialisation, modification dans sa pratique avec l'utilisation de nouvelles techniques, de nouveaux équipements. L'escalade, moyen d'accès à l'alpinisme, devient aujourd'hui discipline indépendante lorsqu'elle s'exerce en falaises, sur blocs et sur structures artificielles. Nous étudierons dans cet article comment ce vocabulaire de spécialité a été appréhendé par les auteurs de dictionnaires de langue généraux et de dictionnaires spécialisés monolingues et multilingues en nous limitant à deux aspects du traitement lexicographique : l'analyse des nomenclatures alpines et l'information historique, cette dernière n'ayant pas, à notre connaissance, encore été envisagée par les métalexicographes pour ce qui concerne les vocabulaires de spécialités. L'élaboration de nomenclatures actualisées, représentatives du nouvel alpinisme, devrait permettre la mise en chantier d'un répertoire multilingue indispensable à la pratique, dans le cadre de l'adaptation à une nouvelle politique économique du milieu de la montagne. Notre analyse de la nature des informations historiques proposées dans les dictionnaires de langue, à travers la mention des premières attestations, fera apparaître la confusion existant actuellement, entre datation-diffusion et datation-création, lorsque la datation est affaire des lexicographes. Les travaux dans ce domaine, entrepris à l'initiative du professeur Quemada, et menés au sein de l'équipe Matériaux pour l'histoire du vocabulaire français de l'INaLF, vont dans ce sens.

Recent Trends in Cultural Geography

The author believes that it is essential to establish a new model of terminology for recent trends in in order to further develop geographical studies. Fortunately in 1998, the author was requested to make a tentative list of English-Japanese terms for the Project on the Multilingual Glossary of Cultural Approach in Geography from the IGU Study Group. Not only to participate in the IGU project but also to advance his own research, the author compiled lists of the main terms used in cultural from the following three kinds of geographical sources in recent Japan.1) Terms selected from the titles of geographical research papers in cultural during 1987-1996 and published in Japan. The above-mentioned titles were collected in 'category 26 culture' of chirigaku bunken mokuroku (Bibliography of geography)* vol. 9 (1987-1991) and vol. 10 (1992-1996). The titles numbered about 1100 in all.2) Terms selected from the summaries, chapter titles and maps/figures' titles of 55 articles. These articles were carried in four major professional journals** of in Japan during 1987-1996.3) Terms selected from the index and chapter titles of books*** on cultural published during the same ten year period.From the vast number of terms from three kinds of geographical sources, 1290 main terms were selected according to three principles as follows:(a) those reflecting the characteristics of recent research in Japan, (b) terms neither on the basis of personal knowledge nor of personal liking, (c) those which are possible to compare with terms in other countries.Table 1, which occupies about half of this paper, shows not only the list of main terms but also their frequencies in the above-mentioned sources.1) The first row (X1) shows their frequencies by sub-category**** of cultural in Bibliography of geography vol. 92) The second row (X2) shows their frequencies by sub-category of cultural in Bibliography of geography vol. 103) The third row (Y1) shows their frequencies by journal during the first five years (1987-1991).4) The fourth row (Y2) shows their frequencies by journal during the latter five years (1992-1996).5) The fifth row (Z) shows their frequencies by book. In this case, the following book was included in addition to the two books.Bunka-chirigaku no keifu (History of Cultural Geography) written by Hisatake, T. (2000). Chijinshobo, Kyoto.The author believes that this table must make professional cultural geographers understand the recent trends in Japanese cultural in the respect of terms which are used.However, in order to make the trends more obvious, 152 important terms were selected out of the main terms on the basis of frequencies, and these were classified by four groups according to their frequencies. It is these important terms that are the most typical and which represent recent trends in Japanese cultural geography. Table 2 shows which of sixteen themes the important terms belong to by group on the basis of frequency. From Table 2, we can clearly recognize not only recent trends in cultural geography, especially in a theme, (M) behavior and information, but also the main study areas where Japanese cultural geographers undertook field surveys.*: The bibliography has been compiled even five years since 1953 by Editorial committee of The Human Geographical Society of Japan (Jimbun-Chiri Gakkai).**: Chirigaku-Hyoron (Geographical Review of Japan), Jimbun-Chiri (The Human Geography), Kikan-Chirigaku (Quaterly Journal of Geography) and chiri-kagaku (Geographical Sciences).***: Bunka-Chirigaku (Cultural Geography) edited by Ohshima, G. et al (1989).

International Research Group on Wear of Materials - IRG OECD

Regarded by many as ITC's sister organisation, the International Research Group on Wear of Engineering Materials (IRG) is a unique body: an informal grouping of tribologists with a wide range of backgrounds, united with a common interest in the wear of materials. It was founded nearly 30 years ago, and holds discussion meetings every one or two years. The core of the membership is a group of national representatives from OECD countries, all active in the field of tribology, who provide a very broad international base. Members take it in turn to organise meetings, and the 20 meetings which have taken place so far have moved all over Europe and also to Japan. The main theme in the discussion meetings, which typically last two or three days and attract 20 to 50 participants, is informality and the freedom to discuss new, and in some cases controversial, results and ideas in a friendly forum. Proceedings are not published, although speakers produce short abstracts of their presentations which are circulated to members of the group after each meeting; contributors are, however, encouraged to submit their work for journal publication where appropriate. Each meeting tries to address a particular topic within the main interests of the group, although contributions within the field of wear, of any type of material, are always welcome. Topics which have received particular attention in the past, and will continue to do so, include: all aspects of wear and friction testing; failure criteria and mechanisms for lubricated, concentrated contacts; methods for wear control, including materials characterisation and numerical modelling; and methods for presentation and analysis of tribological data. The IRG has also organised collaborative projects among its members, notably leading to a multilingual glossary of tribological terms, and the IRG transition diagram for representing the behaviour of lubricated contacts. There is no membership fee, and the group is self-financing through the modest registration fees charged for meetings, and the generosity of organisations which act as hosts.

Update of CPM/PERT Glossary of Terms

In the last decade, hundreds of speecialized journal articles, reports, books, and computer user manuals have been published in the field of project planning scheduling and control. For a better understanding and a unique language, a multilingual glossary of terms is proposed. There are more than 100 entries in English with commentary organized in alphabetical order related to CPM. Project planning, scheduling, and control are presented in the Appendix.

The Compleat Physicist

Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Physics Editor-in-Chief: J. Thewlis; Associated Editors: R. C. Glass, D. J. Hughes (deceased) and A. R. Meetham. Vol. 2: Compensator to Epicadmium Neutrons. Pp. ix + 880. Vol. 3: Epitaxy to Intermediate Image. Pp. ix + 894. Vol. 4: Intermediate State to Neutron Resonance Level. Pp. ix + 836. Vol. 5: Neutron Scattering to Radiation Constants. Pp. ix + 782. Vol. 6: Radiation Continuous to Stellar Luminosity. Pp. ix + 883. Vol 7: Stellar Magnitude to Zwitter Ion. Pp. ix + 866. Vol. 8: Subject and Author Indexes. Pp. viii + 498. Vol. 9: Multilingual Glossary. Pp. xvi + 988. (Oxford, London, New York and Paris: Pergamon Press. Vols. 2, 3, 4, 1961; Vols. 5, 6, 7, 1962; Vol. 8, 1963; and Vol. 9, 1964.) £106 net per set of 9 volumes.

Dictionary of Physics: The Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Physics . vols. 4-7. J. Thewlis, Ed. Pergamong, London; Macmillan, New York, 1961-62. $298. [For set of nine volumes, announced for publication. Volumes 1-3 were reviewed by Villars in Science 136, 867(1962). The index (vol. 8) and the multilingual glossary (vol. 9) are still not available.

Dictionary of Physics: <i>The Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Physics</i> . vols. 4-7. J. Thewlis, Ed. Pergamong, London; Macmillan, New York, 1961-62. $298. [For set of nine volumes, announced for publication. Volumes 1-3 were reviewed by Villars in <i>Science</i> 136, 867(1962). The index (vol. 8) and the multilingual glossary (vol. 9) are still not available.

Multilingual Glossary: Elsevier's Dictionary of General Physics in Six Languages: English/American, French, Spanish, Italian, Dutch, and German . Compiled by W. E. Clason. Elsevier, New York, 1962. 859 pp. $22.50.

Multilingual Glossary: <i>Elsevier's Dictionary of General Physics in Six Languages: English/American, French, Spanish, Italian, Dutch, and German</i> . Compiled by W. E. Clason. Elsevier, New York, 1962. 859 pp. $22.50.

Multilingual Glossary: Elsevier's Dictionary of General Physics in Six Languages: English/American, French, Spanish, Italian, Dutch, and German . Compiled by W. E. Clason. Elsevier, New York, 1962. 859 pp. $22.50.

Multilingual Glossary: <i>Elsevier's Dictionary of General Physics in Six Languages: English/American, French, Spanish, Italian, Dutch, and German</i> . Compiled by W. E. Clason. Elsevier, New York, 1962. 859 pp. $22.50.