Multilevel Control System Research Articles

Optimization model in the flexible manufacture

Flexible manufacturing shop is examined. Multilevel control system of the shop is built. The demands to the system construction are listed. The existing input information is insufficient for building of the inventory model, for choice and realization of the optimal model of the manufacture. By this reason the situation of the uncertainties is arise. For the purpose to find needed data and to receive necessary knowledge the following intelligence procedures are suggested: ”Pendulum” – for stock foundation and for construction of the inventory model, “Symmetry in the arithmetical progression” – to define the values of the coefficients with unknown quantities in the aim function of the optimal task. With the help of the procedure “Pendulum” the equal corteges of the quantum of time are building. Cortege of the quantum of time is the unit of the stock and the direction for selection of the kind of the optimization model. The optimization model of location is suggested to use. Building of the indicated models (they are small dimension and equal dimension) give the opportunity to organize the parallel calculations.

Modeling of multilevel control system based on Event-B

Aiming at the problems existing in the traditional development method of multilevel control system, this paper proposes a formal modeling solution based on Event-B from the perspective of practical application. Based on the analysis of four synchronization modes and the principle of multilevel control system, a formal method is introduced. On this basis, by formulating the refined strategy of the multilevel control system model, the iUML-B model meeting the security requirements is established step by step. Through the automatic transformation function of the Rodin, the iUML-B model of multilevel control system is automatically transformed into Event-B mode. In order to ensure the safety of the system, this paper uses the ProB to simulate and record the event trajectory. The results show that the formal modeling method based on Event-B greatly improves the security and development efficiency of industrial control.

Precision Temperature Control for the Laser Gyro Inertial Navigation System in Long-Endurance Marine Navigation.

In the Ring Laser Gyro Inertial Navigation System (RLG INS), the temperature characteristics of the accelerometer can directly influence the measurement results. In order to improve navigation accuracy in long-endurance marine navigation, the operating temperature of the accelerometer should be precisely controlled. Based on thermal studies on the accelerometer, temperature control precision should be better than 0.01 °C to achieve 1 × 10−5 m/s2 output accuracy of the accelerometer. However, this conclusion is obtained by approximate calculations and cannot be directly applied to different inertial navigation systems. In order to verify this thermal conclusion and broaden its application, the Back Propagation Neural Network (BP-NN) algorithm is adopted to validate the feasibility of temperature control in this paper. In addition, a multi-level temperature control system is also set up and carefully designed to support the validation and experiments under different conditions. Test results of the temperature control system prove that operating temperature variation can be reduced to 0.01 °C. Meanwhile, the standard deviation per hundred seconds of the accelerometer outputs, after temperature control, reaches 1 × 10−5 m/s2. Static altitude and navigation results were improved by 41.97% and 62.91%, respectively, with the precision temperature control system, which meets the long-endurance marine navigation requirements.

Management Technologies and Development of the Company's Activities

The production process uses various management and control methods, which are the driving force for the development and improvement of production, and its efficiency. The most important elements of the control and control process are the object, method and executor of control, as well as regulatory documentation for control. Improving the competitiveness and demand of consumers is provided through a multi-level control system that allows to monitor the compliance of products with technological and regulatory requirements at all stages of production. Targeted process management functions in product creation are expressed through metrics that can be planned, monitored, and regulated, and are compatible with quality information transmitted from one level of management to another, and evaluated on each.

The Wuhan model of visual health management for students : a referential framework for the public-school health system

According to the Healthy China Action Plan, gives full play to the role of preventing and controlling student myopia by promoting student health. The primary focus is placed on education in schools, and has integrated educational resources to develop a multi-level myopia prevention and control system and service network for school students. The network contains educational adminstrative, schools, families, and professional technical service organizations. By integrating multiple disciplines, has built a comprehensive vision health management service system for all students. The Internet and cloud intelligent monitoring facilitated the establishment of a smart vision health management platform for students, which thoroughly and efficiently implemented myopia prevention and control to safeguard students’ visual health by engaging in education, monitoring, and supervision. The prevention and control of student myopia is a breakthrough for comprehensive healthy development of students. A comparison of the standard myopia rate in in 2019 and 2018 revealed that the standard myopia rate at different learning stages of primary school, junior high school, and high school dropped by 3.31, 2.50, and 2.26 percentage points, respectively, and the rate of myopia in primary school was significantly lower than the national level. Post-epidemic surveys showed that the compliance rate and the awareness rate of the visual environment and visual behaviors of primary and secondary school students in reached more than 80%, and prevalence of newly onset myopia or decreased vision was 30%, which was lower than the national average. The Wuhan Model” provides an important referential framework for public health services for school students. 【摘 要】武汉市落实健康中国行动精神,充分发挥学生近视防控工作在学生健康促进中的作用,以教育为主线、以学校为 阵地,通过整合教育资源,建立由教育行政管理部门、学校、家庭和公益性专业技术服务机构组成的多层次学校学生近视综 合防控体系与服务网络,融合多学科,针对全体学生构建全过程的视力健康管理服务体系,并运用互联网+云智能监测,建 立智慧化学校学生视力健康管理平台,全面高效实施学校学生视力健康教育、监测、监控、监管工作的近视防控新路径,以 学生近视防控工作作为突破口,全面促进学生体质健康。武汉市 2019 与 2018 年标准近视率对比,不同学习阶段标准化近 视率小学、初中、高中分别下降了 3.31, 2.50, 2.26百分点,小学阶段近视率明显低于全国水平。疫情后调查显示,武汉市中 小学生家庭视觉环境及视觉行为的达标率和知晓率达到 80%以上,新生近视或视力下降人群为 30%,低于国家平均水平。 “武汉模式” 对于完善当前的学校学生、公共卫生工作不足具有重要借鉴意义。

Нейросетевое моделирование эффективности реагирования на чрезвычайные ситуации в многоуровневой системе управления

Introduction. It is important to have models that adequately describe the relationship between the integral indicators of the functioning of the system with the particular indicators of the lower levels of management in complex control systems, in particular in RSChS. Traditional approaches based on normative models often turn out to be untenable due to the impossibility of covering all aspects of the functioning of such systems, as well as due to the high variability of the environment and the values of the set of target indicators. Recently, adaptive machine-learning models have proven to be productive, allowing build stable and adequate models, one of the variants of which is artificial neural networks (ANN), based on the solution of inverse problems using expert estimates. The relevance of the study lies in the development of compact models that allow assessing the effectiveness of the functioning of complex multi-level control systems (RSChS) in emergency situations, developing according to complex scenarios, in which emergencies of various types can occur simultaneously. Goals and objectives. The purpose of the article is to build and test the technology for creating compact models that are adequate to the system of indicators of the functioning of hierarchically organized control systems. This goal gives rise to the task of choosing tools for constructing the necessary models and sources of initial data. Methods. The research tools include methods for analyzing hierarchical systems, mathematical statistics, machine learning methods of ANN, simulation modeling, expert assessment methods, software systems for processing statistical data. The research is based on materials from domestic and foreign publications. Results and discussion. The proposed technology for constructing a neural network model of the effectiveness of the functioning of complex hierarchical systems provides a basis for constructing dynamic models of this type, which make it possible to distribute limited financial and other resources during the operation of the system according to a complex scenario of emergency response. Conclusion. The paper presents the results of solving the problem of constructing an ANN and its corresponding nonlinear function, reflecting the relationship between the performance indicators of the lower levels of the hierarchical control system (RSChS) with the upper level. The neural network model constructed in this way can be used in the decision support system for resource management in the context of complex scenarios for the development of emergency situations. The use of expert assessments as an information basis makes it possible to take into account numerous target indicators, which are extremely difficult to take into account in other ways. Keywords: emergency situations, hierarchical control system, efficiency, artificial neural network, expert assessments

Технология динамического конфигурирования сетецентрической системы информационной поддержки управления региональной безопасностью.

The article is devoted to the development of software of information and analytical support for regional security management. The authors formulate the concepts of configuration of a network-centric management support system and its dynamic configuration. The conceptual scheme of the configuration in the notation of ER diagrams and its implementation in the form of a configuration file is proposed. The technology for dynamic configuration of multi-level network-centric information and control systems is described. The technology is designed for automated deployment of a network of software agents and their parametric configuration depending on the context of the application problem being solved

AUTOMATIC SYNTHESIS OF PETRI NETS AT TUNING UP OF THE COORDINATING AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEMS

The process of automated tuning for the coordinating automatic control system is considered in this paper. This process of tuning for the coordinating control system is linked to the automatic synthesis of Petri nets based on functioning of the artificial neural network. Thereby, we can automate the process of tuning and synthesis of system models and also solve the urgent task linked to the minimization of tuning time for the multilevel control systems. The purposes of the scientific work are time reduction of the tuning and automatization of the tuning for the multilevel coordinating systems of the automatic control. In order to achieve this purpose in the MATLAB \ Simulink software environment it is necessary to devel- op the system for automated tuning of the regulators of various levels for the coordinating automatic control system. The application of artificial neural network with automatic synthesis of Petri nets allows to introduce intelligent technology in the automated tuning system. In this work we have presented the corresponding block diagrams of considered automated tuning system and the principles of its functioning. The certain principle of the formation of Petri nets is proposed. These Petri nets represent the algorithms of tuning in the systems for analysis the corresponding processes. The formation of the composition in the scheme from Petri net during the functioning of the artificial neural network is presented in the paper. The results of experiment are presented in the final part of this work. This time characteristics of the pro- cess of setting up for the coordinating automatic control system of foodstuffs cooling in tunnel chamber. The experiments were conducted in the Matlab 2012a environment. Based on the results of the experiment we have depicted the process of synthesis of the Petri net representing the system tuning algorithm. The performed experiments have showed the principal suitability of the automated search system for the settings of the regulators of various levels of the coordinating control system. The technique of automatic synthesis of Petri nets based on the functioning of artificial neural networks has obtained the further devel- opment while performing the approved task in the scientific paper.

Control performance and energy saving of multi-level pressure switching control system based on independent metering control

Aiming at the problem of large energy consumption in hydraulic control system with large load and variable working conditions,based on the multi-level pressure switching control system ( MP-SCS) ,a multi-level pressure switching control system based on independent metering control is pro-posed combined with the independent metering control technology.The configuration principle of the system is given,the mathematical model of this system is established,and the control strategy of the system under 4 different working quadrants is put forward.Finally,the control performance and en-ergy saving characteristics of the system are tested.The test results show that the switching of high and low pressure power supply has a certain effect on the response of step position and ramp position under impedance working condition.The displacement curves show slow climbing or abrupt change of ramp position,and the position accuracy is less than 1 mm.The multi-level pressure switching control system based on independent metering control can recover and store energy under the tran-scendence working conditions.The control accuracy is about 1 mm,and the energy recovery rate is about 70％ ～80％.

Comprehensive methods to obtain and process information flows in centralized heat supply systems

The article discusses the principles of creating the structures of information and control systems for urban heat supply. The necessity to create and develop such systems is due to the significant energy intensity of the country’s GDP, which is twice as large as the majority of developed countries. Modern multi-level distributed control systems of the centralized heat supply system facilities, which are built according to the object rule, are described in the paper. The article analyses advantages and disadvantages of various options for information management systems. In the process of thermal automatics development based on software and hardware, including modern intelligent sensors and industrial controllers, modern thermal automation systems began to be intensively introduced. The use of standard techniques of cycling poll of all local objects included in the centralized heating systems, without taking into account the dynamic characteristics of the measured parameters, including the pipeline processing of this information, leads to a significant increase in the time of collection, processing, transmission of information and decision-making in a centralized heating systems. The concept of measuring and processing information in centralized heat supply systems is proposed, based on variable polling cycles of parameters of heat supply systems at heat points taking into account their dynamic characteristics with subsequent conveyor processing of information at the top level of automated centralized heating systems.

INFLUENCE OF DIABETIC NEUROPATHY ON GAIT COMPLEXITY

ABSTRACT Introduction: Human gait is a complex movement dependent on multilevel neural control, which allows a consistent, regular and complex periodic pattern, properties that characterize it as a nonlinear system. Sensory and motor deficits, with diminished proprioceptive responses, may reduce the adaptive capacity of the system, as demonstrated in Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and Huntington's diseases. However, little is known about the effect of peripheral diabetic neuropathy on these responses. Objectives: To analyze the influence of peripheral diabetic neuropathy on entropy in different gait environments. Methods: Ten elderly patients, with and without a diagnosis of peripheral diabetic neuropathy, walked on a treadmill (initial speed of 3 km/h, with 0.5 km/h increments every 5 minutes up to the speed of 5 km/h) to record center of mass acceleration in the vertical, mediolateral and anteroposterior components throughout the test. The sample entropy of the three vectors was calculated for each test speed. Results: The vertical component did not show any statistically significant differences. The mediolateral component showed statistically significant difference for the factors group, speed, and interaction between factors (group and speed). The anteroposterior component showed statistically significant differences for the group factor, but not for speed and interaction between factors (group and speed). Effect sizes classified as large were found in all the comparisons. Conclusions: Peripheral diabetic neuropathy produced changes in the ability to adapt to changes in the environment during gait, probably due to changes in the complexity of the multilevel neural control system, which depends on motor and sensory feedback, known to be affected by peripheral diabetic neuropathy. Level of Evidence II; Diagnostic studies - Investigating a diagnostic test.

Методика оцінювання стійкості системи зв’язку, радіотехнічного забезпечення та автоматизації управління повітряного командування

Аналіз досвіду війн та збройних конфліктів свідчить про те, що максимальна реалізація бойових можливостей повітряного командування багато у чому залежить від наявності стійкого, безперервного, оперативного та скритого управління. Таке управління може бути досягнуте лише при побудові високоефективної, багаторівневої системи управління, функціонування якої, об’єктивно, залежить від ефективності функціонування підсистеми зв’язку, радіотехнічного забезпечення та автоматизації управління. Проте, досвід застосування сил та засобів зв’язку, РТЗ, А та ІС повітряного командування в ході антитерористичної операції на сході України свідчить про те, що система зв’язку, радіотехнічного забезпечення та автоматизації управління внаслідок ряду причин, не в повній мірі задовольняє потреби органів управління. Серед таких причин, основною слід вважати – її недостатню стійкість. Тому, виникає нагальна потреба у проведенні наукових досліджень з метою забезпечення її стійкості на необхідному рівні. Питанню оцінювання стійкості системи зв’язку, радіотехнічного забезпечення та автоматизації управління присвячено ряд наукових праць. Проте їх аналіз показав, що вони, з тих чи інших причин, не можуть бути в повній мірі використані для оцінювання стійкості системи зв’язку, радіотехнічного забезпечення та автоматизації управління в сучасних умовах ведення бойових дій. У статті запропоновано методику, яка на відміну від відомих, ґрунтується на методі еквівалентних топологічних перетворень, що дозволило більш адекватно описати процес функціонування системи в сучасних умовах ведення бойових дій. Розроблення даної методики проведено з обґрунтуванням моделі системи, визначення обмежень та порядку підготовки вихідних даних. Представлено алгоритм оцінювання стійкості інформаційних напрямків за визначеними показниками та критеріями. Сформульовані пропозиції щодо практичної реалізації розробленої методики у вигляді спеціалізованого програмного забезпечення. Окреслені перспективи подальших досліджень. Основними методами дослідження, які використані при його проведенні були методи аналізу, синтезу та еквівалентних топологічних перетворень.

Towards Universal Control System for Powered Ankle–Foot Prosthesis: A Simulation Study

In powered ankle–foot prostheses, multilevel hierarchical control systems are usually used with predetermined parameters (tuned during the prosthesis trial). Therefore, control systems cannot adaptively interact with terrains variation where control systems is most effective for ground level walking and less effective for ascending or descending stair/slop. In order to address the control system performance in ever-changing terrains, an adaptive mechanism should be included the control system structure. Here, we present a pilot study to illustrate the applicability of a genetic algorithm-based adaptive fuzzy logic control system. The design method could be divided into two stages: initial knowledge base and membership functions for the genetic pool on the basis of the analysis of biological ankle–foot behaviour. Additionally, the construction of genetic optimization mechanism rules and constraints (fitness function, mutation rats, replacement rate, etc.). Takagi–Sugeno–Kang fuzzy (TSK-fuzzy) inference system is selected because the system structure could depict the character of simple impedance control system. The control system and dynamic model were developed using C code and evaluated using MATLAB/Simulink (2019a).

МЕТОД СИНТЕЗА ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНЫХ СИСТЕМ КОНТРОЛЯ ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНО-РАСПРЕДЕЛЕННЫХ КОМПЛЕКСОВ СВЯЗИ СПЕЦИАЛЬНОГО НАЗНАЧЕНИЯ

The work is devoted to the development of an intelligent control system for geographically distributed communications systems of special purpose. The relevance of the study is caused by the fact that the evolutionary development of controlled telecommunications systems, on the example of special-purpose communication complexes characterized by a changing nature, application conditions in the course of their operation, large coverage and territorial distribution, structural, topological, as well as space-time heterogeneity should be taken into account and correlated with systems for monitoring their technical condition, taking into account the development of basic artificial intelligence technologies, which is conceptually important in the short term. Method of synthesis of intelligent control system characterized by multilevel architecture of construction and functioning, depending on the degree of emergency situation, in mode of express and complete control is presented, which involves use of databases (knowledge) and adaptation of control processes to the effects of destabilizing factors. The work shows the approach to processes of proactive inspection of parameters of objects, consists in adaptive adjustment of preventive tolerances for checked parameters and use of adaptive mechanisms for polling intelligent sensors based on polling models; taking into account the correlation of actuation of a group of sensors within the control object in emergency situations and contributing to an increase in the speed of recording and transmitting the alarm signal, and reducing redundancy of measurement information in the measurement path of the monitoring system. As a result of the synthesis of a multilevel intelligent control system, the system architecture is proposed, which allows determining the most rational ratio of measuring channels (intelligent sensors, analog-to-digital converters, sampling and storage devices), taking into account the noise immunity and throughput of measuring paths, as well as the required number of communication channels. The multi-level monitoring system architecture allows analysis of measuring information (alarms) at the sensor level of the system and online analysis of streaming data (telemetry messages) to quickly detect cases of possible failures, predict the residual resource of equipment of special-purpose communication systems.

ПОВЕДЕНИЕ ИНФОРМАЦИОННОГО ПАРАМЕТРА ГЛИССАДНОГО РАДИОМАЯКА СИСТЕМЫ ПОСАДКИ ВОЗДУШНЫХ СУДОВ В ШИРОКОМ СЕКТОРЕ УГЛОВ МЕСТА

The article is devoted to the problem of information protection generated by a glide path beacon of the PRMG format for providing instrumental approach of aircraft for landing. To en-sure a safe approach, the radio beacon landing system forms a descent trajectory in space - a glide path. A developed multilevel control system is designed to ensure the integrity of the land-ing system by continuous monitoring of the position of a given glide path and the steepness of the indicated glide path parameter. However, during flight tests of a glide path beacon (GPB), a false glide path is sometimes detected in the area of the landing system, which naturally vio-lates its integrity. The article shows the reason for this phenomenon - a violation of the multi-plicity of the heights of the suspension of the radiating elements of the GPB antenna array. Flight measurements data of the glide path zone at the airfield in the foothills are given. The experimental results confirm the theoretically found regularities in the behavior of the informa-tion parameter of the glide path beacon in a wide sector of angles. Recommendations are pro-posed for maintaining the integrity of the landing system

Assessment of the Need to Create Control Sytem of Unmanned Dump Truck

The paper substantiates the need to create an autonomous dump truck control system. The scope of the unmanned mining dump truck is described. An example of the layout of the general scheme of an autonomous dump truck with control system basic elements is given, as well as some differences from the dump trucks with traditional control system are presented. The levels of automation of autonomous dump truck are formed. The enlarged tasks that need to be addressed when creating a control system for autonomous mining dump truck are highlighted. The general structure of a multi-level control system for autonomous dump truck was developed. The upper, middle and lower levels of the control system are described. The summation is drawn on the relevance of developing scientifically based approaches for creating control systems for autonomous mining truck, as well as developing mathematical models and algorithms for controlling autonomous mining trucks. The main directions for further research are identified. They are the development of requirements for a dump truck control system; the development of the structure of mathematical models and algorithms for the operation of subsystems of the dump truck control; the development of software that allows simulating the interaction of the subsystems of the dump truck control system with each other, the Smart Quarry system and the operator.

AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF THE CROSS-WEDGE ROLLING SYSTEM BY PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER ON THE BASE OF ARDUINO APPARATUS AND SOFTWARE PLATFORM

One of the main basic automation tools in modern industrial enterprises is programmable logic controllers. Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are microprocessor or microcontroller devices intended for the implementation of automated control systems for technological processes at enterprises [1]. The principle of PLC's work is to collect and process data on the user's application program with control signals generation to the operating devices. The modular concept of constructive execution of the PLC, allowed composing the programmed logic control devices in accordance with the peculiarities of the tasks solved by the customer. The range of application of PLC extends from devices of local control of working bodies of machines and technological units to multi-level control systems of complex technological objects. PLCs control machine tools, automatic production lines, robotic technological complexes, and also control the safety of equipment operation.There are thousands of different PLC models on the market today, which differ not only in technical characteristics (memory size, computing block power, input / output channels), but also functional capabilities. PLCs are available in a wide range of foreign companies such as Siemens, Schneider Electric, Mitsubishi Electric, Rockwell Automation, etc.The research has confirmed the choice of alternative to an expensive PLC based on the use of the Arduino hardware and software platform. A similar approach, and even schematic and software solutions, can be used in the design of the LLA for other small automation objects. The automation of the PLC process significantly reduces the cost of production, increases productivity and reduces the cost of metal compared with turning parts on the automatic lathes.The acquired development skills can be recommended for use in teaching students how to work with modern microcontrollers and building rather simple programmable logic controllers.

Design of modular multilevel converter control system based on uniformly asymptotically stable observer

Design of modular multilevel converter control system based on uniformly asymptotically stable observer

Actual problems of the microbiological safety of food products

Food-borne infectious diseases remain an actual problem of health care. In the Republic of Belarus the level of food-borne diseases persists to be stable, at the same time these diseases remain to be significant. Despite the insignificant number of nonconforming food samples the prevalence rates of food-borne acute infectious diseases of various etiology with dominantly food transmission pathway remain to be rather high. The mentioned fact determines the need for the development of approaches on the security of microbiological food safety based on the risk analysis. There are determined criteria for a hygienic assessment of the microbiological hazards (associated with the pathogen, food products and a consumer health state), there is presented the classification offood products in dependence on the grade of microbiological risk. There was performed the comparative analysis of requirements for the microbiological safety of food accepted in the Republic of Belarus and European Economic Union, in the European Union and at the international level, which testify to the presence of separate differences. Based on the international approaches there was substantiated the multilevel control system of management of microbiological risks, there is reported the characteristic of separate criteria. There are determined the directions of the improvement of the security of microbiological safety of food.

Tree Structured Multi-Level Control System Design Based on MPC-EKF for Power Quality Enhancement with Selective Harmonic Elimination

In this paper we propose to design a Tree Structured Multi Level Control System based on Model Predictive Control Algorithm with Extended Kalman Filter (MPC-EKF) to enhance the quality of power. The proposed MPC-EKF predicts the non-linear/unbalanced loads by the use of MPC and along with the prediction there is the need to detect the mode of the grid either grid connected or islanding mode which can be done with the help of EKF and further Improved Particle Swarm Optimized Selective harmonic Elimination (IPSO-SHE) is used to minimise the harmonics. Our proposed TSML control system has been developed in the MATLAB and tested with different load conditions. The simulation results of the proposed TSMLC system when compared with the existing control systems shows the impact of the proposed work.