Multilayered Space Research Articles

Направления цифровой трансформации социосервисного пространства северного региона

Considering inadequate social infrastructure, poor transport connectivity, migration outflow and deformation of the settlement system in northern regions, social services become less available. After searching for ways to change the situation, we hypothesised that digital transformation of healthcare and education plays an important role in improving the production and transfer of social services to consumers and adjusting the social service space of the Komi Republic. The region’s social development space is a stratified object consisting of different layers, such as settlement, social service (healthcare, general education) and infrastructure (transport and ICT). The weak consistency of spatial structures at different layers is considered in the context of the communication connectivity concept. The study aims to understand the potential of digital transformation of healthcare and education to increase the availability of social services. To this end, industry digitalisation indices were identified, the methodology of their digital maturity was tested. The cartographic method was used to present the spatial structure of the ICT layer showing the digital inequality of the population. A problem analysis of the location of healthcare, education and communication facilities in 687 settlements and synthesis of quantitative estimates of the social service and ICT layers revealed their inconsistency. A comprehensive assessment of services identified 234 critical settlements without primary and secondary schools and partially without accessible healthcare facilities. Only half of them have the ICT infrastructure required for digital transformation. The similarity transformation method of structures in a multi-layered space determined the points and formats of communication for compensating digitalisation. It will provide remote communication of people with medical organisations, educational services and create the technological basis for implementing strategic digital transformation projects, which will be examined in further studies.

Опорный каркас как основа формирования эффективного пространства социального развития северного региона (на примере Республики Коми)

This article aims to articulate and empirically substantiate the concept of an efficient space for regional social development utilizing the creative potential inherent in settlement patterns. The study is built upon the author's concept of space as a set of conditions for placing material objects and that of spatial development as the region's transformation through changes in settlement patterns. An efficient space is understood as a multilayered space with smooth connections between layers forming a structure that fosters activity and intraregional connectivity. The research represents a novel perspective on the concept of intraregional connectivity and contributes to its advancement. The article describes elements, characteristics, and trends in settlement patterns, healthcare, education infrastructure, and production locations in the Komi Republic. It identifies flaws in intraregional connectivity and their root causes and uses maps to illustrate the compression of the settlement area resulting from a decrease in the number of settlements and a population outflow in the north of the region. Challenges associated with accessibility to medical institutions and lack of access to essential medical services in some areas create a risk zone for public health. The study emphasizes the transformative impact of resettlement challenges on general education institutions, necessitating adjustments in the interface between transport and social service layers. The article explores the evolving city-forming and spatial functions within such areas as Fuel-Based Arctic, Traditional North, Energy-Based Center, and Timber-Based South. It highlights the limited role of corporations and the burgeoning potential of locally focused socially-oriented companies. The findings suggest that future research areas may include the digital transformation of healthcare and education, as well as an exploration of the territorial structure of social cohesion.

서울 암사동 유적의 세계유산적 가치 검토

The Amsadong Site, which were discovered as the Great Flood in 1925, is a representative Neolithic site on the Korean Peninsula, and is already designated and protected as a nationallydesignated cultural heritage due to their importance and significance. Recently, the value of the Amsadong site has been newly recognized and used as a socio-cultural resource, and preparations for the nomination of World Heritage based on the value and significance of the site.
 According to research on the Amsadong site, it would be the earliest Neolithic site in the Midwest of the Korean Peninsula, and is a representative site of the Korean Peninsula that shows Neolithic culture that emerged in the process of adapting to a new climate in Holocene. In particular, the pottery culture, which is represented by comb-patterned pottery excavated from the Amsadong Site, is a archaeological evidence that proves the universality of East Asian earthenware culture that changes into a new decoration technique and the process of differentially occurring, changing, developing, and spreading of comb-patterned pottery culture in the Korean Peninsula. In the early study of comb-pattern pottery culture, there was also a study of the diffusionism with Eurasian earthenware culture, but this is time to be reviewed through expanded research through multi-layered space setting including the Korean Peninsula and Northeast Asia.
 Comparing the value of Amsadong Site with criteria i)-vi), the nomination criteria of iii) and iv) can be met in consideration of differentiated pottery culture, new substance for adaptation to the changing environment, and the formation of settlement villages. However, in order to strategically promote the nomination as a World Heritage Site, it will be necessary to review the development of Neolithic pottires and comb-pattern pottery culture based on a wider space range, including the Korean Peninsula. In particular, for the serial nomination of World Heritage, it is necessary to review the outstanding and universal value through a review of Neolithic sites in the Midwest of the Korean Peninsula.
 The nomination of World Heritage is an effective way to protect and promote the value of the value of Amsadong Site, and we look forward to continuous efforts for World Heritage sites.

Exploring 3D spatial morphology using multilayered space syntax, network science and wi-fi log data

Spatial morphology of 2D space has been well studied at the scales of building, community, and city in space syntax literature. Space syntax decomposes continuous geographic space into a set of unique axial lines and represents them as a spatial network to analyze spatial morphology. However, 3D spatial morphology remains largely unexplored, partially due to limited data access and methodological constraints. Motivated by the multilayered network literature in network science, this work extends the conventional 2D space syntax axial network into a multilayered axial network to explore the spatial morphology of a university campus. Scaling properties are discovered from several aspects of the constructed spatial network (e.g., degree, local integration). The relationship between spatial morphology and route-based pedestrian flow is evaluated using a large Wi-Fi log dataset and multiple regression analysis. We found a significant correlation between the two, with a correlation coefficient of 0.756 and r2 of 0.571. Four network features (i.e., local depth, geometric length, eigenvector, and betweenness), are found to significantly shape the pedestrian flow. The results of community detection show the effectiveness of multilayered space syntax analysis in depicting functional areas of campus, despite the complex nature of 3D space. Whilst a limitation of this research is the need to account for the 3D angular route preferences when characterizing the morphology of campus and the flow estimated based on the shortest routes using the Dijkstra algorithm.

Гуманитарный дискурс Ю.М. Лотмана: семиотическая интерпретация динамики культуры

Conceptualization of the world of culture in the heritage of Yu.M. Lotman opened a new page in the humanities. The comprehension of culture as a highly complex system, the integrity of which is supported by a multitude of texts act­ing as an impulse for self-development, allowed Lotman to develop a dynamic model of culture that explains its ability to generate new texts and achieve syn­ergy of new meanings. The information and communicative essence of culture is revealed by scientists through the concept of “semiosphere”. The integrity of the semiosphere is provided by the memory and ability to abstract as episte­mological prerequisites for the creation of the world of culture. The textual activ­ity of the social subject, through which not only the code of culture is created and preserved, but also the person-in-culture is reproduced, is considered today as a theoretical and applied research problem. Culture forms a value-semantic at­tractor drawing ideas into the concept sphere, which become a starting point for the growth of its multi-layered space, which involves interpretation in order to reduce socio-cultural risks and distortions. Basing on the complication of forms of intellectual interaction, multidimensionality of the polycode cultural space of modern Russia, the search for a collective and individual semantic lan­guage as a dialogue basis is seen as relevant from the standpoint of philosophical knowledge and from the point of view of cultural-creative practical activity.

ЭСТЕТИКА КОНЦЕПТУАЛИЗМА В ТВОРЧЕСТВЕ ИРАИДЫ ЮСУПОВОЙ

The article is devoted to the work of Iraida Yusupova, one of the brightest representatives of modern Russian musical art, the creator of a new genre — media opera. Yusupova’s compositional thinking reflects the aesthetics of conceptualism, more precisely, as defined by the composer V. Martynov, Moscow musical post-conceptualism, and it is this “aesthetic” perspective of Yusupova’s works that is chosen in this study. The article reveals the theoretical aspects of the aesthetics of conceptualism in the works on philosophy and their extrapolation to musical art. While considering Yusupova’s media operas (“Aelita, or the Tragic History of the Revolution on Mars”; “Opera Marina”; “Cryptophonics”; “Theremin’s Last Secret”; “Einstein and Margarita, or Found in Translation”) the principles of conceptualism are demonstrated, such as the dominance of an idea-concept subjugating the entire composition; the creation of a multi-layered (“multi-screen” according to the philosopher A. R. Apresyan) space of the work; a clear idea of the synthesis of arts; the use of favorite and typical forms of conceptualism (performance, video installation, interactive puppets, simultaneous translation titles, etc.). The role of the outstanding poet and performer D. A. Prigov, who stood at the origins of Moscow conceptualism, in the search for and implementation of conceptual ideas in Yusupova’s media operas is shown. At the end of the article, a conclusion is made about a special property of the composer’s works based on the aesthetics of conceptualism — the “openness” of the conceptual work, which in the process of “communication” with the viewer grows with new meanings and improves, while the viewer turns into a co-author.

The Invention of the Maghreb: Between Africa and the Middle East

The Invention of the Maghreb: Between Africa and the Middle East

From Translating for the World to Translation as the World

Abstract Grounded in the heterogenous linguistic and cultural landscape of Hong Kong, this article proposes a translational approach to the practice of world cinema, focusing on director Wong Kar-wai, via World Literature and the poetry of Leung Ping-kwan. Wong is a lyrical cinematic stylist, while Leung had a strong scholarly interest in cinema and produced many collaborations with visual artists. Both are highly attuned to the distinctiveness of daily life in Hong Kong despite its infusion of international influences. Moving beyond a model which sees translation as a secondary process carrying a work beyond its local context, I use Sakai Naoki’s concept of the “heterolingual address” to trace how translation becomes foundational to these artists’ engagement with the multilayered space and uneven temporality of Hong Kong.

Design of multilayered space filters using conductive film grid sheet and dielectric materials

Design of multilayered space filters using conductive film grid sheet and dielectric materials

The artistic space of a choreographic performance and its hermeneutics

The purpose of the article is to identify the features of the artistic space of a choreographic performance based on the vocabulary of ballroom dance. Methodology. A systematic method was applied, which helped to consider the choreographic performance as an integral artistic system; a philosophical and aesthetic method - for considering and comprehending a choreographic performance in the context of a new stage concept of the 21st century; the typological method used to identify and analyze the components of the artistic space; the method of interpretive analysis of the ways of creating the artistic space of the choreographic performance and the hermeneutic-phenomenological method, which helped to study the possibilities of understanding the meanings of the text of the choreographic performance and methods of their formation. Scientific novelty. The significance of the auditory and visual non-plastic elements of a choreographic performance (scenography, musical arrangement, and dramatic basis) in the context of the development of a holistic image of stage work is considered. The preconditions for the harmonious combination of movement, sound, light, and color are analyzed, and their importance in the process of creating a single artistic image of a choreographic performance is revealed. It has been established that in accordance with the basic principles of interaction and mutual influence of these components, as well as the specifics of their relationship with choreographic vocabulary, a process of qualitative transformation of figurative characteristics occurs while maintaining their inherent aesthetic nature. Conclusions. Choreographic art specifically transforms the features of the artistic space – the artistically reflected and transformed space of reality, endowed with aesthetic meaning and content. Despite the originality of each specific choreographic performance, created on the basis of the vocabulary of ballroom dance, the specifics of the staging solution, etc., a stage choreographic work is an integral artistic phenomenon. The study revealed that the radical transformation of the story sources of stage ballroom dance does not imply violation of their figurative and poetic concept. But the use of specific techniques and methods by choreographers-producers contributes to the creation of a multi-layered artistic space of the performance, the organic interaction of many subtexts, the emergence of innovative semantic perspectives, the generation of semantic potential, and the production of new meanings. It is stated that the multi-layered artistic space of a choreographic performance is due to the specifics of their plot basis, artistic principles, and the individual vision of the director.

Who is afraid of hybridity? Re-visiting Bhaji on the Beach and perspectives on multiculturalism in Britain

ABSTRACT This article explores the concept of hybridity and its relations with several analytical categories – ‘home’, space (private/public), ‘essences’, and the Bakhtin concept of heteroglossia – as they occur in Gurinder Chadha’s Bhaji on the Beach. Although perceived as a director who idealises hybridity and multiculturalism due to the happy endings of her comedies, the variety of characters and their interactions portrayed in this film requires a close look at the circumstances that bring them together in a multi-layered space. Space, either enclosed or in the open, private or public, is a constant element in the film grammar and contributes to defining hybridity and the British multicultural society of the 1990s. Interconnected with space, cultural essences (British-ness, English-ness, Indian-ness) are also analysed here.

A Proposal for Modeling Indoor–Outdoor Spaces through IndoorGML, Open Location Code and OpenStreetMap

Traditionally, the standards of spatial modeling are oriented to represent the quantitative information of space. However, in recent years an increasingly common challenge is appearing: flexibly and appropriately integrating quantitative information that goes beyond the purely geometric. This problem has been aggravated due to the success of new paradigms such as the Internet of Things. This adds an additional challenge to the representation of this information due to the need to represent characteristic information of the space from different points of view in a model, such as WiFi coverage, dangerous surroundings, etc. While this problem has already been addressed in indoor spaces with the IndoorGML standard, it remains to be solved in outdoor and indoor–outdoor spaces. We propose to take the advantages proposed in IndoorGML, such as cellular space or multi-layered space model representation, to outdoor spaces in order to create indoor–outdoor models that enable the integration of heterogeneous information that represents different aspects of space. We also propose an approach that gives more flexibility in spatial representation through the integration of standards such as OpenLocationCode for the division of space. Further, we suggest a procedure to enrich the resulting model through the information available in OpenStreetMap.

Effect of inner liner material on penetration behavior of reactive material double-layered liner shaped charge

To improve the insufficient penetration depth of the traditional single reactive liner shaped charge, the penetration enhancement behaviors of a reactive material double-layered liner (RM-DLL) shaped charge are investigated. This RM-DLL consists of an inner liner with metal materials and an outer liner with (polytetrafluoroethylene) PTFE/Al reactive materials. Based on the platform of AUTODYN-2D code, the influence of inner liner material on the jet formation of RM-DLL shaped charge and its penetration performance of multi-layered space plates were conducted. The numerical results indicated that, during the jet formation stage, the inner metal liner mainly formed a high-velocity precursor jet and the outer reactive liner became a major part of the slug. With increasing the material density of inner liner, the jet tip velocity and tip diamater decreased, and the effective mass of precursor jet also dropped off. For a given penetration time, with the increase in the material density of inner liner, the penetration capability of the RM-DLL shaped charge increased, whereas the mass of reactive materials entering the penetrated steel target decreased significantly. This RM-DLL shaped charge, incorporating the penetration capability of a precursor metal jet and the deflagration effects of the follow-thru reactive materials, will produce extremely damage to the desired target, typically such as the armored fighting vehicles.

Jantzen and Sedlmayr: Diaphaneia—an impossible presence?

The immediacy of visual experience has always appeared as an indicator of verifiability of a presence. However, architecture as a bodily presence seems to be a reality that does not need verification. Yet there remains the issue of sacral architecture, which strives for the transcendent. What can be a medium in the experience of theophany?
 Sacral experience of Gothic architecture is very suitable for such observations. However, as I hope to demonstrate, only one theory seems to have actually approached the understanding of interconnections between the Holy Presence and the experience of it on an architectonic level. Precisely, it is Hans Jantzen’s (1881-1967) programmatic theory of “a diaphanic structure”.
 Term “diaphaneia” was first introduced by Jantzen in his article “Über den gotischen Kirchenraum” (1927). By that time the word had been used in near-esoteric circles (from Jacob Boehme to Pierre Teilhard de Chardin and James Joyce).
 Jantzen’s seminal article is dedicated to the space of the Gothic cathedral, which he sees as ritual-liturgical. It is this multilayered space, he argues, that has a “diaphanic structure”. In his late texts (from the 1950 and 1960s) diaphaneia is explored as a universal way of keeping in view the horizon of the invisible presence. Sedlmayr's perception of Jantzen's ideas shows that optical diaphaneia should be complemented with somatic diaphaneia (through “baldachin”, in Sedlmayr's structuralist terms).
 The ultimate question is if diaphaneia is merely a means of “spiritualisation” of both the cathedral per se and architectural theory. Although architecture keeps silent, an architectural theorist speaks: using Derrida’s words, diaphaneia becomes diaphonie.

PRINCIPAL DESIGN TECHNIQUES OF RECONCILIATION OF ARCHITECTURE AND NATURE IN CHINESE GARDENS OF SUZHOU

Park and garden design of China initially had relatively few strict limitations and rules and there was a great deal of room for creativity. However study of gardens of Suzhou makes it possible to distinguish some basic compositional design features. Those features are: zoning of the park space; designing of routs for visi-tors; creation of contrast and background both in large landscape zones and in small-scale objects; “land-scape borrowing”; use of depth and succession of landscape views. A major challenge for the architect is creation of complex, multi-layered space, where walking routes between the compositional dominants play a significant role. The use of these design features visually extends the garden space, gives the visitor choice between several routes and enriches content of the garden. Besides, several main design objects can be dis-tinguished, such as: large and small water bodies; artificial mountains and stone groups; garden structures, including pavilions, terraces, towers and galleries; decorations and vegetation. Individual design objects and in particular the architectural structures allow us to elaborate the garden space in more detail. Chinese park is inconceivable without the synthesis between the nature and architecture. The acquisition of basic compositional design features allow us not only to better understand the organization of private gardens in China, but also to use them in own design practice.

Commemoration as Witnessing: 20 Years of Remembering the Stolen Generations at Colebrook Reconciliation Park

The Colebrook Reconciliation Park is Australia’s oldest and most extensive memorial to acknowledge the forced separation of Aboriginal children from their families and communities, known as the “Stolen Generations.” It covers the site of the former Colebrook Home, an institution for Aboriginal children from 1942–1972. In this paper, I argue that the Colebrook Reconciliation Park can be understood as an act of witness citizenship in which the experience of the Stolen Generations is presented as an ongoing challenge to the wider Australian public. Beginning with a small plaque installed in June 1997, the Park is now a multi-layered memory space that includes figurative sculptures, poetry, a walking path and a storytelling circle, as well as more practical features including a barbecue and toilet block. Closely linked to the history of the Park’s development is the history of the Blackwood Reconciliation Group and its connection to the Colebrook Tji Tji Tjuta, a survivors’ collective. This paper discusses the Colebrook Reconciliation Park as an expression of that evolving relationship. Taking the reader on a tour through the site, this paper explores how different parts of the site bear witness in different ways by emphasising distinct, sometimes contradictory, parts of the Colebrook story.

Asymptotic analysis of two‐layer D‐BLAST with group‐zero forcing detection in general channels

In this study, the authors perform the asymptotic analysis of two-layer D-BLAST transmission scheme with group detection receiver under broad class of fading channels. The asymptotic analysis includes both diversity-multiplexing trade-off (DMT) and throughput-reliability trade-off (TRT) analyses. The D-BLAST considered here is a multi-layered space–time transmission scheme, wherein each diagonal of code-word forms a group. On the other hand, group detection considered detects symbols by nulling out interference from other groups and performs maximum-likelihood decoding on the chosen group. The reason for choosing this scheme is that the first inflexion of DMT of this system ceases at multiplexing gain ≪1, i.e. second inflexion began at multiplexing gain <1 under Gaussian fading scenario. The results of DMT indicate that the system behaves differently in different fading channel constraints when multiplexing gain ≪1. The results of the TRT analysis show that the system performs different in different fading channels in the zeroth operating region.

A(n) (Im)Possibility of Justice in the Case of Conservation of Marine Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction

The advent of biotechnology in 1980 profoundly changed the attitude of scientists, and more recently of lawyers working with international marine environmental law, as well as in the fields of science and technology, and intellectual property and patent law, towards biological diversity in far-off marine areas, including the deep seabed. The extraordinary protection and adaptation properties of the deep seabed organisms seem to represent invaluable material for the pharmaceutical innovation, and especially life-saving drugs. Bioprospecting, a technique that consists of exploring the ocean biodiversity by identifying and harvesting commercially valuable bio-resources, ended up alerting the need, at the global scale, for greater legal certainty in this area. Namely, bioprospecting and further bio-remediation, and numerous pharmaceutical applications trigger the debate about the extent of ownership rights over these discoveries; as well as which discoveries, and to what extent, represent inventions, hence also involving questions of patent deposition. The mere assumption that the deep seabed should be exploited, and possibly appropriated, necessitates a serious discussion. In 2015, the United Nations (UN) members launched the consultative process on a global agreement on the conservation and sustainable use of the marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJs). To date, the negotiation positions are various. Some countries focus on the exploitation of marine genetic resources and the rights to those resources on a first-come-first-served basis; few see these resources’ conservation and sustainable use as a priority; many are those discussing a fair, equitable and transparent risk and benefits-sharing related to the resources in those areas through the system of patents. In March 2017, two ground-breaking domestic decisions, namely, a bill in New Zealand and a municipal court’s ruling in India, have recognised the ecosystems in question (the rivers, in the case at hand) as living entities, thus giving them a legal personality, including standing in court proceedings. The Indian court’s decision has in particular implied that any harm, including pollution, to the rivers will be legally equivalent to harming a living human. These newest environmental law developments suggest that harming, especially through pollution that may be induced by the bioprospecting, the biodiversity of the deep seabed where forms of life with valuable genes live, might amount in not so distant future to a legal offense. This might put most of the agenda of the new instrument defending the exploration and exploitation of marine genetic resources on quite a precarious perch. This article aims at: (i) outlining and unpacking the multilayered legal space that currently and prospectively governs marine biodiversity of ABNJs, and (ii) mapping out the more discursive and narrative space that has impacted the legal mechanisms at play and that also dominates current consultations and future negotiations in the field. The study discusses together UNCLOS, CBD and WTO TRIPS in an attempt to move further the debate about the nexus between conservation and justice. Overall, the objective is to analyse relevant present contestations and likelihoods, and ultimately expose to what extent, in terms of justice, the existing theory, instruments, agenda, and course for action are based on differing, and oftentimes simply irreconcilable projects. Lastly, the article discusses alternative visions of justice beyond present bifocal projects ‘man-nature’. While drafting this article, some of such visions have even become reality, as, for example, granting representation to such non-human entities as rivers.

INDOORGML &amp;ndash; A STANDARD FOR INDOOR SPATIAL MODELING

With recent progress of mobile devices and indoor positioning technologies, it becomes possible to provide location-based services in indoor space as well as outdoor space. It is in a seamless way between indoor and outdoor spaces or in an independent way only for indoor space. However, we cannot simply apply spatial models developed for outdoor space to indoor space due to their differences. For example, coordinate reference systems are employed to indicate a specific position in outdoor space, while the location in indoor space is rather specified by cell number such as room number. Unlike outdoor space, the distance between two points in indoor space is not determined by the length of the straight line but the constraints given by indoor components such as walls, stairs, and doors. For this reason, we need to establish a new framework for indoor space from fundamental theoretical basis, indoor spatial data models, and information systems to store, manage, and analyse indoor spatial data. In order to provide this framework, an international standard, called IndoorGML has been developed and published by OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium). This standard is based on a cellular notion of space, which considers an indoor space as a set of non-overlapping cells. It consists of two types of modules; core module and extension module. While core module consists of four basic conceptual and implementation modeling components (geometric model for cell, topology between cells, semantic model of cell, and multi-layered space model), extension modules may be defined on the top of the core module to support an application area. As the first version of the standard, we provide an extension for indoor navigation.

INDOORGML – A STANDARD FOR INDOOR SPATIAL MODELING

Abstract. With recent progress of mobile devices and indoor positioning technologies, it becomes possible to provide location-based services in indoor space as well as outdoor space. It is in a seamless way between indoor and outdoor spaces or in an independent way only for indoor space. However, we cannot simply apply spatial models developed for outdoor space to indoor space due to their differences. For example, coordinate reference systems are employed to indicate a specific position in outdoor space, while the location in indoor space is rather specified by cell number such as room number. Unlike outdoor space, the distance between two points in indoor space is not determined by the length of the straight line but the constraints given by indoor components such as walls, stairs, and doors. For this reason, we need to establish a new framework for indoor space from fundamental theoretical basis, indoor spatial data models, and information systems to store, manage, and analyse indoor spatial data. In order to provide this framework, an international standard, called IndoorGML has been developed and published by OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium). This standard is based on a cellular notion of space, which considers an indoor space as a set of non-overlapping cells. It consists of two types of modules; core module and extension module. While core module consists of four basic conceptual and implementation modeling components (geometric model for cell, topology between cells, semantic model of cell, and multi-layered space model), extension modules may be defined on the top of the core module to support an application area. As the first version of the standard, we provide an extension for indoor navigation.