Multifunctional Products Research Articles

The Anti-Hyperglycaemia Effects of Functional Bread Containing Sericin and Mulberry Bark Powder from Sericulture Waste

To develop a multi-functional edible bread with significant adjuvant therapeutic effect, a functional bread (FB) with anti-oxidative and hypoglycaemic functional ingredients from sericulture waste, mulberry branch bark powder (MBBP) and silk sericin powder (SSP), was investigated. Trial settings of low, medium and high doses of sample powder (5, 10, 15% MBBP and 0.3, 0.6, 1.0% SSP) are three FB diet groups LBB, MBB, and HBB, respectively. After four weeks of oral administration, HFB had a hypoglycaemic rate of 36.54% and significantly alleviated the symptoms of hyperglycaemia. TG and LDL-C levels in serum were evidently reduced while HDL-C, T-SOD, and CAT levels increased significantly. MDA and 8-OHdG levels were evidently decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.001); abnormal glucose tolerance and insulin resistance were significantly alleviated; abnormally increased glycated serum protein (GSP) levels and serum liver function enzyme activity (AST and ALT) were also significantly reduced. Liver glycogen content also increased significantly. These results demonstrate that the addition of FB to a diet can significantly reduce the blood glucose level of T2D mice, enhance antioxidant capacity, improve insulin resistance, and improve the ability of glycogen to regulate blood sugar, thus offering new possibilities for developing multi-functional healthy bread products.

Gas- and Particle-Phase Products and Their Mechanisms of Formation from the Reaction of Δ-3-Carene with NO3 Radicals.

Monoterpenes are a major component of the large quantities of biogenic volatile organic compounds that are emitted to the atmosphere each year. They have a variety of structures, which influences their subsequent reactions with OH radicals, O3, or NO3 radicals and the tendency for these reactions to form secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Here we report the results of an environmental chamber study of the reaction of Δ-3-carene, an abundant unsaturated C10 bicyclic monoterpene, with NO3 radicals, a major nighttime oxidant. Gas- and particle-phase reaction products were analyzed in real time and offline by using mass spectrometry, gas and liquid chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, and derivatization-spectrophotometric methods. The results were used to identify and quantify functional groups and molecular products and to develop gas- and particle-phase reaction mechanisms to explain their formation. Identified gas-phase products were all first-generation ring-retaining and ring-opened compounds (ten C10 and one C9 monomers) with 2-4 functional groups and one C20 dinitrooxydialkyl peroxide dimer. Upon partitioning to the particle phase, the monomers reacted further to form oligomers consisting almost entirely of C20 acetal and hemiacetal dimers, with those formed from a hydroxynitrate and hydroxycarbonyl nitrate comprising more than 50% of the SOA mass. The SOA contained an average of 0.94, 0.71, 0.15, 0.11, 0.16, 0.13, and 7.80 nitrate, carbonyl, hydroxyl, carboxyl, ester, peroxide, and methylene groups per C10 monomer and was formed with a mass yield of 56%. These results have important similarities and differences to those obtained from a previous similar study of the reaction of β-pinene and yield new insights into the effects of monoterpene structure on gas- and particle-phase reactions that can lead to the formation of a large variety of multifunctional products and significant amounts of SOA.

THE EFFECT OF BIOPHILIC ON THE DESIGN OF SMART AQUAPONIC APARTMENTS IN SURABAYA

Urban people who have high mobility are starting to realize the importance of better environmental health by reducing air pollution so that they can reduce high stress levels. Being in the house, does not mean avoiding air pollution. According to the EPA (US Environmental Protection Agency) or environmental protection agency in the United States, indoor air pollution is 2-5 times greater than outdoors. Then came the biophilic trend for urban communities by making their homes a comfortable and healthy place by using live plants as a lifestyle because they nourish the body both physically and psychologically. Limited residential areas such as apartments are starting to become the choice of urban communities because of good security, complete facilities, and easy parking and strategic locations. The problem of small residential land in apartments is a problem for users, so they tend to choose to use multifunctional products. The limited land also makes it difficult for the residents to channel their hobby of maintaining plants and pets, as a means of recreation and entertainment. Researchers try to analyze the need for multifunctional furniture that can channel the hobby of raising animals and plants, namely Smart Aquaponics; by not taking up a large space, having an attractive design and complete with automation features. This smart aquaponics research was conducted for apartment users who need a good living environment but have limited time to maintain it. This study tries to apply an automation system in Smart Aquaponik products that can help apartment residents to be able to have functional furniture that accommodates a biophilic lifestyle.

Building product ontology: Core ontology for Linked Building Product Data

The digitalisation of the Architecture, Engineering and Construction domain introduced new methods for digital collaboration, i.e. Building Information Modelling (BIM). While this method focuses on building data, the distribution of digital product models is still problematic, complicating uniform product searches and automated product data processing. Existing schemas, such as a subpart of the Industry Foundation Classes or the German VDI 3805, rely on rigid or template-driven schemas, that do not support the description of innovative or multi-functional products or impose a large schema overhead and complexity on manufacturers. Therefore, this article combines flexible and modular product descriptions with Semantic Web technologies and Linked Data. By applying Web-based technologies, the searchability of product data and the applicability of distributed data are expected to be enhanced.More precisely, this article proposes a concept for Linked Building Product Data and introduces the generic Building Product Ontology as a potential core schema of the concept. To demonstrate the feasibility of Linked Building Product Data and the Building Product Ontology, the authors apply both the concept and the data schema to innovative and multi-functional example products that cannot be described with the existing approaches for product descriptions. The evaluation demonstrates the flexibility, modularity and overall suitability of the presented concepts, meeting all collected requirements for digital product descriptions. Hence, Linked Building Product Data may solve existing issues with rigid product description schemas. At the same time, this approach complements the current research trend of Linked Building Data.

Multifunctional leather surfaces coated with nanocomposites through conventional and unconventional methods

In this paper we present the results obtained by depositing the nanocomposite materials based on nano TiO2/TiO2:N, Ag, SiO2, single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNTs), single-walled functionalized carboxylic acid, (SWCNT-COOH), poly(2,2′ bithiophene) (PBTh) and poly(dipheylamine) (PDPA) by conventional and unconventional methods on the surface of sheepskin leathers. The nanocomposite materials were integrated in film forming polymers and were applied on sheepskin leather surfaces by spraying (conventional method) or by activating the surface with cold atmospheric plasma followed by electrospraying (unconventional methods). The leather surfaces were tested for antimicrobial properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi according to ISO 20743: 2007. The photocatalytic properties under visible light exposure were also tested using two organic stain models (methylene blue and orange II). The stain discoloring was evaluated by measuring the color differences between the blank and the samples with DATA Color Check Plus II portable device assisted by CIELab color management software. The evaluation of the physical–mechanical resistance and comfort properties for the sheepskin leathers was determined by measuring the water vapor permeability, rubbing tests and abrasion resistance. The results showed that the sheepskin leather surfaces treated with nanocomposite materials have improved antibacterial, self-cleaning, physical–mechanical and comfort properties as compared to untreated samples, with potential applications for added value multifunctional products.

Modification of organic waste into multi-functional products for household needs

ACC (Ability, Care, Cultured) community is residents who have processed inorganic waste regularly, while organic waste has not been processed. This condition causes more organic waste to accumulate in landfills (TPS). This is due to the lack of knowledge and lack of desire for organic waste processing. The transfer of knowledge and sustainable assistance is the goal of this community service until ACC residents can independently process organic waste into multi-functional products. The methods used are training, mentoring and evaluation. The training was conducted to educate the residents in producing organic waste processing products in the form of liquid organic fertilizer (POC) and eco-enzyme solutions. After the training, the community has been able to make organic waste processing products independently.

Evolution of OH reactivity in NO-free volatile organic compound photooxidation investigated by the fully explicit GECKO-A model

Abstract. OH reactivity (OHR) is an important control on the oxidative capacity in the atmosphere but remains poorly constrained in many environments, such as remote, rural, and urban atmospheres, as well as laboratory experiment setups under low-NO conditions. For an improved understanding of OHR, its evolution during oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is a major aspect requiring better quantification. We use the fully explicit Generator of Explicit Chemistry and Kinetics of Organics in the Atmosphere (GECKO-A) model to study the OHR evolution in the NO-free photooxidation of several VOCs, including decane (an alkane), m-xylene (an aromatic), and isoprene (an alkene). Oxidation progressively produces more saturated and functionalized species. Total organic OHR (including precursor and products, OHRVOC) first increases for decane (as functionalization increases OH rate coefficients) and m-xylene (as much more reactive oxygenated alkenes are formed). For isoprene, C=C bond consumption leads to a rapid drop in OHRVOC before significant production of the first main saturated multifunctional product, i.e., isoprene epoxydiol. The saturated multifunctional species in the oxidation of different precursors have similar average OHRVOC per C atom. The latter oxidation follows a similar course for different precursors, involving fragmentation of multifunctional species to eventual oxidation of C1 and C2 fragments to CO2, leading to a similar evolution of OHRVOC per C atom. An upper limit of the total OH consumption during complete oxidation to CO2 is roughly three per C atom. We also explore the trends in radical recycling ratios. We show that differences in the evolution of OHRVOC between the atmosphere and an environmental chamber, and between the atmosphere and an oxidation flow reactor (OFR), can be substantial, with the former being even larger, but these differences are often smaller than between precursors. The Teflon wall losses of oxygenated VOCs in chambers result in large deviations of OHRVOC from atmospheric conditions, especially for the oxidation of larger precursors, where multifunctional species may suffer substantial wall losses, resulting in significant underestimation of OHRVOC. For OFR, the deviations of OHRVOC evolution from the atmospheric case are mainly due to significant OHR contribution from RO2 and lack of efficient organic photolysis. The former can be avoided by lowering the UV lamp setting in OFR, while the latter is shown to be very difficult to avoid. However, the former may significantly offset the slowdown in fragmentation of multifunctional species due to lack of efficient organic photolysis.

Biological Products for Integrated Protection Systems for Greenhouse Vegetables and Ware Potatoes

The article presents research materials on the widespread use of multifunctional biological products against fungal and bacterial pathogens on the main vegetable crops cultivated in greenhouses and on potatoes. For protected ground crops: cucumber, tomato, eggplant, protection systems have been developed that help protect plants from diseases during the entire growing season. The introduction of these systems into production makes it possible to completely reduce or minimize the use of chemical plant protection products on these crops and thereby reduce the negative impact on the environment, as well as improve the quality and safety of crop products. The article presents the main biological products that are included in the potato protection system, including Kartofin, SK and Sternifag, SP.

NATURAL KILLER CELL, CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTE, AND GRANULYSIN CONTENT IS ELEVATED IN ENDOMETRIUM OF WOMEN WITH ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING (AUB): MECHANISTIC INSIGHTS INTO AUB PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

To evaluate the expression of uterine natural killer cells and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in endometrial tissue from women with non-structural abnormal uterine bleeding and evaluate the localization of granulysin, a multifunctional protein product of both cell types.

Targeting CoV-2 spike RBD and ACE-2 interaction with flavonoids of Anatolian propolis by in silico and in vitro studies in terms of possible COVID-19 therapeutics.

Propolis is a multi-functional bee product rich in polyphenols. In this study, the inhibitory effect of Anatolian propolis against SARS-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was investigated in vitro and in silico. Raw and commercial propolis samples were used, and both samples were found to be rich in caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, t-cinnamic acid, hesperetin, chrysin, pinocembrin, and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) at HPLC-UV analysis. Ethanolic propolis extracts (EPE) were used in the ELISA screening test against the spike S1 protein (SARS-CoV-2): ACE-2 interaction for in vitro study. The binding energy values of these polyphenols to the SARS-CoV-2 spike and ACE-2 protein were calculated separately with a molecular docking study using the AutoDock 4.2.6 program. In addition, the pharmacokinetics and drug-likeness properties of these eight polyphenols were calculated according to the SwissADME tool. The binding energy value of pinocembrin was highest in both receptors, followed by chrysin, CAPE, and hesperetin. Based on the in silico modeling and ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) behaviors of the eight polyphenols, the compounds exhibited the potential ability to act effectively as novel drugs. The findings of both studies showed that propolis has a high inhibitory potential against the Covid-19 virus. However, further studies are now needed.

Highly oxygenated organic molecules produced by the oxidation of benzene and toluene in a wide range of OH exposure and NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> conditions

Abstract. Oxidation of aromatic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) leads to the formation of tropospheric ozone and secondary organic aerosol, for which gaseous oxygenated products are important intermediates. We show, herein, the experimental results of highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) produced by the oxidation of benzene and toluene in a wide range of OH exposure and NOx conditions. The results suggest that multigeneration OH oxidation plays an important role in the product distribution, which likely proceeds more preferably via H subtraction than OH addition for early generation products from light aromatics. More oxygenated products present in our study than in previous flow tube studies, highlighting the impact of experimental conditions on product distributions. The formation of dimeric products, however, was suppressed and might be unfavorable under conditions of high OH exposure and low NOx in toluene oxidation. Under high-NOx conditions, nitrogen-containing multifunctional products are formed, while the formation of other HOMs is suppressed. Products containing two nitrogen atoms become more important as the NOx level increases, and the concentrations of these compounds depend significantly on NO2. The highly oxygenated nitrogen-containing products might be peroxyacyl nitrates, implying a prolonged effective lifetime of RO2 that facilitates regional pollution. Our results call for further investigation on the roles of high-NO2 conditions in the oxidation of aromatic VOCs.

Biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoates production from wheat straw by recombinant Halomonas elongata A1

Waste straw bio-transformation of high value-added macromolecule polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) was significance to environmental sustainable development. As a member of the PHA family, poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) could be synthesized by Halomonas elongata A1 with maximal yields of 22.8% and 11.8% of bacterial weights using glucose and carboxymethyl cellulose as carbon sources, respectively. To improve PHB production, we generated three recombinant strains, the H. elongata P2 with highest PHB biosynthesis ability. When wheat straw, mixed substrate and oleic acid were individually used as single carbon source, the maximal PHA polymer accumulation in the H. elongata P2 reached 5.2%, 16.5% and 27.5%, respectively, after 84 h of cultivation. This hardness, toughness and crystallization properties of the PHA macromolecule altered dependent on starting substrates, when analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In terms of the hardness and roughness, the PHA produced from mixed substrates was much softer than that from wheat straw but harder than that from oleic acid. The long-chain carbon improved the softness and strength of the produced PHA. Our data indicate that economical substrates, such as straw and waste oil, can be used in the synthesis of multi-functional plastic products with biodegradable properties.

Rapid Production of Multifunctional Self-Assembling Peptides for Incorporation and Visualization within Hydrogel Biomaterials.

Peptides are of continued interest for therapeutic applications, from soluble and immobilized ligands that promote desired binding or uptake to self-assembled supramolecular structures that serve as scaffolds in vitro and in vivo. These applications require efficient and scalable synthetic approaches because of the large amounts of material that often are needed for studies of bulk material properties and their translation. In this work, we establish new methods for the synthesis, purification, and visualization of assembling peptides, with a focus on multifunctional collagen mimetic peptides (mfCMPs) relevant for formation and integration within hydrogel-based biomaterials. First, a methodical approach useful for the microwave-assisted synthesis of assembling peptide sequences prone to deletions was established, beginning with the identification of the deleted residues and their locations and followed by targeted use of dual chemistry couplings for those specific residues. Second, purification techniques that integrate the principles of heating and ion displacement with traditional chromatography and dialysis were implemented to improve separation and isolation of the desired multifunctional peptide product, which contained blocks for thermoresponsiveness and ionic interactions. Third, an approach for fluorescent labeling of these mfCMPs, which is orthogonal to their assembly and their covalent incorporation into a bulk hydrogel material, was established, allowing visualization of the resulting hierarchical fibrillar structures in three dimensions within hydrogels using confocal microscopy. The methods presented in this work allow the production of multifunctional peptides in scalable quantities and with minimal deletions, enabling future studies for better understanding of composition-structure-property relationships and for translating these biomaterials into a range of applications. Although mfCMPs are the focus of this work, the methods demonstrated could prove useful for other assembling peptide systems and for the production of peptides more broadly for therapeutic applications.

Comparative study of multifunctional properties of synthesised ZnO and MgO NPs for textiles applications

PurposeAmong various metal oxide nano particles, MgO NPs and ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) in particular are gaining increasing attention due to their multifunctional characteristics, low cost and compatibility with textile materials. Each type of nanoparticle excels over others in certain properties. As such, it is often crucial to carry out comparative studies of NPs to identify the one showing higher efficiency/output for particular applications of textile products.Design/methodology/approachIn the investigation reported in this paper, ZnO NPs and MgO NPs were synthesised via sol-gel technique and characterised. For comparative analysis, the synthesised NPs were evaluated for multiple properties using standard procedures before and after being applied on cotton fabrics by a dip-pad-dry-cure method.FindingsXRD and FTIR analyses confirmed the successful synthesis of ZnO and MgO NPs. Homogeneous formation of desired NPs and their dense and uniform deposition on the cotton fibre surface were observed using SEM. ZnO NPs and MgO NPs coatings on cotton were observed to significantly enhance self-cleaning/stain removal properties achieving Grade 5 and Grade 4 categories, respectively. In terms of ultraviolet (UV) protection, ZnO or MgO NP coated fabrics showed UPF values of greater than 50, i.e. excellent in blocking UV rays. MgO NPs exhibited 20% cleaning efficiency in treating reactive dye wastewater against ZnO NPs which were 4% efficient in the same treatment, so MgO was more suitable for such type of treatments at low cost. Both NPs were able to impart multifunctionality to cotton fabrics as per requirement of the end products. However, ZnO NPs were better for stain removal from the fabrics while MgO NPs were appropriate for UV blocking.Originality/valueIt was therefore clear that multifunctional textile products could be developed by employing a single type of cost effective and efficient nano particles.

From Functional Efficiency to Temporal Efficiency: Multifunctional Products Increase Consumer Impatience

Multifunctional products are ubiquitous in consumers' daily lives. However, scant research has examined whether and how the presence of multifunctional products systematically alters consumer behavior beyond product evaluations and adoption. Across four experiments and three supplementary studies, the authors identify a multifunction‐impatience effect. They show that after exposure to multifunctional (vs. single‐function) products, consumers are more likely to choose a smaller but sooner (vs. a larger but later) reward (Study 1), report more impatience when waiting for the web search results to load and perceive the loading time as longer (Study 2), and are willing to pay more for expedited shipping (Study 3). The authors further show that the effects occur because multifunctional products activate an efficiency goal among consumers, which renders them less patient (studies 2 and 3). In addition to the regular, “sequential” multifunctional products for which each of the functions has a specific usage situation, the proposed effect also applies to “simultaneous” multifunctional products whose functions operate simultaneously during consumption (Study 4). Taken together, this research broadens the scholarly understanding of the effects of multifunctional products from consumers' responses to these products to the unintended impact of such products on consumer impatience.

The OASIS-Sustainable Nanomanufacturing Framework (OASIS-SNF): a new simplified approach to implement sustainable production in nanomanufacturing pilot lines and evaluate its sustainable manufacturing performance

The pilot production ecosystem deployed by the EU-project OASIS consists of 12 pilot lines (PLs) for the manufacture of nanomaterials, nano-intermediates and nano-enabled products, intended for the final production of lightweight multifunctional products, based on aluminium and polymer composites, for construction, energy, automotive and aeronautics. OASIS intends to deploy this nanomanufacturing ecosystem under a common umbrella of sustainable production, to ensure a future competitive, quality, safe and environmentally friendly production of nanoproducts, in compliance with the applicable regulation. This paper introduces the new OASIS-Sustainable Nanomanufaturing Framework (OASIS-SNF) and some first results obtained during the initial stages of deployment in the PLs (diagnostic and planning stages). The adoption of the OASIS-SNF among the OASIS PLs is intended to enable them to sustainable manufacturing their nanoproducts, properly manage their sustainability priorities, and continually improve their sustainability performance (management and results).

Thermal and Quasi-Static Mechanical Characterization of Polyamide 6-Graphene Nanoplatelets Composites.

The growing demand for lightweight and multifunctional products in numerous industrial fields has recently fuelled a growing interest in the development of materials based on polymer matrices including graphene-like particles, intrinsically characterized by outstanding mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. Specifically, with regard to one of the main mass sectors, which is the automotive, there has been a significant increase in the use of reinforced polyamides for underhood applications and fuel systems thanks to their thermal and chemical resistance. In this frame, polyamide 6 (PA6) composites filled with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were obtained by melt-compounding and compared in terms of thermal and mechanical properties with the neat matrix processed under the same condition. The results of the experimental tests have shown that the formulations studied so far offer slight improvements in terms of thermal stability but much more appreciable benefits regarding both tensile and flexural parameters with respect to the reference material. Among these effects, the influence of the filler content on the strength parameter is noteworthy. However, the predictable worsening of the graphene sheet dispersion for GNPs contents greater than 3%, as witnessed by scanning electron images of the tensile fractured sections of specimens, affected the ultimate performance of the more concentrated formulation.

SO<sub>2</sub> and NH<sub>3</sub> emissions enhance organosulfur compounds and fine particle formation from the photooxidation of a typical aromatic hydrocarbon

Abstract. Aromatic hydrocarbons can dominate the volatile organic compound budget in the urban atmosphere. Among them, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (TMB), mainly emitted from solvent use, is one of the most important secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursors. Although atmospheric SO2 and NH3 levels can affect secondary aerosol formation, the influenced extent of their impact and their detailed driving mechanisms are not well understood. The focus of the present study is to examine the chemical compositions and formation mechanisms of SOA from TMB photooxidation influenced by SO2 and/or NH3. Here, we show that SO2 emission could considerably enhance aerosol particle formation due to SO2-induced sulfate generation and acid-catalyzed heterogeneous reactions. Orbitrap mass spectrometry measurements revealed the generation of not only typical TMB products but also hitherto unidentified organosulfates (OSs) in SO2-added experiments. The OSs designated as being of unknown origin in earlier field measurements were also detected in TMB SOA, indicating that atmospheric OSs might also be originated from TMB photooxidation. For NH3-involved experiments, results demonstrated a positive correlation between NH3 levels and particle volume as well as number concentrations. The effects of NH3 on SOA composition were slight under SO2-free conditions but stronger in the presence of SO2. A series of multifunctional products with carbonyl, alcohols, and nitrate functional groups were tentatively characterized in NH3-involved experiments based on infrared spectra and mass spectrometry analysis. Plausible formation pathways were proposed for detected products in the particle phase. The volatility distributions of products, estimated using parameterization methods, suggested that the detected products gradually condense onto the nucleation particles to contribute to aerosol formation and growth. Our results suggest that strict control of SO2 and NH3 emissions might remarkably reduce organosulfates and secondary aerosol burden in the atmosphere. Updating the aromatic oxidation mechanism in models could result in more accurate treatment of particle formation for urban regions with considerable SO2, NH3, and aromatics emissions.

Potential of isolated bacteria biostimulant from soil roots on white turmeric plants (Curcuma zedoaria)

The abundance of microbes around the roots of plants is an interesting thing where there is an interaction between plants and surrounding microbes. The purpose of this study was to obtain rhizosphere isolates from the soil of white turmeric roots, to determine the potential activity of rhizosphere bacteria from white turmeric as a biostimulating agent and biofertilizer agent that can help plant growth. The research method used was screening for potential growth hormone-producing bacteria (biostimulants), nitrogen fixation ability, enzyme production (protease, amylase, catalase) and biocontrol and bacterial colony PCR. The results showed that twelve rhizosphere bacteria isolates from white turmeric were isolated. Rhizosphere bacteria have the potential as a biostimulant agent, multipotential agent (biofertilizer agent, biodegradation agent and biocontrol agent) which is useful for helping plant growth, especially white turmeric plants. The twelve bacteria that had PCR amplification of the 16 S rRNA gene were performed, the results showed that the DNA bands could be continued for further identification. The results of the study by utilizing the potential of rhizosphere bacteria which have commercial value to be promoted into a safe and multi-functional biostimulant product based on superior isolates to support plant growth, especially white turmeric plants.

Integration of Kano Methods and Quality Function Deployment (Qfd) for Multi-Function Wardrobe Product Development

In the industrial environment, there are more and more rooms that are rented out for workers and families, and the cupboard is one of the products that is often needed is a cupboard. Storage aids should be designed for safe, comfortable, ergonomic, and aesthetic use. Multi-functional wardrobes are an important aspect of storage and space-saving work. Multi-functional wardrobe designs have developed, both in terms of form and function. However, along with the development of the times, there are demands for additional functions from existing multi-functional cabinets. Based on this background, this study aims to design and manufacture multi-functional wardrobe products according to consumers' requirements. For this research's success, the Kano method and the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) are used. The results obtained show 18 attributes (customer requirements) and 18 attributes (technical response) technical parameters implemented in a multi-functional wardrobe product design. The addition of functions to this multi-functional wardrobe product is a wardrobe with 2 (two) functions and 1 (accessories) additional in one product, which can be used as a cupboard, table, and table along with a chair. In operation, it is effortless because it has a knock-down system (can be folded). When used as a table, there are chairs on the right and left sides of the cabinet door that can be removed.