Multifunctional Character Research Articles

Zmiany zaludnienia obszarów wiejskich w Polsce a ich poziom rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego = Changes in population in rural areas of Poland as set against their levels of socio-economic development

Recently in Poland there has been an intensive process of transforming the economic structure of rural areas, which manifests itself, inter alia, in changing the occupational structure of its inhabitants. Development of non-agricultural ways of farming in rural areas leads to creation of rural areas of multifunctional character, with population growth, where the role of agriculture as a source of income of inhabitants is decreasing. On the other hand, in the marginal areas, with still dominant agricultural function, there is a significant population loss. One of the effects of the observed process are changes in rural settlements. The aim of the presented research is to deepen the existing knowledge on the evolution of spatial distribution of rural population depending on the level of socio-economic development of the region and structural features of the level achieved. The authors used research conducted within the framework of monitoring rural development in Poland. They compared them with the statistical database of the Central Statistical Office, which made it possible to distinguish growing and depopulating villages. The results of the study confirmed that the spatial differentiation of population in rural areas undergoes constant evolution and its effect is a decrease of population in areas located far from larger cities and an increase in suburban areas.

A novel microwave-assisted strategy to fabricate multifunctional photoactive titania-based heterostructures with enhanced activity

TiO2-ZnO heterostructures with multifunctional photoactive properties were prepared using the two-stage microwave method. The presence of a binary crystalline system (anatase – wurtzite) was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The multifunctional character of the obtained photoactive materials was evaluated in two different processes – photocatalysis and photovoltaics. Photo-oxidation tests proved that the TiO2-ZnO heterostructures demonstrate high photocatalytic activity in phenol degradation. Furthermore, the prepared titania-based heterojunction systems were employed as precursors of the semiconducting layers in the DSSCs working electrodes. The photovoltaic parameters of the cells, assembled with electrodes post-treated with TiCl4 solution, have been tremendously improved by as much as forty-fold. Additionally, the scientific novelty of the work should be emphasized, resulting from the utilization of microwave-assisted synthetic strategy for the first time to prepare highly efficient photoactive materials with significant application potential in both photocatalysis and photovoltaics (DSSC cells).

Conserving Heritage Values of Traditional Souqs: Case Study of Souq El-Turk, Alexandria. (Dept. A)

The traditional Souqs play a vital role as the heart of old Arab cities in the Mediterranean and Middle East. These Souqs are substantially linked to the historical existence of these cities, their urban development, their unique characteristic, and their associated sense of place. In the age of globalization, in the context of social and economic changes and the Widespread of typical Western-style shopping centers, many of these old Souqs face increasing challenges of maintaining their own identity or even their existence. The open and multi-functional character of such traditional Souqs has made them a focal point for interaction between tangible and intangible elements of heritage, as well as between different cultures and experiences over time. In these complex urban environments, the values-based approach is one of the most important approaches that can support the conservation and effective integration of such heritage sites within the urban context of cities. Therefore, the main concern of this paper is applying a value-based approach to conserving Souq el-Turk at Alexandria as part of the Turkish city dating back to the 17th century during the Ottoman domination of Egypt, that area is currently one of the oldest inhabited places in the city which have been facing increasing challenges due to various urban pressures along with deficiencies in the prevailing thought of conservation.

Printed Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube-Based Joule Heating Devices Integrated as Functional Laminae in Advanced Composites.

This work reports the design and fabrication of novel printed single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) electrothermal Joule heating devices. The devices are directly deposited on unidirectional (UD) glass fiber (GF) fabrics. The GF-SWCNT Joule heaters were integrated during manufacturing as "system" plies in carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite laminates. Specific secondary functions were imparted on the composite laminate endowing thus a multifunctional character. The efficient out-of-oven curing (OOC) of a CFRP laminate was demonstrated using a sandwich configuration comprising top/bottom GF-SWCNT system plies. A total power consumption of ca. 10.5 kWh for the efficient polymerization of the thermoset matrix was required. Infrared thermography (IR-T) monitoring showed a uniform and stable temperature field before and after impregnation with epoxy resin. Quasi-static three-point bending and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) revealed a minor knock-down effect of the OOC-CFRP laminates properties compared to oven cured CFRPs, whereas the glass transition temperature (Tg) was almost identical. The OOC-CFRP laminates were efficient in providing additional functions such as deicing and self-sensing that are highly sought in the energy and transport sectors, i.e., wind turbine blades or aircraft wings. The novel modular design provides unique opportunities for large-area applications via multiple interconnected arrays of printed devices.

Cable Railway as Component of Accessible Environment

This article presents a systemic analysis method. Students must form project thinking in designing an accessible urban environment. This method is demonstrated via intercomplementary aspects. The social aspect is shown via the consideration of program requirements for mobility-impaired people. The nature and climate aspect is shown via the consideration of the monsoon climate in Vladivostok in winter. The city-building aspect is shown via the priority of ensembles when environmental facilities are introduced. The architectural aspect is shown via the comprehensiveness and multi-functional character of the suggested space. The economic aspect is demonstrated via the proposal of possible services in the designed space at the state and private levels. The cultural aspect is demonstrated via the aesthetic perception of the content of the environmental design of the suggested facility. That being said, the research took into consideration the requirements of composition design, city-building architecture, and transport engineering. The authors show an example of the inclusion of the requirements from the current respective regulations in place in Russia in the project work. The integrated treatment of all these aspects is shown in the project result. The result is a draft-project for a transport communication node uniting public, service, and production infrastructure.

Perspectives for polychlorinated trityl radicals

The multifunctional character and stability of PTM radicals makes them appealing in a broad range of fields, from active components in molecular optoelectronics to active agents in bio-applications.

A Propósito do Fundo do uso coloquial à pedra angular da Arquivística custodial e patrimonialista

This paper establishes the coincidences between the narrative of José Saramago’s novelentitledTodos os Nomes(1997) and the actions of Natalis de Wailly in 1841 by order of Napoleon Bonaparte, France Imperator at that time, with the aim of creating an operative framework to organize the documentsof the France National Archives which had been dismantled to attend Bonaparte’s governance. The broadobjective of this paper is to analyze the peculiarities of the word ‘fonds’used in Saramago’s book and of the technical term Fonds created by Natalis de Wailly. Specifically, it aims to approach the multifunctional character of the word ‘fonds’colloquially used in Todos os Nomes(1997) and its transformation in technical and operative stratagem by Natalis de Wailly in 1841; highlight the conceptual confusions between Fonds, Archive Fonds and Archive present in custodial Archivistics and show the relations between the attitude of Mr.José (fictional character in Saramago’s plot) and the positionof Natalis de Wailly (real character of France of the 19thcentury) in regard to the manner how both, each one in his spatial/temporal context, personifythe maxim “You know the name you were given, you do not know the name that you have”.

A comprehensive approach for agroecosystem services and disservices valuation

The use of the ecosystem services approach for ecosystem management, including the valuation of ecosystem services, has grown in recent decades. Although a common framework is used, each ecosystem has its own characteristics. The agroecosystem, for example, is an anthropised ecosystem where ecosystem service flows are highly interrelated with the environment, positively or negatively. Therefore, agroecosystem services are usually accompanied by disservices. The valuation of agroecosystem services and disservices requires adaptation of existing ecosystem services paradigms to accommodate the innate agroecosystem idiosyncrasies. To this end, in this study, a comprehensive approach for valuation of agroecosystem services and disservices was proposed and validated in a semi-arid western Mediterranean agricultural area through stakeholder assessment, using a choice experiment. The results suggest that all categories of services (provisioning, regulating, and cultural) should be taken into account when valuing agroecosystem services and disservices. In particular, food provision (a provisioning service), water (a provisioning disservice), local climate regulation and biodiversity (regulating services), waste treatment and water purification (regulating disservices), and recreation and tourism (cultural services) are relevant for this purpose. Their relative importance in agroecosystems valuation reached 70% for agroecosystem services and 30% for disservices. Specifically, biodiversity (38%) emerged as the most relevant agroecosystem service to be valued, followed by recreation and tourism (20%), local climate regulation (7%), and food provision (5%). Among the agroecosystem disservices, water and waste treatment (15%), and water purification (15%) together contributed to 30% of the total importance. Agroecosystems should be valued considering their multifunctional character and the integration of agroecosystem services and disservices.

Multifunctional GaFeO3 Obtained via Mechanochemical Activation Followed by Calcination of Equimolar Nano-System Ga2O3–Fe2O3

The equimolar oxide mixture β-Ga2O3—α-Fe2O3 was subjected to high-energy ball milling (HEBM) with the aim to obtain the nanoscaled GaFeO3 ortho-ferrite. X-ray diffraction, 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to evidence the phase structure and evolution of the equimolar nano-system β-Ga2O3—α-Fe2O3 under mechanochemical activation, either as-prepared or followed by subsequent calcination. The mechanical activation was performed for 2 h to 12 h in normal atmosphere. After 12 h of HEBM, only nanoscaled (~20 nm) gallium-doped α-Fe2O3 was obtained. The GaFeO3 structure was obtained as single phase, merely after calcination at 950 °C for a couple of hours, of the sample being subjected to HEBM for 12 h. This temperature is 450 °C lower than used in the conventional solid phase reaction to obtain gallium orthoferrite. The optical and magnetic properties of representative nanoscaled samples, revealing their multifunctional character, were presented.

Carbon Xerogel Nanostructures with Integrated Bi and Fe Components for Hydrogen Peroxide and Heavy Metal Detection.

Multifunctional Bi- and Fe-modified carbon xerogel composites (CXBiFe), with different Fe concentrations, were obtained by a resorcinol–formaldehyde sol–gel method, followed by drying in ambient conditions and pyrolysis treatment. The morphological and structural characterization performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, N2 adsorption/desorption porosimetry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and scanning/transmission electron microscopy (STEM) analyses, indicates the formation of carbon-based nanocomposites with integrated Bi and Fe oxide nanoparticles. At higher Fe concentrations, Bi-Fe-O interactions lead to the formation of hybrid nanostructures and off-stoichiometric Bi2Fe4O9 mullite-like structures together with an excess of iron oxide nanoparticles. To examine the effect of the Fe content on the electrochemical performance of the CXBiFe composites, the obtained powders were initially dispersed in a chitosan solution and applied on the surface of glassy carbon electrodes. Then, the multifunctional character of the CXBiFe systems is assessed by involving the obtained modified electrodes for the detection of different analytes, such as biomarkers (hydrogen peroxide) and heavy metal ions (i.e., Pb2+). The achieved results indicate a drop in the detection limit for H2O2 as Fe content increases. Even though the current results suggest that the surface modifications of the Bi phase with Fe and O impurities lower Pb2+ detection efficiencies, Pb2+ sensing well below the admitted concentrations for drinkable water is also noticed.

Nanostructured polyethersulfone nanocomposite membranes for dual protein and dye separation: Lower antifouling with lanthanum (III) vanadate nanosheets as a novel nanofiller

A novel polyethersulfone (PES) nanocomposite membrane incorporated with lanthanum vanadate (LaVO3) nanosheets was fabricated based on phase inversion approach. The morphology and the performance of the fabricated nanocomposite membranes were systematically studied by ATR-FTIR, SEM, AFM, porosity, water contact angle, antifouling and rejection measurements. The resulting membranes showed an asymmetric structure with finger-like pores in which the surface roughness declined by adding different dosages of LaVO3 nanosheets. Contact angle measurements proved that the hydrophilicity of the nanocomposite membranes significantly increased. Furthermore, the water flux of the resulting nanocomposite membranes markedly enhanced due to the nanosheets incorporation. Moreover, nanocomposite membranes showed remarkable antifouling properties (flux recovery ratio ~85%) in contrast with the bare PES (flux recovery ratio ~60%). The high retention of Solazol Red SP-3B (~99%) and Bovine serum albumin (BSA) (~99%) as well as the high permeation flux of the fabricated membrane unveiled the multifunctional character of the nanocomposite membrane for purification of dyes and proteins.

Boosting the Performance of Graphene Cathodes in Na-O2 Batteries by Exploiting the Multifunctional Character of Small Biomolecules.

Graphene aerogels derived from a biomolecule-assisted aqueous electrochemical exfoliation route are explored as cathode materials in sodium-oxygen (Na-O2 ) batteries. To this end, the natural nucleotide adenosine monophosphate (AMP) is used in the multiple roles of exfoliating electrolyte, aqueous dispersant, and functionalizing agent to access high quality, electrocatalytically active graphene nanosheets in colloidal suspension (bioinks). The surface phenomena occurring on the electrochemically derived graphene cathode is thoroughly studied to understand and optimize its electrochemical performance, where a cooperative effect between the nitrogen atoms and phosphates from the AMP molecules is demonstrated. Moreover, the role of the nitrogen atoms in the adenine nucleobase of AMP and short-chain phosphate is unraveled. Significantly, the use of such cathodes with a proper amount of AMP molecules adsorbed on the graphene nanosheets delivers a discharge capacity as high as 9.6mAhcm-2 and performs almost 100 cycles with a considerably reduced cell overpotential and a coulombic efficiency of ≈97% at high current density (0.2mAcm-2 ). This study opens a path toward the development of environmentally friendly air cathodes by the use of natural nucleotides which offers a great opportunity to explore and manufacture bioinspired cathodes for metal-oxygen batteries.

Multifunctional environmental applications of ZnO nanostructures synthesized by the microwave-assisted hydrothermal technique

Herein, we explore the multifunctional potential of ZnO nanostructures obtained via the microwave-assisted hydrothermal (MAH) method using a single synthesis route in the presence of CTAB. The ZnO samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Infrared Spectroscopy, Field Emission Gun Scanning Electron Microscopy (FEG-SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), photoluminescence properties (PL), as well as their photocatalytic activity and gas sensing response. XRD indicated that the ZnO nanostructures are free from impurities and crystallize in the hexagonal structure. FEG-SEM and TEM showed that rod-like ZnO nanostructures were obtained. Photoluminescence results indicate that the commercial ZnO sample has a higher bandgap and a more disordered crystalline structure compared with the ZnO nanostructures. The nanostructures presented superior photocatalytic performance, reaching 50% rhodamine 6-G photodegradation in 17 min, while the commercial sample took 43 min to reach the same value. The sensor film prepared from the ZnO nanostructures showed a fast response time of 10 s to 20 ppm of CO. The photocatalytic and gas sensing performances of the nanostructured ZnO highlights the multifunctional character of the nanostructures prepared via the MAH method and their potential for environmental applications such as water purification and air monitoring.

Adaptive design model for the integration of urban agriculture in the sustainable development of cities. A case study in northern Spain

Cities face major sustainability challenges but they also have the potential to provide solutions. The scientific community attributes urban agriculture a multi-functional character by virtue of its ability to provide a huge variety of ecosystem services relevant to urban sustainability and resilience. However, this scientific knowledge has not just reached urban planning and urban design planners and translates into the absence of a determined commitment to incorporate agriculture in the city. In this paper, we developed a transdisciplinary applied research for inserting urban agriculture into the design of environmentally sustainable and socially resilient cities. Supported by the European Union LIFE Program in the city of Lugo, Spain, we establish a framework that integrates scientific knowledge, professional practice and the participation of stakeholders and decision-makers to promote the design of an innovative agricultural space with demonstrative character, easily correctable, adaptable and replicable in other cities. The battery of ecosystem service indicators created to monitor and evaluate the proposal will, in turn, quantify the effective provision of ecosystem services by the design of the urban agricultural space and to help gaining support of decision-makers and citizens for urban agriculture.

Multifunctional character of revived La-modified lithium titanate electrolyte: solar cell devices at a glance

The multi-functional material Li2LaFeTiO6 belonging to double perovskite family is expected to be non-cubic structure and interaction between La and Fe introduce octahedral B-site cation dis-order or anti-site effect. The material is prepared by conventional solid state reaction technique and its formation has been checked through X-ray diffraction (XRD). It is observed that material is orthorhombic crystal structure with Pbnm space group. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) picture of the surface uncovers distinctive shape and sizes of the grains are consistently appropriated all through the surface leaving not many voids. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) study indicates there is no impurities are seen in the present material. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revels the perovskite phase and different modes of vibration. The room temperature UV–Visible spectroscopic analysis reveals material is a potential candidate photovoltaic/solar cell device. The dielectric and electrical measurement is carried out using computer control LCR analyzer. The room temperature dielectric constant and loss tangent of the material is respectively > 400 and < 0.1 which reflects it can be used for multi-layer capacitor and micro-electronics.

Boron nitride nanotubes decorated with magnetite nanoparticles for application as a multifunctional system in cancer treatment

In this work, in addition to seeking to evaluate the potential of BNNT as a ceramic matrix for stabilizing magnetite nanoparticles, it was also investigated the performance of the nanocomposite BNNT-Fe3O4 as a multifunctional system to be applied both by magnetohyperthermia and for controlled drug release. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (MET), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), vibrant sample magnetometry (VSM) and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The results indicated an effective interaction of BNNT with the nanoparticles of magnetite and maghemite, showing a superparamagnetic behavior of the nanocomposite. Measurements of AC magnetic-field-induced heating properties of the obtained nanocomposite showed the potential of the BNNT-Fe3O4 sample to reach a temperature within the appropriate range for tumor cell death. The drug release test in the presence of an external magnetic field shows that the material can be activated by an alternating magnetic field provoking the vibration of the magnetic particles and the quick release of large quantities of drugs only in the region of interest. Therefore, the results confirm the system consisting of BNNT decorated with nanoparticles of magnetite (BNNT-Fe3O4) presented a multifunctional and promising character for applications related to cancer therapy, by magnetohyperthermia and chemotherapy

Impact of NO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;x&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;α&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;-pinene and &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;β&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;-pinene photooxidation: the role of highly oxygenated organic nitrates

Abstract. The formation of organic nitrates (ONs) in the gas phase and their impact on mass formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) was investigated in a laboratory study for α-pinene and β-pinene photooxidation. Focus was the elucidation of those mechanisms that cause the often observed suppression of SOA mass formation by NOx, and therein the role of highly oxygenated multifunctional molecules (HOMs). We observed that with increasing NOx concentration (a) the portion of HOM organic nitrates (HOM-ONs) increased, (b) the fraction of accretion products (HOM-ACCs) decreased, and (c) HOM-ACCs contained on average smaller carbon numbers. Specifically, we investigated HOM organic nitrates (HOM-ONs), arising from the termination reactions of HOM peroxy radicals with NOx, and HOM permutation products (HOM-PPs), such as ketones, alcohols, or hydroperoxides, formed by other termination reactions. Effective uptake coefficients γeff of HOMs on particles were determined. HOMs with more than six O atoms efficiently condensed on particles (γeff&gt;0.5 on average), and for HOMs containing more than eight O atoms, every collision led to loss. There was no systematic difference in γeff for HOM-ONs and HOM-PPs arising from the same HOM peroxy radicals. This similarity is attributed to the multifunctional character of the HOMs: as functional groups in HOMs arising from the same precursor HOM peroxy radical are identical, vapor pressures should not strongly depend on the character of the final termination group. As a consequence, the suppressing effect of NOx on SOA formation cannot be simply explained by replacement of terminal functional groups by organic nitrate groups. According to their γeff all HOM-ONs with more than six O atoms will contribute to organic bound nitrate (OrgNO3) in the particulate phase. However, the fraction of OrgNO3 stored in condensable HOMs with molecular masses &gt; 230 Da appeared to be substantially higher than the fraction of particulate OrgNO3 observed by aerosol mass spectrometry. This result suggests losses of OrgNO3 for organic nitrates in particles, probably due to hydrolysis of OrgNO3 that releases HNO3 into the gas phase but leaves behind the organic rest in the particulate phase. However, the loss of HNO3 alone could not explain the observed suppressing effect of NOx on particle mass formation from α-pinene and β-pinene. Instead we can attribute most of the reduction in SOA mass yields with increasing NOx to the significant suppression of gas phase HOM-ACCs, which have high molecular mass and are potentially important for SOA mass formation at low-NOx conditions.

Hydrophobic interpenetrating polyamide-PDMS membranes for desalination, pesticides removal and enhanced chlorine tolerance

Hydrophobic membranes for desalination and toxic organic pollutant removal have been fabricated using polyamide - PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) chemistries in a one-step protocol. The curing of polyamide and PDMS are orthogonal and co-curing both networks imparts hydrophobicity to the thin film composite membranes. The membranes exhibit increased adsorption of pesticides from the feed water along with maintaining excellent salt rejection capability (97% NaCl rejection), thus giving the membranes a multifunctional character. Three toxic pesticides have been used in this study to demonstrate the viability of combining osmosis desalination technology with organic matter adsorption. The membranes also show excellent resistance to fouling by toxic pesticides (85% salt rejection vs 67% for commercial membranes in the presence of pesticides) and significantly improved chlorine tolerance (93.8% salt rejection vs 86.5% for commercial membranes after 20h of exposure to sodium hypochlorite solution).

A Direção de Fotografia no Cinema: uma abordagem sistêmica sobre seu processo de criação

O presente artigo tem como objetivo entender o papel do Diretor de Fotografia dentro de uma produção cinematográfica de caráter ficcional. Tendo como fundamento analítico os teóricos dos sistemas Edgar Morin e Jorge Vieira, o texto nos conduz a uma reflexão sobre o processo de co-autoria, fugindo das simplificações e trazendo a complexidade à poética do cinema. O artigo ainda aborda os aspectos antogônicos e contraditórios de duas metodologias de produção: a) de um lado o burocratizado modelo hollywoodiano fordista-taylorista adotado como parâmetro organizacional em produções cinematográficas no começo do século XX pelo cinema de indústria; b) de outro o modelo elitizado e romântico do “cinema de autor” cuja matriz relega apenas ao cineasta a assinatura de um filme; para depois complexificá-los por meio de parâmetros sistêmicos de análise. O artigo termina expondo o caminho evolutivo encontrado no processo de criação vinculado ao Diretor de Fotografia e qual seu papel na consolidação da poética cinemática de um diretor de cinema, e ainda aborda o caráter poli-funcional das produções atuais em que este profissional também assume ou acumula outras funções na confecção de um filme em plataforma digital.

Fat substitution by inulin in goat milk ice cream produced with cajá (Spondias mombin) pulp and probiotic cultures: influence on composition, texture, and acceptability among consumers of two Brazilian regions

The production of a goat milk ice cream with a typical Brazilian fruit, probiotic cultures and with the fat substitution by inulin could be an opportunity of products’ diversification for the growing goat dairy sector in Brazil and also to attend the consumers’ demand of healthy indulgence products. However, the probiotic stability and texture could be affected by the fat replacement in a frozen product, and sensory acceptability can vary according to the country region. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of substitution of goat milk cream by inulin on the stability and quality parameters such as fat content, fatty acid profile, lactobacilli viability, hardness and melting rate of goat milk ice cream produced with cajá pulp and probiotic cultures of Lactobacillus rhamnosus or Lactobacillus paracasei. Focusing on the opportunity of spreading food products containing regional ingredients, a sensory evaluation was conducted with consumers of two distinct Brazilian regions (São Paulo and Sobral, south-eastern and north-eastern cities, respectively). Formulations with inulin fitted requirements for low fat and low saturated fat products. Probiotic cultures survived well in all tested formulations since added probiotics maintained viability levels above 8.00 log cfu/g during storage. The full-fat ice creams achieved significant higher acceptability among the consumers of Sobral when compared with those of São Paulo, reinforcing that familiarization with goat milk can influence the acceptability of caprine dairy products. Inulin added ice creams showed lower overrun, with hardness and melt-down profile increased in comparison with milk cream formulations. Nonetheless, inulin successfully substituted milk cream in goat milk ice creams with cajá as their scores of sensory acceptability were above 7.00 and similar within both consumer groups. The multi-functional character of the inulin added ice creams indicate their potential contribution for good health if consumed as part of a well-balanced diet.