Multiferroic Nanocomposite Research Articles

Magnetoelectric coupling response of novel mullite coated Ni–Zn–Cu-ferrite nanocomposite

Novel multiferroic nanocomposite fabricated by Ni–Zn–Cu-ferrite (NZCF)-mullite is reported in this article. The crystallographic phases are confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The static magnetic properties are measured for both bare NZCF and mullite encapsulated NZCF nanocomposite which show the successful retention of the magnetic behaviors of the nanocomposites even at higher annealing temperature of 1200 °C. The dielectric response is estimated and high value of dielectric constant (∼210.7 at 100 Hz) is observed for the mullite encapsulated NZCF nanocomposite due to the formation of interfacial polarization in the nanocomposite. The temperature dependent dielectric response suggests the presence of dielectric polarization in the NZCF-mullite nanocomposite. Magnetocapacitance (MC) study of the NZCF-mullite nanocomposite sample is observed at room temperature (RT). The observed MC and its variation with magnetic field confirm the presence of strong interactions between the magnetic and ferroelectric order parameters in the nanocomposite sample.

Enhancement in the magneto-dielectric and ferroelectric properties of BaTiO3 – CoFe1.9Yb0.1O4 core-shell multiferroic nanocomposite

Herein we report the dielectric, ferroelectric, magnetocapacitance and energy storage density properties of CoYb0.1Fe1.9O4-BaTiO3 core-shell multiferroic nano-composite synthesized by the combination of co-precipitation and sol-gel method. The XRD spectra revealed that the ferroelectric BT phase is compatible with the magnetic YbCFO phase. Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) confirmed the formation of core-shell like structure in the composite. The magnetic and ferroelectric phase preserves their basic individual properties in the core–shell form. The temperature dependence of dielectric permittivity showed a sharp phase transition from cubic to tetragonal structure of the core-shell composite at 312.726 K. Frequency dependent dielectric study shows an enhanced value of permittivity (36905.0218) along with low dielectric losses (1.354). It was found that the prepared composite exhibited moderate values of saturation magnetization (3.379 emu/g) and polarization (5.146 μC/cm2) along with low remnant polarization (1.777 μC/cm2) at room temperature. Moreover, we also observed enhanced energy storage efficiency (60%) and magneto-capacitance (5.853%) which are explained due to strong interfacial coupling and reduced leakage current, making this composite promising for multifunctional device applications.

Strain‐mediated electrical and optical properties of novel lead‐free CuFe2O4–KNbO3 nanocomposite solid solutions: A combined experimental and Density Functional Theory studies

This article summarizes the strain-mediated electrical and optical properties of novel lead-free xCuFe2 O4 (1-x) KNbO3 (x= 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4) multiferroic nanocomposite through a solid state route. X-ray diffraction analysis divulges the influence of interfacial strain in the KNbO3 -CuFe2 O4 matrix and shows the coexistence of orthorhombic and cubic spinel phases, respectively. Morphological analysis reveals that the average particle size of 0.3CuFe2 O4 -0.7KNbO3 is 25 nm which is smaller than the other two nanocomposites. The UV-visible absorption studies and Raman spectroscopy of 0.3CuFe2 O4 -0.7KNbO3 nanocomposite present the high energy bandgap and electro coupling of KNbO3 and CuFe2 O4 phases. The DFT theoretical bandgap behaviors of all the three nanocomposites synchronize with the experimental bandgap results. Dielectric, ferroelectric and magnetoelectric behaviors are also improved in 0.3CuFe2 O4 -0.7KNbO3 nanocomposite as compared to pristine KNbO3 and the other two nanocomposites. HIGHLIGHTS: This article summarizes the strain-mediated electrical and optical properties of novel lead-free xCuFe2 O4 -(1-x) KNbO3 (x=0.2, 0.3, and 0.4) multiferroic nanocomposite through a solid state route. X-ray diffraction analysis divulges the influence of interfacial strain in the KNbO3 -CuFe2 O4 matrix and shows the coexistence of orthorhombic and cubic spinel phases, respectively. The 0.3CuFe2 O4 -0.7 KNbO3 nanocomposite shows a remarkable increase in the optical bandgap, remnant polarization, dielectric permittivity, and magnetoelectric coefficient compared to the other two nanocomposites. DFT calculations on KNbO3 -CuFe2 O4 matrix reveal the impact of diffusion between two phases and support the bandgap experimental results.

Magnetoelectric multiferroicity in a newly derived nanocomposite system of (Y0.97Al0.03FeO3)x((Bi0.5Na0.5)0.94Ba0.06TiO3)(1−x) [x = 0.3, 0.5

To derive a new multiferroic nanocomposite, Al-doped YFeO3 and Ba doped Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 were considered as individual components. (Bi0.5Na0.5)0.94Ba0.06TiO3 was synthesized through sol-gel technique and successfully incorporated during the preparation of Y0.97Al0.03FeO3, where two different stoichiometric ratios (YAFO)0.3(BNBT)0.7 and (YAFO)0.5(BNBT)0.5 were considered. Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffractograms confirmed the desired phase formation without any impurity. Different useful structural parameters were evaluated from Rietveld analysis, which is helpful to explore the magnetoelectric behavior of both composites. FESEM micrographs showed spherical/ellipsoidal particles scattered uniformly obeying Gaussian distribution with an average grain size obtained as ∼45.3 nm for (YAFO)0.3(BNBT)0.7 and ∼47.2 for (YAFO)0.5(BNBT)0.5. EDAX spectra confirmed the absence of impurity elements and uniform distribution of constituent elements was confirmed by EDAX mapping. Thermal variation of magnetic susceptibility from 50 K to 950 K was analyzed to know the presence of different magnetic phases in composites. Analyses of zero field cooled and field cooled magnetization variation, observed as a function of temperature and magnetization vs field loops, recorded by VSM reveal the presence of antiferromagnetism in both composites with a maximum magnetization of 0.85 emu/g for (YAFO)0.3(BNBT)0.7 and 1.12 emu/g for (YAFO)0.5(BNBT)0.5 at room temperature (300 K). Dielectric properties observed as a function of temperature (300–450 K) and frequency (100 Hz to 5 MHz) provided various important information like permittivity, loss factor, ferroelectric to paraelectric transition temperature, etc. Room temperature dielectric strength of ∼240 with a very low loss of ∼5, indicates good dielectric nature of both composites. Direct observation of the ferroelectric loop indicates the presence of better ferroelectricity in (YAFO)0.3(BNBT)0.7 (Pmax – ∼0.029 µc/cm2) compared to (YAFO)0.5(BNBT)0.5 (Pmax – ∼0.018 µc/cm2). Magnetocapacitance coefficient is also higher in (YAFO)0.3(BNBT)0.7(∼6%) compared to (YAFO)0.5(BNBT)0.5(∼4%). All these investigations suggest that (YAFO)0.3(BNBT)0.7 can be considered a potential candidate as type II magnetoelectric multiferroic.

Structural, magnetic properties and hyperthermia efficiency of MF/CuAl2O4 multiferroic nanocomposite

The sol gel method was used to make the nanocomposites MF/CuAl2O4 (MF = CoFe2O4, NiFe2O4, MgFe2O4, and ZnFe2O4) in two steps. All nanocomposites were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and a High-resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HR-TEM). The results show that there are two spinal structure phases (MF + CuAl). The particle size of MF/CuAl is suitable for biological applications. The magnetic properties were examined by the Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). All samples showed typical ferrimagnetic behavior, except for ZnF/CuAl, which was found to be superparamagnetic. The heating efficiency of all samples was investigated by measuring the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) parameter. The SAR of NiF/CuAl showed a maximum value as well as saturation magnetization (Ms) and the lowest coercivity (Hc) value. The MF/CuAl is a very distinctive nanocomposite for magneto-hyperthermia applications, which are promising systems for the treatment of cancer.

Structural, magnetic, electric and hyperfine behavior of a new multiferroic nanocomposite (Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4)0.5(TiO2)0.5

A new multiferroic nanocomposite resulting from a subtile mixture of Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 and TiO2 nanocrystalline grains was synthesized by bottom-up approach. The structural, nanostructural and morphological characteristics of the nanocomposite were carefully evaluated from the X-ray patterns, from fringe patterns and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns obtained by High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope. The dielectric permittivity of the NZFO-TO nanocomposite is characterized by a phase transition from the ferroelectric to paraelectric order at ∼390 K while the corresponding spectrum reveals a non-Debye type of relaxation phenomenon. It is concluded that this nanocomposite is suitable to be applied in magnetoelectric devices.

Enhancement in the magnetoelectric and energy storage properties of core-shell-like [formula omitted] multiferroic nanocomposite

Herein we report the development of a core-shell-like CoFe2O4−BaTiO3 multiferroic nanocomposite (1:1 wt ratio) for their enhanced magnetoelectric coupling and energy storage density by the wet chemical route. Rietveld refinement analysis of the XRD pattern verified the formation of cubic spinel (CoFe2O4) and tetragonal perovskite (BaTiO3) structures. Whereas the SEM and EDX analysis confirmed the formation of core-shell-like morphology in the composite. The temperature dependence of dielectric permittivity showed two distinct peaks corresponding to the constituent phases´ structural phase transitions. However, the frequency dependence of low-temperature peak revealed an abnormal relaxor-type behavior, which is elucidated due to intrinsic structural defects that might cause alteration in the octahedron arrangement in BaTiO3. Impedance spectroscopy analysis was utilized to calculate the activation energy (Ea) of respective phases, which was found to be>1 eV that confirms the dominance of doubly ionized oxygen vacancies in governing the thermally stimulated conduction process. It was found that the prepared composite exhibited high dielectric permittivity (~2700) and moderate values of saturation magnetization (20 emu/g) and polarization (6.2 μC/cm2) along with low remnant polarization (3 μC/cm2) at room temperature. Moreover, we also observed enhanced energy storage efficiency (67%) and magnetoelectric coefficient (0.18 V/cm Oe), which are explained due to strong interfacial coupling and reduced leakage current, making this composition promising for multifunctional device applications.

Self-biased magnetoelectric switching at room temperature in three-phase ferroelectric–antiferromagnetic–ferrimagnetic nanocomposites

Magnetoelectric systems could be used to develop magnetoelectric random access memory and microsensor devices. One promising system is the two-phase 3-1-type multiferroic nanocomposite in which a one-dimensional magnetic column is embedded in a three-dimensional ferroelectric matrix. However, it suffers from a number of limitations including unwanted leakage currents and the need for biasing with a magnetic field. Here we show that the addition of an antiferromagnet to a 3-1-type multiferroic nanocomposite can lead to a large, self-biased magnetoelectric effect at room temperature. Our three-phase system is composed of a ferroelectric Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 matrix in which ferrimagnetic NiFe2O4 nanocolumns coated with antiferromagnetic p-type NiO are embedded. This system, which is self-assembled, exhibits a magnetoelectric coefficient of up to 1.38 × 10–9 s m–1, which is large enough to switch the magnetic anisotropy from the easy axis (Keff = 0.91 × 104 J m–3) to the easy plane (Keff = –1.65 × 104 J m–3). A three-phase system that is composed of a ferroelectric Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 matrix in which ferrimagnetic NiFe2O4 nanocolumns coated with antiferromagnetic p-type NiO are embedded exhibits self-biased magnetoelectric switching at room temperature.

Development of liquid-phase fabrication of nanotube array-based multiferroic nanocomposite film

Owing to their unique characteristics, multiferroic materials are expected to be widely used in the next-generation multifunctional devices. In addition to improving their characteristics, developing affordable fabrication processes for multiferroic materials is highly demanded in both industry and academia. In this paper, we show a novel process named electric-assisted magnetophoretic deposition for the fabrication of nanotube array-based multiferroic nanocomposite films. Magnetic nanoparticles were homogeneously deposited on the inner walls of the nanotube array substrate. A BaTiO3-CoFe2O4 nanotube array-based multiferroic nanocomposite film prepared in this work exhibited a magnetoelectric effect originating from the strain transfer between the two components.

Synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide @ silver ferrite multiferroic nanocomposite

Multiferroic substances have a several applications in microwave devices, photo-voltaic technologies, energy harvesting, magnetic sensors, solid-state refrigeration, data storage devises and random-access memories, etc. In this paper we present a detailed synthesis of a multiferroic nanozinc oxide-silver ferrite hybrid composite and its characterization. This method involves co-precipitation followed by sol gel technique. We achieved hybrid nanoparticles of size 38 nm with homogeneous orthorhombic silver ferrite distribution on tetragonal nano wurtzite ZnO. It was determined that the band gap of the hybrid material was less than undoped material and the hybrid material also exhibits soft ferromagnetic nature. These results reveal the synthesized nano ZnO@AgFeO2 hybrid materials are multiferroic in nature when compared to their individual components.

Multifunctional films of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/ZnFe2O4 nanofibers for nanogenerator applications

A two-step synthesis method was used to prepare a flexible PVDF/ZnFe2O4 multiferroic nanocomposite film. ZnFe2O4 nanofibers synthesized using electrospinning technique were incorporated into a PVDF matrix to form PVDF/ZnFe2O4 composite films through the solution-casting process. XRD patterns confirmed the formation of the polar β-phase in films, which is responsible for ferroelectricity. The percentage of the β-phase, calculated by FTIR analysis, reached 88% with the incorporation of ZnFe2O4 in PVDF. The transformation of α to β-phase microstructure were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The dielectric constant and tangent loss of the composites with respect to ZnFe2O4 loading were measured. The dielectric constant increase with the increasing concentration of ZnFe2O4, and a maximum value of 30 was obtained for a ZnFe2O4 concentration of 15 wt%. Ferroelectric properties were analyzed by taking into consideration the domain switching behavior, which was investigated by dynamic contact electrostatic force microscopy (DC-EFM), whereas the magnetic properties were analyzed using magnetic force microscopy (MFM). The as-synthesized composite films were further used to fabricate a nanogenerator, which was capable of generating up to 7 V (peak–peak) as a maximum open circuit voltage for a 15 wt% ZnFe2O4-loaded film at 1.5 N of applied force. In addition, the nanogenerator delivered an output power of 4 μW at a load resistance of 500 kΩ, and the results were compared with previous results.

Enhanced microwave absorption characteristic of decorated MWCNTs with La0.9Bi0.1Fe0.8Co0.2O3 multiferroic nanoparticles via coating by PEDOT/Polyaniline co-polymer

The microstructural and microwave absorption characteristics of multiferroic nanocomposite (La0.9Bi0.1Fe0.8Co0.2O3 and MWCNTs) coated with PEDOT/Polyaniline co-polymer, was studied systematically. First, MWCNTs/La0.9Bi0.1Fe0.8Co0.2O3 nanocomposite was synthesized using sol-gel auto-ignition and then PEDOT/Polyaniline polymers were coated on MWCNTs/La0.9Bi0.1Fe0.8Co0.2O3 powder via in-situ polymerization method. The effects of the copolymers coating on the structure, morphology, magnetic and electromagnetic performances of the prepared multiferroic nanocomposite surface were comprehensively investigated via XRD, FESEM, VSM and VNA analysis. Enhanced interfacial dielectric relaxation and also perfectly tuned in impedance matching characteristics were achieved by coating nanocomposite with co-polymers. Coating multiferroic nanocomposite with PEDOT/Polyaniline polymers were leading to decrease in matching thickness. Moreover, the significant improvement in microwave absorption properties were also investigated. It was noticed that the coated nanocomposite achieved maximum reflection loss of −60 dB at 11.8 GHz matching frequency with 3.9 GHz bandwidth.

Influence of Ruthenium on flexible polyvinylidene fluoride/BiKFe2O5 multiferroic nanocomposite

In the present work, we report synthesis, structural, magnetic and dielectric studies of Ruthenium (Ru) doped BKFO (BiKFe2O5) multiferroic nanocomposite. The Multiferroic nanopowders were synthesized using coprecipitation method and annealed powders were dispersed in Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix. The heat treated nanopowders were characterized using X-ray Diffraction, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Vibration Sample Magnetometer, and Dielectric measurements were carried out on films. All the reflections from XRD spectrum are indexed with orthorhombic structure (space group Pbnm). Particle size measured from TEM is observed as less than 100 nm. The EDS spectrum confirms the presence of all the elements in respective concentrations in the synthesized samples. Enhancement in Ferromagnetic nature and influence on dielectric behaviour was observed with Ru doping.

Tuning magnetoelectric effect in Pb(1−x)SrxTiO3/CoFe2O4 multiferroic nanocomposites by varying Sr content

Effect of chemical compositions in ferroelectric phase on magnetoelectric (ME) coupling is investigated for (3-1) multiferroic Pb(1−x)SrxTiO3/CoFe2O4 nanocomposites, via phase field model. The Sr content in ferroelectric phase varies in a wide range of 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4. Stripe polarization domain structure is stably formed in the ferroelectric matrix, while rectilinear magnetization domain appears in each ferromagnetic nanowire. Average sizes of polarization domains strongly depend on the Sr content in the ferroelectric matrix. The magnitude of polarization in the ferroelectric matrix monotonically decreases with increasing Sr content. Interestingly, the ME coupling of the multiferroic nanocomposites depends non-monotonically on the Sr content. In particular, the ME coefficient increases with the Sr content x < 0.15 and decreases with x > 0.15. The largest ME coefficient is obtained in the multiferroic nanocomposite with x = 0.15. On the other hand, we show that the ME coupling is dependent of both the density of polarization domain walls and elastic energy of the nanocomposites. Importantly, as the Sr content increases, the density of polarization domain walls and elastic energy vary oppositely, which results in the non-monotonic change of ME coupling. The change of ME coupling with the Sr content is governed by the increase of elastic energy as x < 0.15, but dominated by the decrease of domain wall density as x > 0.15. The obtained results suggest an optimized range of chemical compositions in the ferroelectric matrix of multiferroic nanocomposites to obtain a high ME coupling.

Novel application of multiferroic compound for green electricity generation fabricated as hydroelectric cell

Creation of nanoporosity and oxygen deficiency in ferrite and metal oxides has played a unique key role in dissociation of water molecules to generate electricity by hydroelectric cell (HEC). Multiferroic compounds have been explored extensively for its multidimensional applications as spintronics material but its inherent limitation of oxygen deficiency presence in the compound has exploited for water molecule dissociation in the fabrication of HEC. Multiferroic nanocomposites of tetragonal BaTiO3 (BTO) and cubic CoFe2O4 (CFO) have been synthesized at low temperature in order to create oxygen defects and nanoporosity. Nanocomposite (1-x)BTO-xCFO (x = 0.0, 0.15, 0.25, 0.35, 0.45, 1.0) based HEC has been investigated for water molecule dissociation to generate electricity. Nanocomposite BTO-CFO based HEC generated more current and voltage compared to single BTO/CFO compound. Multiferroic nanocomposite exhibits lattice strain in BTO due to lattice mismatch of two phases. Moreover X-ray diffraction of polycrystalline BTO-CFO showed compressive strain in tetragonal lattice also confirmed by high resolution transmission microscopy (HRTEM). Lattice mismatch of two phase induces strain in BTO lattice lead to defects which is confirmed by photoluminescence spectroscopy. Porous microstructure and grain size distribution from 66 to 300 nm has been observed by field effect scanning electron microscopy images. Circular disc of BTO-CFO (area 4.5 cm2) has been fabricated as HEC with zinc and silver electrodes attached on opposite faces of disc. On the cell surface dissociation of water molecule occurs spontaneously at room temperature. Electricity is produced on the migration and collection of dissociated H3O+ and OH− by Ag and Zn electrodes. Maximum current 7.93 mA and 0.70 V has been generated from BTO85 based HEC by sprinkling few drops of water on the cell surface.

FEM analysis of a multiferroic nanocomposite: comparison of experimental data and numerical simulation

In this contribution, we analyze the properties of two-phase magneto-electric (ME) composites. Such ME composite materials have raised scientific attention in the last decades due to many possible applications in a wide range of technical devices. Since the effective magneto-electric properties significantly depend on the microscopic morphology, we investigate in more detail the changes in the in-plane polarization due to an applied magnetic field. It was shown in previous works that it is possible to grow vertically aligned nanopillars of magnetostrictive cobalt ferrite in a piezoelectric barium titanate matrix by pulsed laser deposition. Based on x-ray linear dichroism, the displacements of titanate ions in the matrix material can be measured due to an applied magnetic field near the boundary of the interface between the matrix and the nanopillars. Here, we focus on (1–3) fiber-induced composites, based on previous experiments, where cobalt ferrite nanopillars are embedded in a barium titanate matrix. In the numerical simulations, we adjusted the boundary value problem to match the experimental setup and compare the results with previously made assumptions of the in-plane polarizations. A further focus is taken on the deformation behavior of the nanopillar over its whole height. Such considerations validate the assumption of the distortion of the nanopillars under an external magnetic field. Furthermore, we analyze the resulting magneto-electric coupling coefficient.

Comparison of experimental data and FEM simulation for a multiferroic nanocomposite

AbstractThe combination of ferromagnetic and ferroelectric materials, so‐called multiferroic composites, increases the opportunities for technical sensors and data storage devices, see [1]. The magnetic and electric constituents have the property to affect each other e.g. an applied electric field modifies the magnetization of the magnetic phase. In nature also single‐phase materials exist with magneto‐electric properties. Though, the interoperation of the magnetization and the polarization is exclusively activated at very low temperature. Therefore, they are not favorable for most of the known technical applications. Considering this, the magneto‐electric (ME) composites can be seen as a good option since their synergy of the magneto‐electric properties is active at room temperature [2] and can be differentiated in two different effects, the direct and the converse ME effect. We will focus on (1‐3) nanocomposite grounded on the experiments made in [3] and [4]. In the experiments, cobalt ferrite nanopillars, embedded in a barium titanate matrix, are characterized. Then, for the numerical FEM‐simulations the material coefficients from [5] and [6] are taken. The change of the strain‐induced in‐plane polarizations of the ferroelectric matrix around one cobalt ferrite nanopillar is calculated. These computed results are compared to the ones of the experimental measurement outcomes.

Magnetic field control of polarization/capacitance/voltage/resistance through lattice strain in BaTiO3-CoFe2O4 multiferroic nanocomposite

Magnetoelectric (ME) nanocomposites is a topic of intensive research due to their superficial potential in spintronic applications. In the present work, the magnetic field controlled electrical polarization is studied in hydrothermally synthesized multiferroic 0.25BaTiO3-0.75CoFe2O4 (BTO-CFO) nanocomposite. This multiferroic heterostructure is combined ferrimagnetic (CFO) with ferroelectric/piezoelectric (BTO) and achieved strain-mediated ME effect, which can effectively mediate magnetic anisotropy. The X-ray diffraction pattern confirmed polycrystalline phases of spinel CFO and tetragonal BTO, for which the compressive lattice strain is made. The microstructural study has evaluated BTO-CFO nanoparticles formation and the value of d-lattice spacing is calculated. The room temperature magnetic hysteresis is arising which depends on CFO inversion degree, and the change in bond-angle/length along A and B-sites. The ferroelectric hysteresis is measured at room temperature, which changed with applied magnetic field, i.e., the phenomenon of reduction in domain wall pinning related with oxygen vacancies and grain boundaries effect. The magnetic field is also influenced impedance spectra to induce magnetoimpedance effect and the positive value of magnetoresistance is obtained. A giant magnetodielectric coefficient up to −27% is obtained at 1 kOe of field. A strain mediated ME coupling enhancement is obtained.

Multiferroic nanocomposite fabrication via liquid phase using anodic alumina template

ABSTRACTWe report a novel and inexpensive fabrication process of multiferroic nanocomposite via liquid phase using an anodic alumina template. The sol-gel spin-coating technique was used to coat the template with ferrimagnetic CoFe2O4. By dissolving the template with NaOH aqueous solution, a unique nanotube array structure of CoFe2O4 was obtained. The CoFe2O4 nanotube arrays were filled with, and sandwiched in, ferroelectric BaTiO3 layers by a sol-gel spin-coating method to obtain the composite. Its multiferroicity was confirmed by measuring the magnetic and dielectric hysteresis loops.

Studies on multiferroic oxide-doped PVA-based nanocomposite gel polymer electrolyte system for electrochemical device application

The present work reports development of bismuth iron oxide (BFO)-doped PVA:(NH4 CH3COO) nanocomposite gel polymer electrolyte (NCGPE) films. XRD profiles revealed enhancement in the amorphous behavior of composite gel electrolyte upon incorporation of BFO as filler particles. I-t measurements exhibit ionic charge transport. The ionic conductivity of the electrolytes has been evaluated from impedance spectroscopy, and the highest value at room temperature have been found to be 1.05 × 10−3 S cm−1 for the composite gel samples containing 0.5 wt% filler concentration. The temperature dependence of ionic conductivity exhibits a combination of Arrhenius and Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher (VTF) behavior. Charge carrier density has been also evaluated from the dielectric response of the electrolyte films. Cyclic voltammetry of the films reveals a wide electrochemical window (− 2.54 to +2.89 V) with good cyclic response to suggest its applicability for battery applications.