Multi-factor System Research Articles

Determination of the characteristics of drill string vibrations during the drilling process

The object of research is vibration processes of a certain origin in the drill string with typical design deviations depending on the mode parameters of drilling. A drill string is an oscillating system with an infinite number of degrees of freedom of a multifactor system. An exhaustive study of oscillatory processes in the drill string is impossible neither analytically nor experimentally, due to the specifics of the hole deepening in various rocks, the design of the well, its shape, etc. Therefore, in practice, they try to solve the problems of the dynamics of the drill string for an idealized system and, while preserving the main oscillatory properties, solve some problems of the rod system. The work carried out was aimed at experimental studies of vibrations of the drill string during the drilling process. It is shown that the effectiveness of the use of hydrodynamic cavitation requires the development of methods and devices for intensifying the well drilling process. It is proven that the design of the cavitation generator organically fits into the existing well drilling equipment and allows for the intensification of technological processes with lower specific energy consumption. It is found that all oscillatory processes that occur in the drill string are random in nature and must be considered using the mathematical apparatus of the theory of random oscillations. The study of vibrations during well drilling shows that vibrations can be considered as random stationary processes, since transient modes have a sufficiently short duration for homogeneous rocks with fixed drilling modes. The analysis of the vibrations of the drill string elements based on random oscillations in a number of cases allows to increase the reliability of determining the vibration reliability of the drill string elements. It has been proven that the response of drill string elements to broadband random vibration can be defined as the combined effect of several narrowband random vibrations.

LowTempGAL: a highly responsive low temperature-inducible GAL system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Temperature is an important control factor for biologics biomanufacturing in precision fermentation. Here, we explored a highly responsive low temperature-inducible genetic system (LowTempGAL) in the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Two temperature biosensors, a heat-inducible degron and a heat-inducible protein aggregation domain, were used to regulate the GAL activator Gal4p, rendering the leaky LowTempGAL systems. Boolean-type induction was achieved by implementing a second-layer control through low-temperature-mediated repression on GAL repressor gene GAL80, but suffered delayed response to low-temperature triggers and a weak response at 30°C. Application potentials were validated for protein and small molecule production. Proteomics analysis suggested that residual Gal80p and Gal4p insufficiency caused suboptimal induction. 'Turbo' mechanisms were engineered through incorporating a basal Gal4p expression and a galactose-independent Gal80p-supressing Gal3p mutant (Gal3Cp). Varying Gal3Cp configurations, we deployed the LowTempGAL systems capable for a rapid stringent high-level induction upon the shift from a high temperature (37-33°C) to a low temperature (≤30°C). Overall, we present a synthetic biology procedure that leverages 'leaky' biosensors to deploy highly responsive Boolean-type genetic circuits. The key lies in optimisation of the intricate layout of the multi-factor system. The LowTempGAL systems may be applicable in non-conventional yeast platforms for precision biomanufacturing.

An approach to complex transboundary water management in Central Asia: Evolutionary cooperation in transboundary basins under the water-energy-food-ecosystem nexus

Water-related issues in transboundary basins are generally complicated by the challenges of climate change, the historical evolution of the basin characteristics, and the different interests of the riparian countries. Therefore, dealing with water-sharing and water cooperation problems among basin countries needs to be based on multi-factor system analysis in the context of regional water, energy, food (land) resources, and ecosystems. In the present study, the Aral Sea basin in Central Asia, where transboundary water problems are extremely prominent and complex, was selected as the research area. Firstly, the characteristics of the water-energy-food-ecosystem nexus of the Aral Sea basin are analyzed. Then, based on the game theory, a multi-objective game model is constructed, and the multi-objective evolutionary game process and evolutionary stable strategies (ESSs) of both the upstream and downstream countries are explored. Finally, the evolutionary stable strategy under the intervention of the basin commission is simulated. The results show that there are obvious reciprocal feedbacks among water, land, energy, and ecosystem in the Aral Sea basin, and the uneven distribution of natural resources, fragile ecosystems, and conflicting demands of multiple actors lead to the unstable evolution of the nexus. Driven by the maximization of upstream and downstream countries’ respective interests, the optimal stabilization strategy of the system cannot be realized. Whereas, the introduction of the basin commission intervention and its restraint mechanism is conducive to promoting cooperation and maximizing the overall benefits of the basin. The incentives and penalties of the basin commission have significant effects on whether the system can reach Pareto optimality, and higher incentive coefficient and penalty coefficient help the system converge to the ideal state more quickly. The evolution of the water-energy-food-ecosystem nexus based on the perspective of the whole basin can provide theoretical support for dealing with the transboundary water conflicts, and the cooperation strategy aiming at maximizing the overall benefits of the basin can provide decision-making basis for promoting transboundary water cooperation and synergistic development of the water-energy-food-ecosystem nexus.

Parallel Mediation Model of the Effect of Callous–unemotional Traits On Adolescents' Externalizing Problem Behaviors

Externalizing problem behaviors significantly affect adolescent mental health. This study adopted a cross-sectional design based on the multifactor system model of personality and individual differences to explore the relationships between callous–unemotional traits, externalizing problem behaviors, moral disengagement, and emotion awareness. Survey data were collected from 1,080 adolescents in China. The results showed that callous–unemotional traits were significantly and positively correlated with externalizing problem behaviors, and that moral disengagement and emotion awareness mediated this relationship. Our findings provide guidance for the intervention in and prevention of externalizing behavior problems among adolescents.

Ultimately Bounded TSK Fuzzy Management in Urban Traffic Stream Mechanism: Multi-Agent Modeling Approach

In this paper, a novel control approach based on the selection of the type of traffic light and the period of the green phase to accomplish an optimum balance at intersections is proposed. This balance should be flexible to the static behavior of time, and randomness in a traffic situation, which the goal of the proposed method is to reduce traffic volume in transportation, the average delay for each vehicle, and control over the crash of cars. The proposed method was specifically investigated at the intersection through an appropriate timing of traffic lights by sampling a multi-agent system. It consists of a large numbers of intersections, each of which is considered as an independent agent that exchanges information with each other, and the stability of each agent is provided separately. The robustness against uncertainties, scalability, and stability of the closed-loop overall system are the main merits of the proposed methodology. The simulation results show that the fuzzy intelligent controller in this multi-factor system which is a TS fuzzy is more useful than scheduling in the fixed-time method and it reduces the lengths of vehicles queuing.

Analysis of Carbon Emission Projections and Reduction Potential of Resource-Dependent Urban Agglomerations from the Perspective of Multiple Scenarios-A Case Study of Hu-Bao-O-Yu Urban Agglomeration.

The Hu-Bao-O-Yu urban agglomeration is an important energy exporting and high-end chemical base in China, and is an important source of carbon emissions in China. The early achievement of peak carbon emissions in this region is particularly crucial to achieving the national carbon emission reduction targets. However, there is a lack of multi-factor system dynamics analysis of resource-dependent urban agglomerations in Northwest China, as most studies have focused on single or static aspects of developed urban agglomerations. This paper analyses the relationship between carbon emissions and their influencing factors, constructs a carbon emission system dynamics model for the Hu-Bao-O-Yu urban agglomeration, and sets up different single regulation and comprehensive regulation scenarios to simulate and predict the carbon peak time, peak value, and emission reduction potential of each city and urban agglomeration under different scenarios. The results show that: (1) Hohhot and Baotou are expected to reach peak carbon by 2033 and 2031 respectively, under the baseline scenario, while other regions and the urban agglomeration will not be able to reach peak carbon by 2035. (2) Under single regulation scenarios, the effect of factors other than the energy consumption varies across cities, but the energy consumption and environmental protection input are the main factors affecting carbon emissions in the urban agglomeration. (3) A combination of the economic growth, industrial structure, energy policy, environmental protection, and technology investment is the best measure to achieve carbon peaking and enhance the carbon emission reduction in each region as soon as possible. In the future, we need to coordinate the economic development, energy structure optimisation and transformation, low-carbon transformation of industry, strengthen research on carbon sequestration technology, and further increase the investment in environmental protection to make the Hu-Bao-O-Yu urban agglomeration a resource-saving urban agglomeration with an optimal emission reduction.

ИНСТРУМЕНТАРИЙ ЦИФРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ ДЛЯ ПРИНЯТИЯ ОТВЕТСТВЕННЫХ УПРАВЛЕНЧЕСКИХ РЕШЕНИЙ НА ПРИНЦИПАХ ESG

The problem of finding effective tools for making responsible management decisions based on ESG principles to ensure the achievement of sustainable development goals is relevant today. The authors of this article reveal the reasons that make it difficult to form mutually beneficial ties between the state, business and society. The importance of using fundamentally new technologies that are friendly to nature, on the one hand, and ensure the competitiveness of leading economies, including the Russian economy, on the other, is noted. The most promising digital solutions are highlighted, the use of which has the greatest potential in ESG transformations. ESG practice is considered as a multi-factor system that regulates, takes into account and evaluates the effectiveness of financing environmental projects and projects with an environmental component, taking into account the social consequences of the implementation of these projects. The authors link the effectiveness of a responsible, balanced approach to doing business with the level of development of automated IT decision support systems. It is shown that the introduction of new management methods based on digital IT technologies will make it possible to integrate the principles of sustainability into the development strategies of companies.

Research on Multifactor Analysis and Quantitative Evaluation Method of Rockburst Risk in Coal Mines

Abstract The prevention of rockbursts is significant to ensure mining safety in deep coal mines. The multifactor analysis and a new quantitative evaluation method for rockbursts in coal mines are proposed in this study. In the aspect of rockburst analysis, a multifactor system of rockburst risk based on the material, stress, and large-scale geological structure is proposed. The factors influencing rockbursts in coal mines are analyzed by numerical simulations. Based on a standard mining model, three comparative models considering the rockburst tendency, high stress, and geological structure are established. The distribution of maximum principal stress and plastic zone during the mining process is compared. The reasons why these three types of factors are liable to trigger rockbursts lie in generating high-stress zones in surrounding rock masses. In the aspect of quantitative evaluation, the monitored microseismic signal is selected as the key indicator, and the daily frequency of microseisms is analyzed. A normal distribution function based on the daily frequency of microseisms is established. The interval of daily frequency of microseisms is set to judge whether the microseismic frequency is abnormal and then determine the rockburst risk of coal mines. Considering the results of multifactor analysis, it is proposed that the monitoring system combining microseisms with stress is the direction to accurately and quantitatively evaluate the rockburst risk in the future. This study makes specific explorations in the quantitative evaluation of rockburst risk in coal mines.

Thermodynamic analysis of casting titanium alloys is the basis of information support in the optimal foundry technology development

The necessity of systematic formation of intellectual connections for integration into a single complex of currently fragmented software products for the technological analysis of the castings geometry, thermodynamic modeling of the titanium alloys properties, calculation of molding mixtures thermophysical characteristics for the purpose of conjugate implementation of a set of modeling procedures and casting processes diagnostics of is proved. Lack of such an integrated software package, computer analysis of modeling results in the existing manufacturing products practice demonstrates (by the example of the shrinkage defects distribution in a responsible casting of TL3 alloy) the need for radical technological design tools’ improvement.One of the key components of the “digital technology” being formed in the future is thermodynamic modeling of equilibrium phase transformations, which allows calculating the physico-chemical parameters, thermodynamic, thermophysical and casting parameters of titanium alloys and their evolution in the temperature range of crystallization. Based on thermodynamic simulation, experimental planning apparatus and the experience of statistical analysis carried out, a method for forming models for estimating equilibrium parameters used in modeling foundry processes has been developed, and it shows the possibility of applying it to various casting titanium alloys. For the standard composition of the TL3 alloy, a multifactor system of equations was obtained, reflecting the degree of influence of the components on the fluctuations of the alloy characteristics complex, which determine the development of a series of casting defects. The possibilities of using the obtained models for TL3 alloy and methods of obtaining them for use in computer modeling systems to increase the adequacy and accuracy of the results obtained are described.

Designing the Controller-Based Urban Traffic Evaluation and Prediction Using Model Predictive Approach

As society grows, the urbanized population proliferates, and urbanization accelerates. Increasing traffic problems affect the normal process of the city. The urban transportation system is vital to the effective functioning of any city. Science and technology are critical elements in improving traffic performance in urban areas. In this paper, a novel control strategy based on selecting the type of traffic light and the duration of the green phase to achieve an optimal balance at intersections is proposed. This balance should be adaptable to fixed behavior of time and randomness in a traffic situation; the goal of the proposed method is to reduce traffic volume in transportation, the average delay for each vehicle, and control the crashing of cars. Due to the distribution of urban traffic and the urban transportation network among intelligent methods for traffic control, the multi-factor system has been designed as a suitable, intelligent, emerging, and successful model. Intersection traffic control is checked through proper traffic light timing modeled on multi-factor systems. Its ability to solve complex real-world problems has made multiagent systems a field of distributed artificial intelligence that is rapidly gaining popularity. The proposed method was investigated explicitly at the intersection through an appropriate traffic light timing by sampling a multiagent system. It consists of many intersections, and each of them is considered an independent agent that shares information with each other. The stability of each agent is proved separately. One of the salient features of the proposed method for traffic light scheduling is that there is no limit to the number of intersections and the distance between intersections. In this paper, we proposed method model predictive control for each intersection’s stability; the simulation results show that the predictive model controller in this multi-factor model predictive system is more valuable than scheduling in the fixed-time method. It reduces the length of vehicle queues.

Simulated Transport and Logistics Model of a Mining Enterprise

The operation of non-public railway transport of mining enterprises is characterized by a large number of operational indicators: the number of locomotive and car fleets, infrastructure development, duration of movement and processing of cars, etc. The rhythmicity of functioning of railway complex is complicated significant non-uniformity of these parameters. Car flow structure which has become much more complicated in recent years, has a significant impact on transport and logistics processes. The reason for increase in the number of low-capacity car flows was increase in the number of companies whose carriages circulate along non-public routes. In turn, similar structure of car flow, which is also characterized by significant unevenness and irregularity, leads to a complication of managing industrial transportation technology. A well-established railway mining enterprise transport system model needs to be transformed into a multi-factor system with a large number of functional relations. One of the most effective tools for transforming transportation and production systems is the logistic approach. The idea of campaign is to integrate individual links of material production into a single system, ordered along material flows and able to adequately respond to environmental disturbances. The scale of mining enterprises, the complexity and high dynamics of transport and logistics processes, as well as the multivariate managing mining transportation systems scenarios, require development of new methods of such systems functioning analysis and prediction. The article proposes a new approach to the study of operation of non-public railway transport, based on system-dynamic simulation of logistics system of a mining enterprise.

Study on the Sustainable Planning and High Efficiency Utilization of Rural Areas Based on Ecological-Production-Living Space – A Case Study of Shuihu Village, Hengdong County, China

Rural planning is an important part of territorial spatial planning. The study of rural “Ecological-production-living Space” is the key part in optimizing the land spatial development and improving the spatial planning system, which is significant for the sustainable planning and for high efficiency utilization of rural areas. In this study we take Shuihu village, Hengdong County, China, as a case study. (1) The paper applies the Analytic Hierarchy Process to construct a multi-factor evaluation system of villages “Ecological-production-living Space” for their development and construction, agricultural production conditions and ecological function suitability. Establishing the hierarchy model of rural “Ecological-production-living Space” and affecting weight values to each evaluation factor. (2) Using GIS multi-factor grid, we comprehensively evaluate the village space and identify as well as its dominant function. In the plan, the agricultural production as the leading function and as ecological and living space accounts for 36.25% of the area of the village field. The ecological production accounted for 51.71%, the development and construction accounts for 9.67%. (3) Apply rural complex concept to guide space usage separately from the production space (production and living space) , ecological space (ecological living and ecological production space), living space (living ecology and production space) ecological production and living space, to improve the ecological conservation and energy efficiency of agricultural production, to build ecological agriculture, modern agriculture and liveable idyllic community. Through these above parts, we hope to achieve the sustainable development model of rural area and high efficiency utilization of land resources.

Improving the management efficiency of machine-building enterprises (on the radio industry example)

The article is devoted to research of problems of the mechanism development for the machine-building enterprises management (on the example of the radio industry corporations) in the process of vertical and horizontal integration. These problems include: the lack of a unified approach to understanding the content development process of the corporate governance mechanism of high-tech production businesses, the universally accepted methodology of diagnostics of corporate governance mechanism of knowledge-intensive scientific and industrial corporate entities, models of increase of efficiency of integration processes. The economic essence of the categories “knowledge-intensive corporate education” and “corporate governance mechanism” is clarified. An algorithm for developing a mechanism for managing integrated corporate entities in mechanical engineering has been developed. The study proved the positive effects of integration processes on the effectiveness of engineering corporations and determines the direction of development of the mechanism for managing knowledge-intensive corporate entities: vertical integration, horizontal consolidation of the relationships of participants in scientific and industrial corporate entities. The effectiveness of the development of the management mechanism of integrated research and production corporations of the radio industry is determined by quantitative and qualitative assessment of the effectiveness and efficiency of partnerships using a multi-factor system of generalizing and specific indicators. The theoretical and practical significance of the work consists in the classification of methods and tools of corporate governance, the development of approaches and principles for the integration of corporate structures, the possibility of using the proposed developments in the development of corporate governance mechanisms in mechanical engineering.

Efficiency of flexible operation of cogeneration nuclear power plants

The purpose of the study is to estimate the efficiency of long-distance heat supply from nuclear power plants with the ability to vary the production of heat and electricity. The method of multi-factor system analysis taking into account the real cost of products produced: electricity, network water for heating and hot water supply were used. Differences in revenue from sales of heat and electricity in different months of the heating period, day and night, and also taking into account the forecast for the future, were taken into account. It is shown that only the price method of accounting for production at nuclear power plants by products can really assess the effectiveness of the multi-product production of NPPs.

Effect of Synthetic Auxin Analogs (2.4-D and α-NAA) on Growth and Biosynthetic Characteristics of Suspension Cell Culture of Tribulus terrestris L.

Effect of synthetic analogs of auxins—2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic (2.4-D) and α-naphthylacetic (α-NAA) acids—on growth characteristics and accumulation of steroidal glycosides was investigated in suspension cell culture of Tribulus terrestris L. It was found that the substitution of α-NAA for 2.4-D in the nutrient medium brought about a rise in the content of steroidal glycosides in the cultured cells (up to six times) and broadened their structural diversity (nine identified oligofurostanosides when growing culture on the medium with α-NAA vs. five compounds on the medium with 2.4-D). Positive influence of α-NAA exerted on biosynthetic characteristics of T. terrestris suspension cell culture was accompanied by changes in cell morphology (cytodifferentiation), the extent of their aggregation, and gradual decrease (during 3–4 cycles of growing) in culture viability up to its extinction. Simultaneous presence of both synthetic analogs of auxins (α-NAA and 2.4-D) in the growing medium also caused a rise in the content of steroidal glycosides in the cells of T. terrestris, although it was less pronounced (up to three times); however, the culture showed a relatively steady growth and great viability in this case. It was concluded that these two auxin analogs differently influenced the growth of plants’ cells in vitro and biosynthesis of substances of specialized metabolism, 2.4-D promoted cell proliferation, whereas α-NAA induced cytodifferentiation and activated the production of secondary compounds. This conclusion is corroborated by the data concerning plant cell cultures of other species of medicinal plants accumulating secondary metabolites from other groups. For instance, in the experiments with suspension cell culture of Panax ginseng C.A. Mey., substitution in the growth medium of α-NAA for 2.4-D brought about a rise in the content and diversity of triterpene glycosides (ginsenosides) associated with an elevated cell aggregation and deterioration of culture’s viability. Comparison of production of steroidal glycosides in plant cell cultures of T. terrestris and Dioscorea deltoidea Wall. that is grown for more than 40 years has shown that both cultures accumulated only furostanol (rather than spirostanol) glycosides that promoted cell proliferation. In suspension cell culture of Dioscorea, a high level of oligofurostanosides (up to 12% of dry biomass) was accumulated when growing culture on the medium with 2.4-D. Thus, investigation into the production of furostanol glycosides in plant cultured cells points to a multifactor system of regulation of secondary metabolism in vitro. Different synthetic auxin analogs may exert alternative influences on growth and biosynthetic processes. At the same time, prolonged culturing leads to an autoselection of cells with the properties promoting proliferation, specifically, with a high content of furostanol glycosides.

Modelling Mass Transference and Two-Directions Diffusion Coefficients in an Ellipse-Shaped Body under Multi-Factor and Un-Steady Conditions

Regarding mass transference and diffusion, very important contributions have been made through time. Numerical solutions (mostly) have been applied to plane sheets, spheres and cylinder-shaped bodies. Most of these studies were related to only one direction and specific conditions i.e, solute concentrations or stirring conditions or diffusion distances and time. However, it is difficult to find models for more than one direction and other shaped bodies as well as their behaviour under multifactor and unsteady conditions. Therefore, the aims of this study were: 1) to confirm that a pre-obtained first-order function can be used to estimate velocity of mass transferred and diffusion coefficients as function of an un-steady and multi-factor system (amount of solvent, agitation time, amount of material diffused and time) on a ellipse-shaped body; 2) to demonstrate that inferred diffusion coefficients respect Fick`s first and second laws and Walstra ́s general diffusion equation; and 3) to model inferred mass transference and two-dimension diffusion coefficients within the un-steady and multi-factor system. As for the methodology, the first order function obtained previously, a created algorithm (based on analytic mathematics, numerical and graphical solutions) and the computer programme Expert Design v.11 were used to infer solutions. Results show models with very good accuracy (p< 0.001, r2 > 0.99, Fraction of Design Space ͠100%) and an easy-to-use graphical solution.

РЕГРЕСІЙНА МОДЕЛЬ ПРОСТОРУ СТАНІВ ТЕПЛОВОГО КОМФОРТУ

Modeling the hyperspace of system states by the method of regression analysis, mathematical analysis of regression equations that model the thermal comfort index, optimization of thermal comfort by determining the coordinates of the projection of the vector image of thermal comfort onto a state hyperplane and solving an equation with many variables. Development of methods and models for a formal description of the space of states of human thermal comfort. The use of the method of regression analysis as a tool for modeling the state of thermal comfort in multidimensional hyperspace of system states is investigated. The procedure for calculating the PMV thermal comfort index and the formation of control commands for ACS of the thermal environment have been simplified. It is proved that a linear and quasilinear model of the state surface of the TC system within the selected TC intervals with sufficient accuracy for practical use calculates the PMV thermal comfort index. The regression analysis method is developed and extended to the class of thermal comfort systems. For the first time, a formal model of the space of states of thermal comfort is represented by linear and quasilinear polynomials. The state model of a complex multifactor system for providing thermal comfort for a person is represented by regression polynomials in a linear and quasilinear form, which greatly simplifies the calculation of the PMV index, classification of the state of thermal comfort, the search for optimal operating modes and command formation for actuators that are part of the ACS of the TC.

Hero: Automated Detection System for Prescription Stimulant Overdose via AI-Based Emotion Inference, Metabolite Detection, and Biometric Measurement

Over the past year, approximately 10,000 Americans have died by psychostimulant overdose, and over 50% of these deaths were caused by prescription stimulant misuse. A comprehensive approach to detect a drug overdose in the environment where it occurs is imperative to reduce the number of prescription stimulant overdose-related deaths. Teenagers are at the highest risk for prescription stimulant overdose, so this study proposes a multi-factor overdose detection system named Hero which is designed to noninvasively operate within the context of a teen’s life. Hero monitors five factors that indicate stimulant abuse: extreme mood swings, presence of amphetamine metabolite in sweat excreted from the fingertip, heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration rate. An algorithm to detect extreme mood swings in a teen’s outgoing SMS messages was developed by collecting over 3.6 million tweets, creating groups of tweets for euphoria and melancholy using guidelines adapted from DSM-5 criteria, and training six Artificial Intelligence models. These models were used to create a dual-model-based extreme mood swing detection algorithm that was accurate 96% of the time. A biochemical strip, which consisted of a diagnostic measure that changes color when in contact with amphetamine metabolite and a control measure that changes color when the appropriate volume of sweat is excreted, was created. A gold nanoparticle-based diagnostic measure and pH-based control measure were evaluated individually and on the overall strip. The diagnostic measure had an accuracy of 90.62% while the control measure had 84.38% accuracy. Lastly, a vital sign measurement algorithm was built by applying photoplethysmography image processing techniques. A regression model with height, age, and gender features was created to convert heart rate to blood pressure, and the final algorithm had an accuracy of 97.86%. All five of these factors work together to create an accurate and easily integrable system to detect overdoses in real-time and prevent prescription stimulant abuse-related deaths.

Multi-Factor Authentication and Fingerprint-based Debit Card System

One thing can be said to be common to all forms of debit card fraud – authentication bypass. This implies that a secure debit card transaction system can only be guaranteed by a safe and reliable authentication system. Many approaches have been adopted to ensure a secure authentication system, but often, these approaches are either focused on the Automated Teller Machines (ATM)/Point of Sales (POS) terminals or Online/e-commerce transactions, thus not providing full security on both fronts. In this work, we address this problem by adopting a multi-factor debit card system that uses a combination of the traditional Personal Identification Number code (PIN) and the mobile-phone delivered One-Time Password (OTP) with a biometric authentication option (fingerprint). We demonstrate that this approach ensures the security of both online and terminal transactions. The fingerprint option makes it easy to use by people who find memorizing PINs difficult.

Simulation of manufacturing systems using BPMN visual tools

The paper presents results of the methodology research related to simulation of manufacturing systems in the context of electronic product manufacturing using BPMN visual tools. Modern production of electronic equipment is a complex, distributed, multi-factor system, regarded as a socio-production system, which is a part of a more global socio-economic system. The authors provided the algorithm to synthesize integrated visual models of distributed socio-production systems. There is also a brief overview of main BPMN visual tools. Based on the research findings, the authors provided recommended applications of BPMN tools.