Multifaceted Role Research Articles

Inhibition of PNCK inflames tumor microenvironment and sensitizes head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to immune checkpoint inhibitors

BackgroundThe landscape of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is intricately linked to the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and significantly influences immunotherapy efficacy. Recent research has underscored...

A spotlight on the role of copper in the epithelial to mesenchymal transition.

The complex process known as epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a fundamental role in several biological settings, encompassing embryonic development, wound healing, and pathological conditions such as cancer and fibrosis. In recent years, a bulk of research has brought to light the key role of copper, a trace element with essential functions in cellular metabolism, cancer initiation and progression. Indeed, copper, besides functioning as cofactor of enzymes required for essential cellular processes, such as energy production and oxidation reactions, has emerged as an allosteric regulator of kinases whose activity is required to fulfill cancer dissemination through the EMT. In this comprehensive review, we try to describe the intricate relationship between the transition metal copper and EMT, spanning from the earliest foundational studies to the latest advancements. Our aim is to shed light on the multifaceted roles undertaken by copper in EMT in cancer and to unveil the diverse mechanisms by which copper homeostasis exerts its influence over EMT regulators, signaling pathways, cell metabolic reprogramming and transcription factors ultimately contributing to the spread of cancer. Therefore, this review not only may contribute to a deeper comprehension of copper-mediated mechanisms in EMT but also supports the hypothesis that targeting copper may contribute to counteract the progression of EMT-associated pathologies.

Melatonin, Melatonin Receptors and Sleep: Moving Beyond Traditional Views.

Sleep, constituting approximately one-third of the human lifespan, is a crucial physiological process essential for physical and mental well-being. Normal sleep consists of an orderly progression through wakefulness, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, all of which are tightly regulated. Melatonin, often referred to as the "hormone of sleep," plays a pivotal role as a regulator of the sleep/wake cycle and exerts its effects through high-affinity G-protein coupled receptors known as MT1 and MT2. Selective modulation of these receptors presents a promising therapeutic avenue for sleep disorders. This review examines research on the multifaceted role of melatonin in sleep regulation, focusing on selective ligands targeting MT1 and MT2 receptors, as well as studies involving MT1 and MT2 knockout mice. Contrary to common beliefs, growing evidence suggests that melatonin, through MT1 and MT2 receptors, might not only influence circadian aspects of sleep but likely, also modulate the homeostatic process of sleep and sleep architecture, or could be the molecule linking the homeostatic and circadian regulation of sleep. Furthermore, the distinct brain localization of MT1 and MT2 receptors, with MT1 receptors primarily regulating REM sleep and MT2 receptors regulating NREM sleep, is discussed. Collectively, sleep regulation extends beyond the circulating levels and circadian peak of melatonin; it also critically involves the expression, molecular activation, and regulatory functions of MT1 and MT2 receptors across various brain regions and nuclei involved in the regulation of sleep. This research underscores the importance of ongoing investigation into the selective roles of MT1 and MT2 receptors in sleep. Such research efforts are expected to pave the way for the development of targeted MT1 or MT2 receptors ligands, thereby optimizing therapeutic interventions for sleep disorders.

THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN EDUCATION

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into education is transforming the landscape of teaching and learning, offering innovative solutions and personalized learning experiences. This article explores the multifaceted role of AI in education, beginning with its historical evolution and current applications, including personalized learning, intelligent tutoring systems, and administrative automation. The benefits of AI, such as enhanced learning opportunities and improved student engagement, are weighed against challenges like equity issues and ethical concerns.

‘Travelling for $1 a day!?’ Introducing rental vehicle relocation as a tourism practice

ABSTRACT The objective of this paper is to introduce and explore the concept of rental vehicle relocation (RVR) as a mode of transport and beyond for (drive) tourists. By situating RVR within the domain of drive tourism, we contextualise its emergence amidst current scholarly discourses. Methodologically, we adopt a dual-methods strategy that integrates autoethnographic and netnographic methods to collect material in the specific context of New Zealand. The findings shed light on the multifaceted role of RVR, highlighting its significance as a mode of transport, an attraction for travellers, and a unique tourist experience. Our research makes theoretical contributions towards establishing RVR in a distinct position within the tourism ecosystem. Furthermore, this research presents practical implications for RVR platforms and rental car providers at large to acknowledge, refine, and promote RVR services.

The L-type calcium channel CaV1.3: A potential target for cancer therapy.

Cancer remains a prominent cause to life expectancy, and targeted cancer therapy stands as a pivotal approach in contemporary therapy. Calcium (Ca2+) signalling plays a multifaceted role in cancer progression, such as proliferation, invasion and distant metastasis. Otherwise, it also exerts an important influence on the efficacy of clinical treatment, including cancer therapy resistance. In this review we discuss the role of the L-type calcium channel CaV1.3 (calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 D) in different types of cancers, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for certain cancer types. The development of selective blockers of the CaV1.3 channel has been of great interest and is expected to be a new option for the treatment of cancers such as prostate cancer and endometrial cancer. We present the pharmacological properties of CaV1.3 and the current status of selective blocker development, and analyse the challenges and possible directions for breakthroughs in the development of tailored medicines.

Teachers as Catalysts for Shaping Religious Character in Youth

General Background: The youth are pivotal for national development and are increasingly required to navigate the complexities of a technologically advanced world. Specific Background: Despite this necessity, many young individuals are ill-prepared for technological engagement and often misuse these tools, which adversely affects their character. Character education is critical and must be integrated into both formal and non-formal educational systems. Knowledge Gap: While the role of Islamic boarding schools in character education is acknowledged, the specific contributions of teachers within this context remain underexplored. Aims: This research aims to elucidate the role of teachers in fostering a generation of religious professionals at the Wali Barokah Islamic Boarding School in Kediri, East Java. Results: Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through observations, interviews, and documentation, revealing that teachers serve as facilitators, motivators, and role models. Findings indicated that teachers received a high observation score of 91%, highlighting their effectiveness in character formation. Novelty: This study provides a comprehensive examination of how teacher involvement directly influences the development of religious character among students, emphasizing the multifaceted role teachers play in Islamic education. Implications: The results underscore the necessity for enhanced teacher training and support to strengthen character education in Islamic boarding schools, thereby equipping the next generation with the moral framework needed to successfully navigate contemporary challenges and contribute positively to society. Highlights: Importance of character education in Islamic boarding schools for youth. Teachers significantly shape students' religious character as role models. Qualitative research reveals effective teaching methods impacting student development. Keywords: Islamic education, character formation, teachers' role, qualitative research, religious professionals

STOP1 regulates CCX1-mediated Ca2+ homeostasis for plant adaptation to Ca2+ deprivation.

Calcium (Ca) is essential for plant growth and stress adaptation, yet its availability is often limited in acidic soils, posing a major threat to crop production. Understanding the intricate mechanisms orchestrating plant adaptation to Ca deficiency remains elusive. Here, we show that the Ca deficiency-enhanced nuclear accumulation of the transcription factor SENSITIVE TO PROTON RHIZOTOXICITY 1 (STOP1) in Arabidopsis thaliana confers tolerance to Ca deprivation, with the global transcriptional responses triggered by Ca deprivation largely impaired in the stop1 mutant. Notably, STOP1 activates the Ca deprivation-induced expression of CATION/Ca2+ EXCHANGER 1 (CCX1) by directly binding to its promoter region, which facilitates Ca2+ efflux from endoplasmic reticulum to cytosol to maintain Ca homeostasis. Consequently, the constitutive expression of CCX1 in the stop1 mutant partially rescues the Ca deficiency phenotype by increasing Ca content in the shoots. These findings uncover the pivotal role of the STOP1-CCX1 axis in plant adaptation to low Ca, offering alternative manipulating strategies to improve plant Ca nutrition in acidic soils and extending our understanding of the multifaceted role of STOP1.

TERRA G-quadruplex stabilization behind the anti-multiple myeloma activity: Novel insights about resveratrol pleiotropic effects.

Resveratrol (RSV) is a nutraceutical compound belonging to the nonflavonoid polyphenol family, whose antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and antitumoral properties have been widely investigated. The ability of RSV to provide beneficial effects for neurological, cardiovascular, and cancer disorders rekindled the interest to explore the molecular mechanisms behind its pleiotropic effects, which are due to the modulation of coding and noncoding genes involved in many key biological pathways. With a computational approach, including docking studies and thermodynamics calculations followed by 200-ns-long molecular dynamics and a clustering analysis, we hypothesized the stabilizing binding between RSV and G4 structures of telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA), which is a tumor-suppressive long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) involved in the regulation of telomere maintenance. In vitro studies performed on cellular models of multiple myeloma (MM) strengthened our hypothesis by highlighting that the antiproliferative and apoptotic effect induced by the treatment with RSV is associated with an increase of TERRA transcript and with upregulation of telomeric heterochromatin markers, such as H3K27Me3 and H4K20Me3, and of the hallmark of apoptosis, cleaved-poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1. Our results propose innovative insights underlying the multifaceted role of RSV in MM, by pointing out the role of this natural compound in an lncRNA-mediated regulation to counteract cellular immortality.

The Multifaceted Role of Boric Acid in Nickel Electrodeposition and Electroforming

This study involved an investigation of the role of boric acid in nickel electroforming from sulfamate electrolytes, especially in relation to its ability to minimise interfacial pH changes during electrodeposition. Initial speciation calculations indicated that buffering by polyborate species and nickel-borate complexes are most likely responsible for this effect. However, the concentration of nickel-borate complexes was too low even at elevated pH to be a significant electroactive species. Polarisation and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance measurements indicated that, in the absence of boric acid, electrodeposits typically contained Ni(OH)2, while boric acid additions resulted in pure Ni being deposited with a current efficiency approaching unity. Boric acid additions substantially modified the nickel and hydrogen partial currents, and influenced the overall current efficiency. Studies in nickel-free solutions indicated that boric acid adsorbs on the surface which explains the suppression of H2O reduction observed in the electroforming experiments. Collectively, solution buffering due to polyborate and nickel-borate species and inhibition of H2O reduction by adsorbed boric acid minimised interfacial pH changes and prevented the formation of nickel hydroxide.

Enhancing Women Education for a Sustainable Environmental Development

Women represent a good proportion of any society’s Population and they have been known to have contributed in very many ways to the development and betterment of the society of most nations, notably the developed nations. In Nigeria, Women are the Primary environment mangers, extractors and the users of environmental resource, so they have close affinity with the environment. The rural women relate with nature to provide the basis for their day-to-day struggle for survival. They have an essential role to play in the development of sustainable and ecological sound consumption, Production Patterns and approaches to natural resources management. This paper focuses on strategies that will aid women to better cope with maintaining the environment in their multi-faceted roles. It is the view of this paper that, urgent attention should be given to the education of women if true and Sustainable environmental development is to be achieved. Keywords: Women Education, Sustainable Environmental Development, Consumption. Production Aims Research Journal Reference Format: Ibhafidon-Momodu, G.O. (2024): Enhancing Women Education for a Sustainable Environmental Development Advances in Multidisciplinary and Scientific Research Journal Vol. 10. No. 3. Pp 7-12 www.isteams.net/aimsjournal. dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/V10N3P12

The cellular signaling and regulatory role of protein phosphatase in tumor diagnosis: Upstream miRNAs of PTEN

Protein phosphatases have demonstrated considerable promise in the realm of early tumor diagnosis across various malignancies. These enzymes play a critical role in modulating the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, which is integral to cellular processes such as proliferation, survival, and migration. When the activity of protein phosphatases becomes abnormal, it can disrupt these essential signaling pathways, potentially leading to the initiation and progression of tumors. Consequently, monitoring for abnormal expression and activity levels of protein phosphatases could serve as a vital biomarker for early cancer detection. By identifying these alterations, clinicians may be better equipped to diagnose tumors at an earlier stage, significantly improving patient outcomes.In summary, our study highlights the multifaceted and significant role of PTEN in various forms of cancer, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCA). Further analysis showed that the expression levels of protein phosphatase and PTEN protein were significantly associated with the early diagnosis of tumors, especially in the early stage of tumors, and their detection sensitivity and specificity were high. Therefore, by detecting the expression of protein phosphatase and PTEN protein, the early diagnosis of tumor can be achieved, and the therapeutic effect and prognosis of patients can be improved.

Academic Workloads: Insights from Medical and Non-medical Lecturers’ Experience in Universiti Sains Malaysia

Academic workload is crucial for effective educational management, but measuring it is challenging due to varying field-specific demands. This study explored the components of academic workload among medical and non-medical lecturers at a Malaysian public university through a phenomenological approach. Focus group discussions (FGDs) with full-time, permanent lecturers were used to gather insights. The FGDs were moderated, audio-recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was conducted using ATLAS.ti version 7, following six steps: reading transcripts, labelling meaningful texts into codes, identifying important codes, compiling related codes into categories, labelling categories, and presenting results. Each transcript was coded by two researchers, with final themes discussed for consensus. Twenty-three lecturers from diverse fields (arts, humanities, health sciences, medicine, engineering, pure sciences, and social sciences) participated. Ten categories of academic workload were identified: teaching, research, administration, supervision, quality assurance, external activities, service, assessment, income generation, and continuous education. These were grouped into four themes: educational load (teaching, supervision, and assessment), scholarly activity load (research and external activities), academic quality load (quality assurance and continuous education), and institutional load (administration, income generation, and service). The study highlighted that academic workloads are intricately linked to the multifaceted roles of academics as educators, scholars, leaders, managers, and professionals.

Revelation the sea's secret: Seaweed's rise as a potent cosmetic ingredient

Due to their bioactive compounds with beneficial properties, seaweeds have high potential in cosmetics science and they are highly appreciated not only because of variability but due to a multitude sources. In this review, we have elaborated on the multifaceted roles of seaweed-derived ingredients used in skin and hair care formulations focusing both on their biological components as well as extraction processes resulting in therapeutic properties. Here, the effectiveness of seaweed extracts in moisturising, anti-ageing and sun protection applications are discussed as well as sustainability and suggestions for future directions. This review highlights the importance of seaweeds establishment as a natural ingredient, effective properties and expected sustainability on contemporary cosmetic formulations through state-of-art scientific evidence providing promising ways to modernizing processes in the beauty industry.

Cutting-Edge Hydrogel Technologies in Tissue Engineering and Biosensing: An Updated Review.

Hydrogels, known for their unique ability to retain large amounts of water, have emerged as pivotal materials in both tissue engineering and biosensing applications. This review provides an updated and comprehensive examination of cutting-edge hydrogel technologies and their multifaceted roles in these fields. Initially, the chemical composition and intrinsic properties of both natural and synthetic hydrogels are discussed, highlighting their biocompatibility and biodegradability. The manuscript then probes into innovative scaffold designs and fabrication techniques such as 3D printing, electrospinning, and self-assembly methods, emphasizing their applications in regenerating bone, cartilage, skin, and neural tissues. In the realm of biosensing, hydrogels' responsive nature is explored through their integration into optical, electrochemical, and piezoelectric sensors. These sensors are instrumental in medical diagnostics for glucose monitoring, pathogen detection, and biomarker identification, as well as in environmental and industrial applications like pollution and food quality monitoring. Furthermore, the review explores cross-disciplinary innovations, including the use of hydrogels in wearable devices, and hybrid systems, and their potential in personalized medicine. By addressing current challenges and future directions, this review aims to underscore the transformative impact of hydrogel technologies in advancing healthcare and industrial practices, thereby providing a vital resource for researchers and practitioners in the field.

INVESTMENT AND URBAN TOURISM INDUSTRY IN THE CITY OF CONSTANTINE

Global experiences have proven that tourism is one of the crucial economic sectors contributing significantly to the development process, owing to both material and non-material benefits it offers to host regions. Urban tourism, a contemporary type gaining momentum and support, has become increasingly popular in cities worldwide possessing essential tourism resources and attributes. This trend persists because urban tourism operates year-round, unaffected by seasonal or occasional variations. Tourism has evolved into a cornerstone of urban economies, leveraging local potentials to generate sustainable profits and bolstering economic growth. This strategic approach enables cities to assume multifaceted roles supporting development through the utilization of these capabilities. In this context, the concept of stimulating investment in Constantine's tourism sector, which encompasses all the elements necessary for urban tourism—including religious, heritage, and natural attractions—is pivotal. However, the oversight, lack of foresight, and absence of strategic development plans from local authorities have prevented this sector from fulfilling Constantine's esteemed position and potential. Consequently, this neglect has led to the squandering of a valuable economic asset that could otherwise bolster other sectors and drive the city's development. To what extent and through what means can a sustainable tourism industry be cultivated in Constantine by capitalizing on its tourism potential?

Recent Progress of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Composites for Photocatalysis.

Converting solar energy into fuels/chemicals through photochemical approaches holds significant promise for addressing global energy demands. Currently, semiconductor photocatalysis combined with redox techniques has been intensively researched in pollutant degradation and secondary energy generation owing to its dual advantages of oxidizability and reducibility; however, challenges remain, particularly with improving conversion efficiency. Since graphene's initial introduction in 2004, three-dimensional (3D) graphene-based photocatalysts have garnered considerable attention due to their exceptional properties, such as their large specific surface area, abundant pore structure, diverse surface chemistry, adjustable band gap, and high electrical conductivity. Herein, this review provides an in-depth analysis of the commonly used photocatalysts based on 3D graphene, outlining their construction strategies and recent applications in photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants, H2 evolution, and CO2 reduction. Additionally, the paper explores the multifaceted roles that 3D graphene plays in enhancing photocatalytic performance. By offering a comprehensive overview, we hope to highlight the potential of 3D graphene as an environmentally beneficial material and to inspire the development of more efficient, versatile graphene-based aerogel photocatalysts for future applications.

High-Altitude-UAV-Relayed Satellite D2D Communications for 6G IoT Network

High-altitude UAVs (HA-UAVs) have emerged as vital components in 6G communication infrastructures, providing stable relays for telecommunications services above terrestrial and aerial disturbances. This paper explores the multifaceted roles of HA-UAVs in remote sensing, data relay, and telecommunication network enhancement. A Large Language Model (LLM) framework is introduced that dynamically predicts optimal HA-UAV connectivity for IoT devices, enhancing network performance and adaptability. The study emphasizes HA-UAVs’ operational efficiency, broad coverage, and potential to transform global communications, particularly in remote and underserved areas. Our proposed satellite-HA-UAV-IoT architecture with LLM optimization demonstrated substantial improvements, including a 25% increase in network throughput (from 20 Mbps to 25 Mbps at a 20 km distance), a 40% reduction in latency (from 25 ms to 15 ms), and a 28% enhancement in energy efficiency (from 0.25 μJ/bit to 0.18 μJ/bit), significantly advancing the performance and adaptability of next-generation IoT networks. These advancements pave the way for unprecedented connectivity and set the stage for future communication technologies.

Karang Taruna's Role in Youth Empowerment Through Sports and Skill Training Programs

Background: Youth empowerment is vital for community progress, often facilitated by organizations like Karang Taruna. Specific Background: In Kalipecabean Village, Karang Taruna actively engages in youth activities, but its impact on empowerment remains unclear. Knowledge Gap: Limited studies focus on the role of Karang Taruna in this village. Aims: This study examines how Karang Taruna functions as a motivator, facilitator, and mobilizer in youth empowerment. Results: A qualitative analysis revealed that Karang Taruna conducts various activities, including sports competitions, training programs, and government collaboration, enhancing youth participation. However, challenges such as resource limitations and inconsistent engagement remain. Novelty: This study provides specific insights into Karang Taruna's multifaceted role in a village setting. Implications: Strengthening partnerships and diversifying programs could enhance the organization’s impact on community development. Highlights: Karang Taruna acts as a motivator by organizing activities to enhance youth participation. Collaboration with local government enables Karang Taruna to function effectively as a facilitator. Use of technology, like WhatsApp, assists Karang Taruna in its role as a mobilizer to engage youth in positive community activities. Keywords: Youth Empowerment, Youth Organization, Karang Taruna, Community Development, Facilitator

Desirable and disposable: Tracing the racialization of Chinese students in American higher education

This article dissects the current conjuncture facing Chinese international students in the U.S. higher education, situating their experiences within the history of Asian racialization. By examining key moments of the racialization of Chinese students in the US – 1949–1959, 2006–2017, and the period following 2018 – it illuminates how the intricate interplay of domestic racial politics and geopolitics have contributed to the paradoxical portrayal of Chinese students as both desirable and disposable within American racial capitalism. As they navigate their multifaceted roles as knowledge workers and prime consumers of educational services, these students encounter the challenges of an evolving neoliberal multiculturalism and fluctuating U.S.-China relations, placing them at the center of America’s ongoing political tensions. This exploration enhances our understanding of international student mobility, bridges discussions between critical race studies and geography of race, and introduces a fresh racial perspective to the field of education geography.