Multifaceted Domain Research Articles

Application of constructivism and cognitive flexibility theory to build a Comprehensive, Integrated, Multimodal Interprofessional Education and Practice (CIM-IPEP) program

ABSTRACT Interprofessional Education (IPE) is challenging to implement and assess due to barriers preventing interprofessional communication, inadequately defined accreditation criteria, ambiguous professional roles and responsibilities, and the inherently “ill-structured” educational construct of IPE. To address these gaps, a novel comprehensive, integrated, and multimodal interprofessional education and practice (CIM-IPEP) curriculum involving students from pharmacy, medicine, psychology, and nursing professional degree programmes was created. CIM-IPEP was carefully designed based on cognitive flexibility theory (CFT) to reinforce the complexities associated with teaching and learning for multi-faceted and dynamic domains such as IPE. CFT emphasises pluralistic representation, repetition, and cognitive layering in experiential learning for ill-structured domains. Thus, CIM-IPEP was vertically and horizontally aligned within individual colleges and included diverse IPE experiences in required courses such as Foundations of IPE, and high-fidelity simulation events, culminating in an IPE-Hotspotting elective, which exposed learners to real-world patient cases. Cases were presented in a format of increasing complexity emphasising the integration of foundational and skills-based learning using constructivist methods such as Team-Based and Case-Based Learning. CIM-IPEP offers a novel IPE model. Here we present a stepwise development and implementation blueprint for similar IPE programmes that is readily transferable to other health profession education (HPE) programmes.

Cyberbullying Roles Among Adolescents: A Social-Ecological Theory Perspective

ABSTRACT Few studies have been conducted to perform an in-depth examination of cyberbullying roles and to identify multifaceted factors associated with cyberbullying roles. Using Latent Class Analysis, the current study identified four cyberbullying roles (i.e., cyberbully, cyber victim, cyberbully victim, and noninvolved) based on the data from the 2009–2010 Health Behavior in School-Aged Children study in the United States. Multinomial logistic regressions were constructed to determine the social-ecological factors related to different cyberbullying roles. Certain individual, family, peer, and school factors were found to be associated with distinctive cyberbullying roles. There were common and unique predictors observed that distinguished cyberbullies, cyber victims, and cyberbully victims. Findings suggest the importance of considering both common and unique factors in intervention strategies targeting specific cyberbullying roles. Improving the effectiveness of cyberbullying intervention and prevention programs also requires attention to multifaceted domains and tailoring programs to the population served.

Motion verb constructions, frames, and profiling

Abstract This paper offers a frame-semantic account of some of the manifold phenomena that can be observed in motion expressions in typologically diverse languages. The core of the proposed approach is a basic locomotion frame complemented with a mechanism of profiling that operates on this frame. The locomotion frame provides a rich structure which features the pivotal elements beneficial for the semantic representation of different types of motion descriptions. The profiling mechanism allows one to select, deselect and augment elements of this frame structure, as well as to specify significant relations between distinct parts of the frame. With these means, the profiling mechanism facilitates fine-grained differentiations among motion verbs that considerably exceed the classic dichotomy of path and manner-of-motion verbs. The proposed theory is applied to different kinds of path and manner-of-motion verbs, including those typically found in path-dominant and manner-dominant languages, as well as in languages which exhibit a pronounced diversity of motion verbs lined up in serial verb constructions. The suggested frame-semantic analyses thus reveal intricate differentiations in a multifaceted linguistic domain.

Evolving Concepts of Dyslexia and Their Implications for Research and Remediation.

Aspects of dyslexia definitions are framed as a contrast between the past and the future, focusing on implications for research and remedial education, highlighting assumptions that bias or limit research or clinical practice. A crucial development is evident in understanding dyslexia, moving from its conceptualization as a discrete identifiable condition toward the realization of continuity with the general population with no clear boundaries and no qualitative differences. This conceptual evolution amounts to a transition from considering dyslexia to be some entity that causes poor reading toward considering the term dyslexia to simply label poor reading performance. This renders obsolete any searches for abnormalities and directs efforts toward understanding reading skill as a multifaceted domain following a complex multifactorial developmental course.

Guest Editorial Special Issue on AI-Based and AI-Assisted Game Design

The papers in this special section focus on game design based on artificial intelligence (AI). As researchers working with games, we are often faced with terms that either lack a definition entirely or which are contested and debated as part of their very nature. Many papers have tried and failed to define what “fun” is, from where “creativity” originates, or what “difficulty” means, for example, and many more papers in the future will try and fail to do the same. Tangling with ineffable concepts, with moving targets and nebulous ideas is all part of the joy of doing artificial intelligence (AI) research in a complex, multifaceted domain like games.

TUNER: Multifaceted Domain Adaptation for Advanced Textual Semantic Processing. First Results Available

The TUNER coordinated project (2016-2018) has focused on the development of domain adaptation technologies that reduce the cost of creating linguistic resources to develop systems in different languages and for different domains and genres. In this article we present the demonstrators, prototypes and resources that are already available project results.

How is symptom flare defined in musculoskeletal conditions: A systematic review.

To systematically review the definitions for "flare" in musculoskeletal conditions, the derivation processes, and validation of definitions for the 12 most burdensome musculoskeletal conditions. A literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, AMED, PsycInfo and Lilacs to identify studies that investigated derivation or validation of a flare definition, which we considered as a phrase or group of domains. Reports of derivation of flare definitions were identified for 9/12 musculoskeletal conditions. Validation of flare definitions was initiated for 4/12. For each condition, different derivation and validation methods have been used, with variable levels of consumer involvement, and in some cases different groups have worked on the process in parallel. Although some flare definitions began simply as "symptom worsening" or "change in treatment", most evolved into multidimensional definitions that include: pain, impact on function, joint symptoms, and emotional elements. Frequently initial attempts to create phrase to define the term flare evolved into consensus on the breadth of domains involved. Validation has compared flare definitions/domains against measures of disease activity, clinicians' diagnosis, response to drug therapy, or a combination. This review suggests that greater characterisation and definition of flares in musculoskeletal conditions are linked to the inclusion of multiple perspectives, multifaceted domains and compound comparators for their validation. Further work is required to optimise and test the derived definitions for most musculoskeletal conditions. As some elements are disease-specific, flare definitions cannot be extrapolated to other conditions. Research regarding flare in back pain (most burdensome disease) is limited.

Is the Whole Greater Than the Sum of Its Parts? Modeling the Contributions of Language Comprehension Skills to Reading Comprehension in the Upper Elementary Grades

ABSTRACTLanguage comprehension is crucial to reading. However, theoretical models and recent research raise questions about what constitutes this multifaceted domain. We present two related studies examining the dimensionality of language comprehension and relations to reading comprehension in the upper elementary grades. Studies 1 (Grade 6; N = 148) and 2 (Grade 3–5; N = 311) contrasted factor models of language comprehension using item level indicators of morphological awareness and vocabulary (Studies 1 and 2) and syntactic awareness (Study 2). In both studies, a bifactor model—including general language comprehension and specific factors for each language component—best fit the data, and general language comprehension was the strongest predictor of reading comprehension. In Study 2, the morphology-specific factor also uniquely predicted reading comprehension above and beyond general language comprehension. Results suggest the value of modeling the common proficiency underlying performance on tasks designed to tap theoretically distinct language comprehension skills.

Meta-analyses of clinical neuropsychological tests of executive dysfunction and impulsivity in alcohol use disorder

ABSTRACTBackground: Promising models for cognitive rehabilitation in alcohol treatment rest on a more nuanced understanding of the associated impairments in the multifaceted domains of executive functioning (EF) and impulsivity. Objectives: This meta-analysis examined the effects of alcohol on the individual subcomponents of EF and impulsivity in recently detoxified participants, including 1) Inhibition & Self-Regulation, 2) Flexibility & Set Shifting, 3) Planning & Problem Solving, 4) Reasoning & ion, and 5) Verbal Fluency. Impulsivity was further examined through an analysis of motor, cognitive, and decisional subcategories. Method: Investigators searched, coded, and calculated effect sizes of impairments demonstrated in a broad range of neuropsychological tests for EF. A total of 77 studies were selected covering 48 years of research with a sample size of 5140. Results: Findings ranged from a Hedges’ g effect size of 0.803 for Inhibition to a Hedges’ g of 0.359 for Verbal Fluency. Results also varied for the individual subcategories of Inhibition, including a large effect size for decisional impulsivity (g = 0.817) and cognitive impulsivity (0.860), and a moderate effect size for motor impulsivity (g = 0.529). The Hayling Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and Iowa Gambling Task were the measures most sensitive for alcohol effects. Conclusion: Planning, problem solving, and inhibitory abilities are significantly affected by alcohol abuse, with decisional and cognitive forms of impulsivity most impacted. Cognitive remediation targeting these deficits might increase the related functions that mediate the ability to moderate or abstain from alcohol, and so lead to improved treatment results.

Feminism and procedural content generation: toward a collaborative politics of computational creativity

ABSTRACTGames now inhabit a space where creativity is no longer centered around human authorship. The use of procedural content generation has been embraced by industry, academics and fans as a means for reducing labor cost, providing additional replayable content for players, investigating computational creativity in a complex and multifaceted domain and enabling new kinds of playable experiences. This incorporation of computational creative labor confuses authorship, labor politics and responsibility for rhetoric embedded in the procedures by complicating the way in which the computer is portrayed to users, researchers and other developers. We can apply feminist methodologies attentive to questions of difference and power in systemic structures in order to better understand each of these questions in turn. This article presents an analysis of the post-anthropocentric phenomenon of computer creativity within games, via a feminist analysis of procedural content generating algorithms, its role in game design and its public portrayal.

When music "flows". State and trait in musical performance, composition and listening: a systematic review.

It is not unusual to experience a sense of total absorption, concentration, action-awareness, distortion of time and intrinsic enjoyment during an activity that involves music. Indeed, it is noted that there is a special relationship between these two aspects (i.e., music and flow experience). In order to deeply explore flow in the musical domain, it is crucial to consider the complexity of the flow experience—both as a “state” and as a “trait.” Secondly, since music is a multifaceted domain, it is necessary to concentrate on specific music settings, such as (i) musical composition; (ii) listening; and (iii) musical performance. To address these issues, the current review aims to outline flow experience as a “trait” and as a “state” in the three above-mentioned musical domains. Clear and useful guidelines to distinguish between flow as a “state” and as a “trait” are provided by literature concerning flow assessment. For this purpose, three aspects of the selected studies are discussed and analyzed: (i) the characteristics of the flow assessments used; (ii) the experimental design; (iii) the results; and (iv) the interrelations between the three domains. Results showed that the dispositional approach is predominant in the above-mentioned settings, mainly regarding music performance. Several aspects concerning musical contexts still need to be deeply analyzed. Future challenges could include the role of a group level of analysis, overcoming a frequency approach toward dispositional flow, and integrating both state and dispositional flow perspectives in order to deepen comprehension of how flow takes place in musical contexts. Finally, to explain the complex relationship between these two phenomena, we suggest that music and flow could be seen as an emergent embodied system.

Perceived Behavioral Autonomy and Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms from Adolescence to Adulthood

Previous research has shown that behavioral autonomy in the personal and multifaceted domain is negatively associated with adolescent depressive symptoms. The purpose of the present study is to examine how perceived behavioral autonomy during adolescence influences the growth and change of depressive symptoms from adolescence to adulthood. Data were derived from a nationally representative sample of adolescents participating in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) when respondents were ages 11–19 in adolescence and 25–32 in adulthood. Quadratic latent growth models were used to predict change in depressive symptoms from adolescence (Waves 1 and 2) to adulthood (Waves 3 and 4) from perceived behavioral autonomy at Wave 1. Controlling for individual and family characteristics, perceived behavioral autonomy at Wave 1 predicted a lower depressive symptom intercept at Wave 1 for both males and females, White youth, and mid to late adolescents, but did not predict change in depressive symptoms over time. Findings suggest that perceived behavioral autonomy within the personal and multifaceted domain is beneficial for adolescent psychological adjustment. Results also expand our knowledge of how the effect of behavioral autonomy on depressive symptoms differs by race/ethnicity and adolescent age. Behavioral autonomy that is developmentally and culturally appropriate is discussed in order to better understand how parent–child interactions in relation to adolescents increased desire for autonomy can better foster positive adolescent psychological adjustment.

Findings from a clinical and laboratory database developed for discovery of pathogenic mechanisms in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome

Background: Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex, chronic illness that is often disabling. This paper introduces the Chronic Fatigue Initiative, which conducted a large multi-center study to more fully characterize ME/CFS and ultimately to describe and understand the underlying mechanisms and pathogenesis of this illness. Methods: A total of 203 patients with ME/CFS (cases) and 202 matched healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled from 5 geographically different expert clinical sites to create a well-characterized population linked to a national biorepository. ME/CFS subjects were compared to a one-to-one matched HC population for analyses of symptoms and illness severity. Cases were further evaluated for frequency and severity of symptoms and symptom clusters, and the effects of illness duration and acute vs. gradual onset. Results: This study collected more than 4000 pieces of data from each subject in the study. Marked impairment was demonstrated for cases vs. controls. Symptoms of fatigue were identified, but also, nearly as frequent and severe, were symptoms of cognitive dysfunction, inflammation, pain and autonomic dysfunction. Potential subgrouping strategies were suggested by these identified symptom clusters: sleep, neurocognitive, autonomic, inflammatory, neuroinflammatory, gastrointestinal and endocrine symptoms. Conclusions: Clearly, ME/CFS is not simply a state of chronic fatigue. These data indicate that fatigue severity is matched by cognitive, autonomic, pain, inflammatory and neuroinflammatory symptoms as the predominant clinical features. These findings may assist in the clarification and validation of case definitions. In addition, the data can aid clinicians in recognizing and understanding the overall illness presentation. Framing ME/CFS as a multisystem disorder may assist in developing therapies targeting the multifaceted domains of illness.

Enchanted Algorithms: How Organizations Use Algorithms to Automate Decision-Making Routines

With technological advances that have contributed to the emergence of “Big Data,” organizations increasingly try to replace routines guided by human decision-makers with decision-making routines automated by complex algorithms that draw on sophisticated mathematical expertise. This trend creates challenges for organizations since the use of these algorithms requires organizations to appropriate this complex mathematical expertise while maintaining their ability to perform routines flexibly. I seek to provide insight into this phenomenon by examining the research question, how do organizations use algorithms to automate routines? To answer this question, I study how a law enforcement organization and an expert in game theory use an algorithm to automate a decision-making routine for scheduling and deploying security resources. I find that the law enforcement organization reconciles their grounded, embedded, and pragmatic approach to the routine with the algorithmic expert’s inherently abstract, disembedded, and mathematical approach to the routine. Although prior research highlights the role of algorithms in rationalizing decision-making processes, my findings suggest that algorithms compel organizational experts to inscribe their dynamic, multi-faceted domain expertise into an “enchanted” algorithm. By offering an empirically grounded analysis of how organizations use an algorithm to automate a routine, I contribute to strategy research on the emergence of routines and capabilities, as well as research on organizational decision-making more broadly.

Autonomy, Filial Piety, and Parental Authority: A Two-Year Longitudinal Investigation

ABSTRACT A 2-year longitudinal study was conducted to test 3 causal models about adolescent autonomy, filial piety, beliefs about parental authority, and obedience in terms of personal, prudential, and multifaceted issues. Four hundred and thirty-six students from 10 junior and senior high schools in Taiwan (boys, n = 223; senior high school, n = 211) participated in the study. Hypothesis 1 predicted that autonomy (individuating autonomy vs. relating autonomy) would positively correlate with beliefs about authority legitimacy and obligation to obey, but was not supported. Hypothesis 2 predicted that filial piety (authoritarian piety vs. reciprocal piety) would positively associate with authority beliefs, and was partially supported. Authoritarian piety showed the positive relation with authority beliefs. Hypothesis 3 predicted that beliefs about authority legitimacy and obligation to obey would positively associate with obedience, and was supported. Hypothesis 4 predicted that age might moderate the structure models across domains, but the results indicated that age did not moderate the structural model in the prudential and multifaceted domains. The overall findings of this study reveal that adolescent beliefs about authority serve as a mediator between authoritarian piety and obedience, suggesting that traditional piety still has an influence on parent–child interaction in today's society.

"Understanding our online communication processes" by Munmun De Choudhury with Danielle H. Lee as coordinator

This article presents an overview of the dissertation work entitled "Analyzing the Dynamics of Communication in Online Social Networks", by Munmun De Choudhury. It was completed in 2011 at the Arizona State University, Tempe, under the supervision of Prof. Hari Sundaram. The dissertation deals with the analysis of interpersonal communication dynamics in online social networks and social media. Communication dynamics have been of interest to researchers from multi-faceted domains over the past several decades. However, today we are faced with several modern capabilities encompassing a host of social media websites. This research is geared towards developing methods, tools and frameworks towards understanding and addressing the associated challenges of making sense of the modern online communication processes. We believe that this research can make significant contribution into a better understanding of how we communicate online and how it is redefining our collective sociological behavior.

Product Variants Search and Retrieval Based on the Semantically Annotated Product Family Using Multi-Facet Domain Ontology

For the purpose of solving product variant search and retrieval problems for non-professional customers, a search and retrieval framework is proposed based on the semantically annotated product family using multi-facet domain ontology. The method of developing multi-faceted domain ontology is discussed, and the annotation model is constructed，then the methodology of search and retrieval is presented in detail. Finally, an example of a digital camera family is employed to illustrate the proposed approach.

On transfinite interpolations with respect to convex domains

We propose an approach for constructing a transfinite interpolation where the domain of definition is a convex polytope. For multifaceted domains which are not of tensor product type, it is difficult to directly generalize the usual approach of transfinite interpolation which blends opposite faces and which then substracts that by a mixed term. Therefore, we suggest a short formula which uses topologic entities of the convex domain. Our formula uses some projection operator onto the faces of the polytope. Both representations ( V -setting and H -setting) of a polytope are used. We show also that the transfinite interpolation is stable under affine transformations. As a supplement to the theoretical demonstrations, we show some interesting practical illustrations.

Visual spatial cognition in neurodegenerative disease

Visual spatial impairment is often an early symptom of neurodegenerative disease; however, this multi-faceted domain of cognition is not well-assessed by most typical dementia evaluations. Neurodegenerative diseases cause circumscribed atrophy in distinct neural networks, and accordingly, they impact visual spatial cognition in different and characteristic ways. Anatomically-focused visual spatial assessment can assist the clinician in making an early and accurate diagnosis. This article will review the literature on visual spatial cognition in neurodegenerative disease clinical syndromes, and where research is available, by neuropathologic diagnoses. Visual spatial cognition will be organized primarily according to the following schemes: bottom-up/top-down processing, dorsal/ventral stream processing, and egocentric/allocentric frames of reference.

Developmental patterns in decision-making autonomy across middle childhood and adolescence: European American parents' perspectives.

Longitudinal patterns in parents' reports of youth decision-making autonomy from ages 9 to 20 were examined in a study of 201 European American families with 2 offspring. Multilevel modeling analyses revealed that decision-making autonomy increased gradually across middle childhood and adolescence before rising sharply in late adolescence. Social domain theory was supported by analyses of 8 decision types spanning prudential, conventional, personal, and multifaceted domains. Decision making was higher for girls, youth whom parents perceived as easier to supervise, and youth with better educated parents. Firstborns and secondborns had different age-related trajectories of decision-making autonomy. Findings shed light on the developmental trajectories and family processes associated with adolescents' fundamental task of gaining autonomy.