Multidimensional View Research Articles

Smart drugs among students – multidimensional view on present ways of cognitive enhancement

Background: Nootropic drugs, at the beginning of their career, were used in the treatment of diseases such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Alzheimer's disease and narcolepsy. Nowadays, they are becoming more and more popular among students, where they are often called smart drugs or cognitive enhancers. Their properties that improve intellectual abilities and cognitive functions are used to, among other things, improve academic performance.
 Aim of the study: The purpose of this article was to summarize the current state of knowledge relating to the use of smart drugs among students. This study discusses the multidimensional issues of using this group of drugs.
 Material and methods: A cross-sectional search of relevant literature was performed in databases using accepted wording. Publications from 2003-2023 were included. The entire process has been supplemented with additional procedures to increase the reliability of this publication.
 Results: In most sources, the most common representative of smart drugs turned out to be methylphenidate. Nootropics were most often obtained by obtaining a prescription from a doctor, online trading or from friends. The factors motivating the use of substances from this group are primarily the desire to improve academic results, competitiveness and the number of obligations at the university. There are many risks associated with their use, but students are more aware of the positive effects.
 Conclusion: This paper presents various dimensions of the progressive spread of nootropic drugs. In addition to their undeniably positive effects, there are many risks, which are discussed in this article. Students' awareness should be formed through appropriate educational methods.

Multidimensional view of magical realism in Russian literature

The 20th century witnessed cultural and social changes of immense proportions. Magical realism appeared in literature at the beginning of the century, which is pivotal in world history. This art movement swiftly extended beyond a regional phenomenon and developed into a significant symbol of global artistic expression. The fusion of the banal facets of daily life with fictional elements engenders a world that is simultaneously recognizable and foreign, leading the reader on a voyage. This element is considered crucial to facilitate progress towards universality. Russian literature uses magical realism and integrates its distinct cultural codes and historical context to produce a unique interpretation within the field. The groundwork of Russian magical realism rests upon the intricate psychological studies of Fyodor Dostoyevsky, the fantastical realism of Mikhail Bulgakov, and the absurdist storytelling of Nikolai Gogol. Magical realism has a history spanning over a century and has influenced various fields, including literature, cinema, painting, and philosophy. The contributions of Russian literature enhance the universality and profundity of this genre. Moreover, this wide reach facilitates a variety of viewpoints and understandings of magical realism to surface. This study examines the manifestation of magical realism in Russian literature along with its differing viewpoints. It also aims to explain the place of Russian magical realism in universal culture, which has yet to be clearly established in a historical context. This will be achieved by examining the origins of 19th century magical realism and its subsequent associations with various genres.

A multidimensional view of fear of missing out as a mediator between the need to belong and problematic smartphone use

Previous research has supported a multidimensional structure to conceptualize the fear of missing out. The present study investigates how does FOMO, conceptualized using a two-factor structure, mediate the relationship between the need to belong and problematic smartphone use. Malaysian undergraduates (N = 149) aged between 18 and 25 years old completed questionnaires on the need to belong, fear of missing out components, and problematic smartphone use. Confirmatory factor analysis assessed the validity of the two-factor fear of missing out structure, and a structural model was developed. The findings supported the applicability of the two-factor structure. Next, findings revealed that the need to belong positively predicted one's fears about missing out on rewarding experiences, followed by predicting one's ruminative thoughts about missing out and control strategies to avoid missing out, thus influencing the decision to avoid missing out. However, having a higher need to belong, stronger fears about missing out on rewarding experiences, and a stronger decision to avoid missing out did not predict problematic smartphone use. Future studies should consider investigating the intermediary role of FOMO using a multidimensional conceptualization to explain problematic smartphone use, and consider objective smartphone use measures when assessing smartphone use behaviors.

Research on the practice of teaching mode on the courses about Chinese national conditions and culture for international students in China

For international students in China, education on Chinese national conditions and culture is the main way to help them understand China and shape their positive perception of China and to strengthen China's international communication capacity and enhance the strategic task of national soft power. However, current courses on Chinese national conditions and culture for international students have been found several limitations, such as lack of ideological and political value guidance, being limited to classroom teaching and insufficient integration of the courses. Therefore, this article aims to build a "Four-in-One" teaching approach which can integrate online and offline education to coordinate dynamic and static education, and incorporate theory and practice teaching to combine in-class and out-of-class teaching. Therefore, it's hoped that this will help achieve the goal of talent training for international students in China and improve the quality of international education. Concurrently, it will improve our ability to engage in international communication so as to tell China's stories well, make the voice of China heard, and present a true, multi-dimensional, and panoramic view of China to the world.

Understanding Variation in Health Care Quality Experiences of Three Stakeholders: Patients and Kin, Professionals, and Hospitals

Summary As quality of care increasingly becomes a strategic topic for hospitals, understanding variation between stakeholders’ experiences is essential. A framework can be used by managers, researchers, and policy makers to account for these variations and set priorities to ensure an environment of trust among all stakeholders — including patients and kin. To measure perceptions of quality from a multidimensional view, researchers at the Leuven Institute for Healthcare Policy established four objectives. The first was to explore whether patients and kin (collectively), and professionals experience quality as a multidimensional concept. The second was to examine the between-stakeholder variation across health care quality experiences of patients/kin and professionals. The third was to examine between-hospital variation in health care quality experiences among the 19 hospitals studied. The fourth was to set quality priorities for hospital management and policy makers based on multistakeholder and multicenter data. To collect information, researchers used the Flanders Quality Model (FlaQuM)-Quickscan tool, which is a two-part instrument that measures quality from a multidimensional view. It includes a series of statements on health care quality for patients and kin (part 1) and a corresponding series of statements on health care quality for professionals (part 2), each consisting of 15 quality domains and three global ratings; all respondents were required to address both parts 1 and 2. To explore whether quality is experienced as a multidimensional concept, intraindividual variation was examined by analyzing stakeholders’ differences between minimum and maximum scores on the instrument domains. Between-stakeholder variation was examined by evaluating differences in mean scores of the two stakeholder groups on the quality domains using unpaired t-tests. Between-hospital variation was examined by evaluating differences in hospitals’ mean scores on the quality domains using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). In total, 14,977 respondents (6,590 patients/kin and 8,387 professionals) completed the FlaQuM-Quickscan during the study period between May 2021 and June 2022. Respondents used a Likert scale, where 0 is full disagreement with the statement and 10 is full agreement. Analyses revealed important intraindividual variation in experiences of respondents across quality domains. Researchers also observed that patients/kin scored all domains (in parts 1 and 2) significantly higher than professionals, except for the Equity domain in part 2. Significant between-hospital variation in the mean scores was observed for all domains. Of note, by combining the correlation of the overall quality scores with the quality domains, the difference in mean scores on domains, and the variation between hospitals’ mean scores, priorities can be identified. Overall, researchers found that patients/kin and professionals do experience quality as a multidimensional concept. The multidimensional priorities identified based on the FlaQuM-Quickscan results indicate the need for future multifaceted quality strategies at the meso and macro levels that can have an impact at the patient care level. Hospital management and policy makers need to support the integration between executive/management-level and frontline-level initiatives.

Future MEDIC: Medical Student–Led Healthcare Career Exploration Program for Underserved Middle School Students

Future Medical Education and Development Introductory Course (Future MEDIC) is a medical student–led school program designed to inspire primary school students in underserved communities by sharing a passion for medicine and healthcare careers. Through hands-on activities—including physical examination workshops, an on-site airport introduction to flight medicine, and interactive demonstrations with a patient simulator—26 eighth-grade students were empowered to actively explore the world of healthcare. To assess the impact of Future MEDIC on students’ knowledge and interest in healthcare careers, we administered pre- and post-surveys, informal exit interviews, and participation prizes. Survey responses were analyzed with a Mann Whitney U test for significance. There was a significant increase (p = 0.01) from pre- to post-survey about “I enjoy learning about how the body works.” Yet there was also a significant decrease (p = 0.03) from pre- to post-survey about “In the future, I am interested in working in healthcare or medicine.” Despite enjoying the activities and content of the Future MEDIC program, students did not have an increased interest in entering the healthcare field. Although interest in entering the healthcare field was not increased, Future MEDIC was a rewarding and fun experience for students to partake in, and an opportunity to create a multidimensional view of the healthcare field.

A perspective for identifying intersections among the social, engineering, and geosciences to address water crises

Reliable access to safe water is essential for health, wellbeing, and the livelihoods of people. However, water security innovations benefit when engineering and geoscience decisions consider systemic human, social, and organizational realities, needs, and goals. Indeed, true innovation that leads to water security requires intensively inclusive and iterative processes to occur at multiple scales of analysis across diverse sciences—for this, expertise and knowledge across the varied sciences is essential to facilitate such convergent, transdisciplinary research. Here, we articulate our perspective for identifying points of intersection and working across disciplinary boundaries to address water crises. Our perspective takes a multidimensional view of community, organization, family, and individual resilience in the face of natural and human hazards. It builds upon previous models of cumulative water related risk by nuancing the relationships amongst levels of analysis, and expanding the idea of cumulative impacts to include interactive impacts (e.g., buffering, enhancing, effects and other moderators), mediated effects (i.e., mechanisms of impact), as well as additive and suppressive linkages amongst risk and protective factors.

Job quality and precarious employment among lesbian, gay, and bisexual workers: A national study

BackgroundEmployment outcomes among sexual minority (i.e., lesbian, gay, bisexual) workers are poorly understood, and previous research on this topic has focused almost exclusively on inequities in earnings, neglecting other important dimensions of job quality. We address this gap by describing and comparing the job quality of straight and sexual minority workers in Canada. MethodsData are from the 2016 General Social Survey: Canadians at Work and Home, the only national survey providing both a measure of sexual orientation and a multidimensional view of job quality in Canada. We identified 25 unique job quality indicators (e.g., temporary employment; job insecurity; health benefits; low income; job satisfaction; job control; discrimination). Latent class cluster analysis was used to establish a typology of job quality describing standard, flexible, and precarious employment types. We used multivariable regression methods to examine the association between sexual orientation and job quality. ResultsSexual minorities reported lower job quality than their straight counterparts along many dimensions, with bisexual people reporting the lowest job quality. While inequities were generally observed among both sexual minority men and women, they sometimes differed in magnitude by gender. The prevalence of precarious employment was nearly three times higher among lesbian, gay, and bisexual workers (PR: 2.94, CI: 1.89–4.58 among all sexual minorities; PR: 3.04, CI: 1.71–5.43 among gay/lesbian workers; and PR: 2.81, CI: 1.45–5.47 among bisexual workers) compared to their straight counterparts. ConclusionInequities in job quality among sexual minorities persist despite comprehensive human rights protections in Canada. These inequities are pervasive, extending well beyond conventional indicators such as dollars earned and hours worked. Multi-pronged interventions are needed that move beyond simply ensuring that sexual minority workers are employed. Sexual minority workers deserve access to secure, well-paid work with benefits where they can foster connection and be free from discrimination.

The interdependence of happiness and filial piety within the family: a study in Vietnam.

Filial piety is one of the most important values in Vietnam, as it is in a number of East Asian countries. It is an expression of children's respect, gratitude, and care for their parents. While filial piety may bring joy to parents and is a personal duty for offspring, it can also be a pressure for children. Hence, in recent years, some studies have considered filial piety as two dimensions instead of one dimension.Participants And Procedure This study focused on clarifying the relationship between filial piety and perceived family happiness with 385 adult offspring who lived in Vietnam at the time of the study. The Dual Filial Piety Scale (DFPS) and the Interdependent Happiness Scale (IHS) were used. The results showed that participants regularly engaged in aspects of filial piety and there was no contradiction between authoritarian filial piety (AFP) and reciprocal filial piety (RFP). Filial piety can predict family happiness at a fairly high level. These results, besides showing the importance and value to the family, also give a multi-dimensional and comprehensive view of filial piety. At the social level, upholding the value of filial piety is the basis for building family happiness as well as making an important contribution to the implementation of social security in the family.

Politics Matters for Life Satisfaction of Mainland Chinese Spouses in Taiwan

This study examined how politics, along with familial and socioeconomic factors, influence the life satisfaction of marriage migrants in Taiwan. We conducted a social survey in Taiwan and offered a multidimensional and dynamic view on adaptation and life satisfaction among them. The results showed that in Taiwan, family relationships and socioeconomic class were significant factors of life satisfaction among mainland Chinese marriage migrants. A high level of social integration was positively related to life satisfaction, while the prejudice faced from neighbors, rather than from the media, was negatively related. Regarding political factors, political disagreement with their Taiwanese partners undermined life satisfaction among spouses from mainland China. However, those who possessed a dual identity (i.e., both Chinese and Taiwanese) and those who viewed mainland China and Taiwan as two separate entities tended to have high levels of life satisfaction.

Understanding the Developments in the Business Perspective of Cloud Computing

Research on cloud computing (CC) has gained a lot of momentum owing to its massive adoption. It has moved beyond the exploration of inherent capabilities to understand its disruptiveness and transformative value. In this vein, the authors conducted a comparative literature review of 101 articles to better understand the developments from previous reviews. This article serves as a replication study to evaluate the growth of the business perspective of CC. The authors identify 126 factors guiding the characteristics, adoption, governance, and business impact of the cloud. Further, they employ a rigorous analysis that situates our review at the intersection of these factors and applies a multidimensional scaling technique. The developed matrix (a) helps to clarify the current state of research, (b) identifies research gaps, and (c) identifies potential further research avenues. Unlike previous reviews, this developed multidimensional view of each article uncovers numerous perspectives that can guide future research.

What is in your résumé? The effects of multiple social categories in résumé screening

PurposeNumerous studies have shown that minority workers are disadvantaged in the labour market due to stereotypes and discrimination. However, published research on résumé screening has overlooked the effects of multiple social categorisations pertaining to candidates' gender, education and origin. This study addresses this gap and examines whether the gender, the level of education and the national origin cues mentioned in the résumé affect the perceived employability of candidates.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs an experimental between-subjects factorial design in that 12 résumés varying in gender, education and national origin were rated by 373 Portuguese working adults.FindingsThe results documented a gender premium as women were favoured in interpersonal and job skills but not in job suitability, and an education premium, since higher educated candidates were preferred despite their gender and origin. No meaningful interactions for gender × education × national origin were observed, which suggests that ingroup favouritism and outgroup discrimination in résumé screening can be averted.Originality/valueThe findings endorse a multidimensional view of perceived employability by investigating candidates' skills and job suitability from the viewpoint of the decision-makers, which extends our understanding of résumé-screening discrimination. This is critical to prevent hiring discrimination at an earlier career stage, which can increase youth employment and enhance the integration in the labour market of local minorities such as women, inexperienced workers and second-generation immigrants.

Snapshot for Power Grids IoT: Adaptive Measurement for Resilience Intelligent Internet of Things

With the wide application of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in the power grids, the sophisticated feedback on their operating status is of great significance for improving efficiency and reducing accidents. For exquisite management of the resilient intelligent IoT with flexible increase and decrease of devices and heterogeneous operating systems, this paper proposes an adaptive measurement method ’MRAM’, which can snapshot the multidimensional resource view (MRV) of all devices in the jurisdiction. Extensible gateway platform based on CPU, FPGA and cloud computing is applied in MRAM, which liberates the local resources of monitored IoT devices. MRAM improves the LSTM algorithm called ELSTM. ELSTM can accommodate the current IoT devices’ state for detecting the mutation of MRV. The newly collected resources determined by ELSTM whether MRAM enters an abnormal state to drive the adaptive measurement state machine. According to the state machine which endeavors that the MRV is updated timely, MRAM adjusts the measurement granularity in real time. Simulations and experiments have tested the convergence time and occupied bandwidth of MRAM deployed in power grids. These evaluations confirmed MRAM’s practicality and robustness, as well as the MRV is genuine management data for the upper-layer power grids applications. A real environment is built to test the performance of this method as well. MRAM has high measurement accuracy and the precision of mutation detection is 98.41%. It converges the update MRV of second level under the condition of IoT devices and the cloud’s low consumption of memory and CPU utilization.

Towards renewable energy projects under sustainable watersheds principles for forest biomass supply

The transition in the global energy matrix to sources of renewable electric generation has been the main demand of countries in the face of a state of climatic emergency. Forest biomass is a potential alternative to meet the growing demand. The expansion of thermoelectric projects based on forest residues highlights the need to assess raw materials' availability and land suitability. This is usually a problem of spatial decision and geographic intelligence under a holistic perspective since, in planning these projects, it is essential to understand the economic, environmental, and social feasibility. In this article, we propose a decision support system based on multi-criteria modeling on a GIS structure associated with a mathematical optimization model for zoning the suitability and availability of land for constructing thermoelectric power plants. The geospatial model for determining priority sites integrated various environmental, social, and economic criteria and constraints. The AHP method was used to weigh and estimate the relative importance weights of the criteria for modeling territorial aptitude. The results of the GIS stage formed the basis of a mixed-integer linear programming model that incorporated technical and economic aspects for a better allocation of financial resources. The minimized cost function included transport costs, harvesting, forestry, purchasing land/leasing land/forest outgrower schemes, and purchasing wood from the market to supply the biomass. We used a sizeable hydrographic basin in southeastern Brazil as a case study for the demonstration. The mapping of suitability and constrained zones identified the classes of preference and availability of land. The proposed mathematical model recognized sets of supply locations (new plantations or existing areas) and minimized the project's final cost to supply biomass to meet the demand of potential thermoelectric plants that are candidates for implementation. Despite the problem's large scale and the large data set, our findings indicated that we could provide a broad and multidimensional view of the potential of developing electrical generation systems based on forest biomass. The methodology and the model proposed in this study can be replicated in other global regions and modified to assess other resources from different biomasses and bioenergy systems. Our study promotes the UN's sustainable development goals, particularly SDG 7 (Affordable and clean energy) and SDG 13 (Climate Action).

LEADING IN THE DIGITAL AGE: CONCEPTUALISING DIGITAL LEADERSHIP AND ITS INFLUENCE ON SERVICE INNOVATION PERFORMANCE

Although firms rely on employees’ innovative work behaviour and effective leadership to achieve service innovation performance, these relations remain underexplored, especially regarding digital leadership. We conceptualise a digital leader’s capabilities and explore influences on innovative work behaviour and service innovation performance, using the dynamic capabilities view as a theoretical lens. Applying a multi-method exploratory research design, our qualitative results, based on 34 expert interviews, deliver a taxonomy of digital leadership capabilities along three dimensions. With 249 survey participants, we quantitatively tested dimensional influences individually (multidimensional view) and collectively (unidimensional view) using structural equation modelling. In line with our mediation results, both views are significantly positively related to innovative work behaviour; still, only the unidimensional view significantly influences service innovation performance. Our results underpin the comprehensive character of digital leadership capabilities contributing to innovation research with a new “antecedal” perspective. We also provide practical relevance by revealing innovation-effective leadership capabilities.

Putting the Worker Age Front and Center: A Multidimensional and Nuanced View of Age in Organizations

Putting the Worker Age Front and Center: A Multidimensional and Nuanced View of Age in Organizations

Proposal of nursing diagnosis "adult disuse syndrome": A conceptual derivation and integrative review.

To develop a nursing diagnosis proposal derived from the concept of "disuse syndrome" based on an integrative review. The conceptual derivation technique, proposed by Walker and Avant, was used in the following phases: an integrative review of the literature was carried out, applying the parameters of Whitermore and Knalf, where 43 articles were selected that covered the existence of the concept in the nursing discipline and other health sciences, the concepts were subsequently analyzed, and the new concept was redefined following the middle-range theory of causality and validation of nursing diagnoses proposed by Oliveira-Lopes etal. The proposal of the new nursing diagnosis was developed, including the following elements: diagnostic label adult disuse syndrome, the corresponding definition, 25 defining characteristics, eight related factors, eight risk populations, and 14 associated problems. The concept of the proposed new diagnosis describes adult disuse syndrome as a phenomenon that transcends the physiological component and should be viewed from a multidimensional view, expressing a clinical judgment related to a series of nursing diagnoses that appear together. The results of this study will help nursing professionals to identify the phenomenon of adult disuse syndrome in any setting and in turn guide optimal care interventions that decrease the consequences of adult disuse syndrome.

Implementing and assessing a performance framework for the innovation measurement in a European manufacturer

PurposePerformance framework (PF) is a well-established practice to measure innovation performance and identify improvement opportunities. However, whether PFs academic research are applicable to companies remains unclear, as well as their support in the definition of improvement actions. This study aims to present the implementation and assessment of a new and updated PF proposed in previous research in a real industrial context.Design/methodology/approachThe PF was implemented through an in-depth case study carried out in a European machinery manufacturer and further assessed by practitioners.FindingsThe results indicate that the PF enabled the creation of a multidimensional view of the innovation performance and the definition of improvement projects in the company. Additionally, the findings also reveal an overall positive assessment of the PF by senior managers who work with the innovation process.Research limitations/implicationsAs a case study, this research is inherently limited in the extent to which results can be generalised. Thus, the analyses are reductive and rationalising. Future research is needed to assess the replicability of the PF.Practical implicationsThe study's practical contribution is based on the combination of insights and steps that provide a straightforward and actionable approach for the company to improve performance.Originality/valueThis study aims to advance the importance of implementing the new and updated PF after its proposition, which is often overlooked in preceding research. Furthermore, the assessment of the PF also enables to infer its value to the company's employees.

Apple Grading Based on Multi-Dimensional View Processing and Deep Learning.

This research proposes an apple quality grading approach based on multi-dimensional view information processing using YOLOv5s network as the framework to rapidly and accurately perform the apple quality grading task. The Retinex algorithm is employed initially to finish picture improvement. Then, the YOLOv5s model, which is improved by adding ODConv dynamic convolution and GSConv convolution and VoVGSCSP lightweight backbone, is used to simultaneously complete the detection of apple surface defects and the identification and screening of fruit stem information, retaining only the side information of the apple multi-view. After that, the YOLOv5s network model-based approach for assessing apple quality is then developed. The introduction of the Swin Transformer module to the Resnet18 backbone increases the grading accuracy and brings the judgment closer to the global optimal solution. In this study, datasets were made using a total of 1244 apple images, each containing 8 to 10 apples. Training sets and test sets were randomly created and divided into 3:1. The experimental results demonstrated that in the multi-dimensional view information processing, the recognition accuracy of the designed fruit stem and surface defect recognition model reached 96.56% after 150 iteration training, the loss function value decreased to 0.03, the model parameter was only 6.78 M, and the detection rate was 32 frames/s. After 150 iteration training, the average grading accuracy of the quality grading model reached 94.46%, the loss function value decreased to 0.05, and the model parameter was only 3.78 M. The test findings indicate that the proposed strategy has a good application prospect in the apple grading task.

The Pedestrian Network Concept: A Systematic Literature Review

The design of urban spaces that foster sustainable practices requires new analytical and structural approaches to spatial planning. An appropriate pedestrian network could significantly contribute to sustainable urban development goals, particularly by promoting sustainable mobility and pedestrian friendliness. With such goals, several attempts have been made to develop suitable models for pedestrian networks. However, something that is missing from the current literature is a framework that incorporates the main findings of the various studies as an integrated concise concept of the pedestrian network. To address this knowledge gap, this paper reviews studies on pedestrian networks and evaluates this concept based on the systematic 3W1H analysis method, which asks where, what, who, and how. In essence, the following questions are thus analyzed: Where is the pedestrian network located, What criteria play a role in the pedestrian network's performance, Who uses the pedestrian network, and How can the pedestrian network be analyzed? In this context, a systematic literature review is carried out by investigating studies conducted during the period 2001 to 2023 that appear in the Scopus database. The paper presents the results of the review of a selection of 67 papers dealing with pedestrian networks. Findings show that different models have been developed based on particular characteristics. Overall, researchers aimed to identify the most suitable network based on specific criteria for optimizing the walking experience in urban areas. By synthesizing the findings reported in these papers, this paper arguably contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of pedestrian networks, provides insights into the prioritization of design phases, facilitates the use of pedestrian network assessment models for future research, and creates a bigger picture for urban planners with a multidimensional view to a new sustainable urban structure.