Multidimensional Relationships Research Articles

The Multidimensional Relationship between PWV, ABI and Body Composition in Obesity Middle Aged Women

The Multidimensional Relationship between PWV, ABI and Body Composition in Obesity Middle Aged Women

Water, health and well-being, and tourism: analysis of a triangular relationship in Portugal

ABSTRACT The relationship between water, health, and well-being has been a topic of interest since ancient times. When combined with tourism, the term health and well-being tourism is often applied, but this relationship is more complex. Water in its various forms, such as oceans, seas, rivers, and reservoirs, provides a basis for activities that positively impact human physical and mental health. This concept of blue tourism emerged, aiming to assess whether people's relationship with water and its impacts on their health and well-being constitute tourist attraction factors and if these can be monetised through the development of blue spaces. A survey was conducted, obtaining 2930 valid responses, to assess the relationship between proximity and contact with water and the health and well-being of individuals. The data collected revealed that the presence of water in visited areas influences the type of activities undertaken, and there is a strong conviction that blue spaces positively impact health and mental well-being. This empirical study reinforces the theoretical construction around blue tourism and blue space, providing information for planning and developing tourism in blue spaces based on this intense, multidimensional relationship between water, health, and well-being.

Surging currents: a systematic review of the literature on dynamic stakeholder engagements in higher education in the generative artificial intelligence era

ABSTRACT As Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) rapidly integrates into higher education, a critical question arises: should we focus on the technology’s potential or the essential role of stakeholders? While GAI offers transformative possibilities, its success hinges on students, educators, administrators, and policymakers. This study examines the structure of these stakeholders and the patterns of relationships between them. Utilizing a systematic literature review, we screened 224 studies and selected 38 key articles to construct a hierarchical framework illustrating the complex interactions among stakeholders. The research reveals the prominence of educators, students, and administrators while reflecting the increasing attention to technology vendors and government agencies. Interactions among stakeholders primarily fall into four patterns: cooperation, control and guidance, support and dependency, as well as competition and conflict. Although existing research extensively discusses GAI’s potential, this study argues that in-depth analyses of stakeholder roles and relationships are lacking, particularly given real-world complexities. Future research should explore these multidimensional relationships to promote responsible and effective GAI use in education.

The multidimensional relationship between renewable energy deployment and carbon dioxide emissions in high-income nations

Cross-national research has found that the decarbonization effect of renewable energy development is relatively weak in high-income nations. It is crucial to identify effective points of intervention to enhance renewables’ decarbonization effect. Using a multidimensional analytical framework, this study examines whether certain structural components of high-income nations’ CO2 emissions are particularly susceptible to barriers to decarbonization and therefore are less effectively mitigated by renewable energy development. Analyzing a panel dataset covering 33 high-income nations from 1996 to 2019, I identify a pattern of uneven decarbonization. Renewable energy development has mitigated production-based emissions with increasing effectiveness over time; however, the mitigation effect has been largely confined to emissions from domestic-oriented supply chain activities. Meanwhile, renewables’ inability to mitigate emissions embodied in exports and direct end-user emissions has largely persisted over time. Additionally, developing renewable energy has not spurred growth in emissions in imports, indicating that it has not intensified carbon leakage.

A Short Note for Hypersoft Rough Graphs

Graph theory, a branch of mathematics, explores relationships among entities using vertices and edges. To address the uncertainties inherent in real-world networks, Uncertain Graph Theory has emerged as a significant extension within this field. Hypersoft Graphs advance traditional graphs further by incorporating multi-attribute nodes, allowing each node to represent multiple attribute values, thus capturing more complex, multi-dimensional relationships. The Soft Rough Set and Soft Rough Graph combine the principles of Soft Sets and Rough Sets to manage uncertainty in a more refined manner. In this paper, we introduce the Hypersoft Rough Graph and analyze its relationships with other graph classes.

Breaking dimensional barriers in hyperspectral target detection: Atrous convolution with Gramian Angular field representations

Hyperspectral images contain extensive spectral bands with rich spectral information that reflects object properties. Leveraging state-of-the-art deep learning techniques has proven to be effective in hyperspectral target detection. However, compared to two-dimensional matrix data, the one-dimensional nature of spectral sequence limits the information that can be extracted, posing a challenge for deep learning-based hyperspectral target detection methodologies. To address this issue, a novel hyperspectral target detection method employing atrous convolution with gramian angular field representations is proposed in this paper. This approach breaks the barrier between one-dimensional vector and two-dimensional matrix by gramian angular field, transforming the spectral sequences from one-dimensional vectors into two-dimensional matrices, enabling the exploration of multidimensional relationships within spectral band relations through an atrous convolution-based spectral feature extraction network. The proposed model transcends the traditional one-dimensional spectral target detection limitations, offering a new perspective for spectral-based hyperspectral target detection. Experimental results on four real-world hyperspectral datasets demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods in detection performance, showcasing its potential for advancing hyperspectral target detection.

Plasmodial slime moulds (myxomycetes) in Swedish and Nordic folk biology

BackgroundFolk biology commonly contains knowledge of many more taxa than those of immediate economic importance. Species with little or no practical use are, however, often overlooked by ethnobiological research. An example are a few Myxomycetes taxa which played an important role in the folk biology and beliefs of pre-industrial Sweden and adjacent Nordic countries, Denmark, Norway and Finland. Such organisms are not of less interest for the understanding of human-biota relationships; local knowledge about the entire biota in a given environment should therefore be studied to comprehend the full range of folk biology.MethodologyThis qualitative study analyses and reviews historical data available in archives and published ethnographic collections as well as scattered and fragmentary notes in the literature using a historical ethnobiological approach.ResultsPeasants in the Nordic countries recognized three taxa of myxomycetes. Scrambled egg slime, Fuligo septica (L.) F.H.Wigg., in particular attracted interest and is known by many local folk names. This slime had no practical value or use, yet it was well known in folk biology and associated with a supernatural malevolent being which in the shape of a hare or cat stole milk or butter on behalf of a witch. The belief in evil origins of slime became the cause of violent actions such as whipping and burning of the organism. Two other taxa, Lycogala epidendron (L.) Fr. and Mucilago crustacea F.H.Wigg., have also been observed in folk biology, but data on how they were perceived and treated is sparse.ConclusionsThe sudden appearance of strange shapes and clear colours of myxomycetes in damp weather created both fear and curiosity; these odd organisms required explanations, interpretations and actions. Our example of the economically irrelevant myxomycetes in Sweden and nearby Nordic countries indicates that interpretations in pre-industrial societies of natural phenomena and various organisms, connections with beliefs and perceptions about the surrounding environment and the possible consequent actions should be studied alongside economic plants and animals in ethnobiological research, for a deeper understanding about folk biology and the multilayered and multidimensional relationships between humans and biota.

THE LIMITATIONS FACED BY GEORGIA IN TERMS OF GEOPOLITICAL OPTIONS

The recent intensified challenges to Georgia’s democratic development, which since the fall of the Soviet Union has been recognized as a democratic beacon among post-Soviet states in Caucasus area for its’ continued path towards Euro-Atlantic integration, have in fact revealed to an unprecedented degree, the extreme lack of real geopolitical choices. The story seems as simple as never before, with either an option to enter and embrace the Russian domination zone, or to seize the absolutely unique opportunities for unprecedented rapprochement with the EU and realistic prospects for accession to the European Institutions, as well as for enhancing the multidimensional relationship perspectives already established with the United States, opportunities which, along with other factors, have emerged decisively due to the ongoing Russian-Ukrainian War. Our academic inquiry also examines the erosion of the concept of neutrality, as well as the Realpolitik discourse.

Determination of functional relationships between calciuria and plasma calcium metabolism indices

In the presented work, the authors propose to use for the differential diagnosis of factors contributing to calciuria in personal observations the method of visualization of multidimensional relationships using a panel of ratios of laboratory parameters of water-electrolyte metabolism. The calculation of the ratio panel included plasma values: HCT (hematocrit), MSNS (hemoglobin concentration in erythrocyte), Na (sodium), K (potassium), Caобщ (total calcium), Cl (chlorides), F (phosphates), Kr (creatinine), Ur (urea). Along with these parameters, the following plasma parameters were determined: B-CrossLaps (osteolysis index), TP1NP (osteosynthesis index), VitD, parathyroid hormone, as well as urine pH and calcium. The results obtained, according to the authors, demonstrate the informativeness of the proposed method, which makes it possible to identify the leading complexes of bonds associated with calciuria in individual observations. At the same time, these complexes can differ significantly in their structure in different patients, finding their description in literary sources, thereby demonstrating their differential significance. The authors note that the different “images” of the connections accompanying calciuria established in this study do not exhaust all possible variants of the connections of laboratory parameters associated with the dynamics of calciuria, but as additional laboratory data of patients with various pathologies accumulate, the base of the general array can be significantly expanded. Based on the results obtained and their analysis, the authors conclude that the proposed approach is promising to use in the expert assessment of laboratory parameters as an auxiliary method in analyzing the obtained laboratory data in supporting decision-making and determining the goals of pharmacological correction of calcium metabolism disorders.

“Longing to be cared about and cared for” Exploring Experiences of Trauma Therapy and Views on Future Trauma Therapy (Including Digital) for Young People in Rural Northern Sweden

IntroductionYoung people in rural areas face challenges related to their living conditions, and unequal access to physical and mental healthcare. Despite the high prevalence of trauma exposure among young people, there is a significant lack of evidence-based treatment that is tailored to the needs of young people in rural parts of Northern Sweden. Barriers to accessing treatment include the need to travel long distances to access services, and a lack of educated, culturally competent therapists. Accordingly, this article aims to explore how young trauma patients in rural areas have experienced their trauma therapy, and their views on future trauma therapy (including digital forms). This knowledge will be used to develop trauma therapy that is adapted to the needs of young patients in rural areas in Sweden. MethodThe study included young trauma patients in rural areas in Northern Sweden between the ages of 15 and 21 (n = 14). Qualitative individual semi-structured interviews were performed and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. ResultsThe analysis resulted in one overarching theme, “Longing to be cared about and cared for,” and three themes: 1. “Rural circumstances matter,” 2. “Feeling understood and empowered”, and 3. “Ambivalence regarding digital trauma therapy”. The results show that rural contexts present both possibilities and challenges: new creative care landscapes are needed where young people are cared about and cared for (and with), including a deeper understanding of the multidimensional relationship between people, places, and care. ConclusionYoung trauma patients in rural areas want effective therapy with more knowledge and cultural sensitivity. The findings indicate that digital trauma therapy offers many benefits and reduces barriers. However, young people want future therapy to be provided both digitally and in person, and –importantly – individually adapted.

An ecological niche model that considers local relationships among variables: The Environmental String Model

AbstractMany methods have been proposed to model the spatial distribution of a species. While some methods have been specifically designed for this purpose, others are well‐known statistical tools that can be used in many scientific fields. In this paper, I propose a new ecological niche model, called the Environmental String Model (ESM), that is based on the concept of environmental string, which is defined as being a combination of environmental variables, with as many nodes as environmental variables. There are two types of environmental strings: (1) the abundance‐known string and (2) the abundance‐unknown string (or target string) for which an estimation of abundance is searched. The novelty of the model is that it assesses the abundance associated with a target string from nearby abundance‐known strings, which preserve the local multidimensional relationships with the target string. The model does not provide an abundance estimate in the absence of data from a similar environment and it can therefore deal with truncated spatial distributions or niches. It is tested in the North Atlantic Ocean on two key copepod species, Calanus finmarchicus and Calanus helgolandicus, which have been monitored by the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) survey for decades. I investigate the influence of variables on model performance. I show that the model reconstructs the mean spatial distribution and seasonal fluctuations in both Calanus well. When compared with generalized linear models (GLMs), generalized additive models (GAMs) and generalized regression neural network (GRNN), the ESM gives the best performance. I propose a number of indicators to evaluate the robustness of estimated abundance in space and time and show how the model may be extended to presence/absence or presence‐only data. I think that the ESM could be used to fill gaps in any sampling program such as the CPR survey and many satellite databases (e.g., ocean color and photosynthetically active radiation).

Strong conservatism in leaf anatomical traits and their multidimensional relationships with leaf economic traits in grasslands under different stressful environments

BackgroundPlant traits and plant adaptive strategies have been affected by the increasing intensity and severity of environmental changes. Given the uncertainty surrounding future environmental conditions, investigating plant trait variations under various stresses is crucial for unraveling plant survival strategies. Leaf anatomical traits are closely responsible for plants’ photosynthesis, respiration and transpiration. However, knowledge of how the multi-species leaf anatomical traits varied in extremely and moderately stressful environments is limited. Our objective was to compare the variation of leaf anatomic traits and adaptation strategies in two different stressful regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (TP) and Mongolian Plateau (MP) of China.MethodsWe sampled ten sites in each of the two regions (MP and TP) along an environmental gradient. Seven leaf anatomical traits and two leaf economic traits were measured for all leaf samples. Leaf anatomical traits include the traits related to leaf physiological processes (mesophyll thickness (MT), palisade tissue thickness (PT), spongy tissue thickness (ST), palisade-spongy tissue thickness ratio (PST) and epidermal thickness (ET)) and the traits related to trait construction investment (epiderm-leaf thickness ratio (ET/LT) and mesophyll-leaf thickness ratio (MT/LT)). Leaf economic traits include specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf nitrogen content (LN).ResultsThe results revealed that leaf anatomical traits in the TP exhibited greater phylogenetic conservation with thicker structures, being less susceptible to environmental impacts than those in the MP. Additionally, the leaf anatomical and economic traits decoupled both in the MP and TP.ConclusionThese findings highlight that plants adopt diverse strategies to cope with extremely and moderately environmental stresses, but multidimensional trait patterns are generally favored in stressful environments.

The Influence of Vegetation Environment on Thermal Experience in Hot Summer: A Case Study from Perspectives of Fitting Scale and Gender Disparity

Vegetation exerts a significant cooling effect, particularly during the hot summer; however, the spatial scale effects and gender difference among occupants’ subjective thermal comfort remain elusive. Developing a comprehensive model to elucidate the multidimensional relationship between green spaces and thermal experience holds paramount importance. Taking Longzi River Park in Zhengzhou city as a case study, this research examined the influence of vegetation on thermal experience by using structural equation modeling (SEM) from perspectives of fitting scale and gender disparities. It was found that (1) The vegetation environment not only influences thermal sensation, comfort and demand independently, but also influences the pathway between them. These influence paths constitute a complex causal network, functioning as a framework of “sensation → comfort → demand” and its influencing factors. (2) There exists a scaling effect in the pathway framework, which conforms to a threshold of 10 m for the inner radius and 30 m for the outer radius. The goodness of SEM model fit declines with the increase in either the inner radius or the outer radius, or both. (3) Differences in genders are exhibited for the pathway framework, with the vegetation exerting a stronger influence on female sensation and comfort, as well as male demand. The pathway from sensation to comfort to demand is more pronounced in male populations. The research findings contribute to the development of improved and sustainable vegetation distribution in urban parks.

The Role of Organizational Culture on Knowledge Management and Green Innovation in Private Universities

Innovation for sustainability in private universities has emerged as a crucial area of research globally. The existing literature highlights the significance of organizational culture, knowledge management, and green innovation in achieving sustainability goals. This study aims to determine the influence of organizational culture on knowledge management and green innovation in private universities located in LLDIKTI Region II. A cross-sectional research design was employed, with data collected via questionnaires from a sample of 305 respondents from private universities in LLDIKTI Region II. The data were analyzed using the Smart PLS structural equation model to test the proposed hypotheses. The findings of this research align with human resource-based theory, which posits that organizational sustainability is determined by the strength of its internal resources. The results confirmed that organizational culture significantly influences knowledge management (Hypothesis 1) and green innovation (Hypothesis 2) in private universities within the specified region. The study also underscores that private universities function as quasi-public organizations that blend business principles with a social approach to meet community needs while maintaining high competitiveness in a globalized world. This research contributes to the body of knowledge by examining the multidimensional relationship between knowledge management processes, organizational culture, and green innovation in private universities. By exploring these interconnections, the study provides valuable insights for enhancing sustainability and competitiveness in higher education institutions. The study concludes that a strong organizational culture is essential for fostering effective knowledge management and promoting green innovation in private universities. Future research could expand the sample size and incorporate additional variables, such as organizational commitment, to deepen the understanding of the dynamics at play.

Enhancing Health Literacy and Self-Care Abilities among Individuals with Chronic Diseases

Health literacy is an essential element in the effective management of chronic diseases. It provides a foundation for individuals to understand, evaluate, and utilize health information, thus enabling them to make well-informed decisions regarding their care. For individuals living with chronic conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension, health literacy is not just about understanding their health needs; it is about empowering them to manage their conditions effectively, make informed healthcare decisions, and maintain a higher quality of life. This writing explores the multidimensional relationship between health literacy and self-care abilities among people with chronic diseases, examining the factors affecting health literacy, its impact on self-care, strategies for improvement, and the pivotal role of health professionals in this context.

A novel approach to enterprise technical collaboration: Recommending R&D partners through technological similarity and complementarity

Choosing the right partner is a key factor in the success of enterprise R&D cooperation, directly affecting innovation outcomes and market competitiveness. Technical similarity provides a common language and foundational understanding between enterprises, while technical complementarity offers opportunities for knowledge exchange and innovation. However, no previous research has effectively integrated these two features within a collaborator recommendation framework. This study aims to explore a method that combines technological similarity and complementarity for collaborator recommendations. We introduced the Technological Similarity and Complementarity Enhanced Collaborator Recommendation (TSCE-CR) model, which constructs a heterogeneous corporate collaboration network and designs a tailored loss function. This model effectively integrates features of technological similarity and complementarity, enabling the neural network to capture and elucidate the nonlinear and multidimensional relationships in corporate collaborations. Experimental validation on patent data in the field of artificial intelligence demonstrated that our TSCE-CR model excels in identifying potential collaborators, effectively confirming the critical role of technological complementarity in R&D collaboration. This research provides a flexible framework for future studies on collaborator recommendations and offers reliable decision-making support for enterprises in selecting R&D partners.

Between worlds: Experiences of doing, being, becoming, and belonging for second generation adults who disaffiliate from a new religious movement

ABSTRACT Religion and spirituality are under-explored in occupational science and no research to date has addressed religious disaffiliation from an occupational perspective. This research explores the subjective experiences of second-generation adults (SGAs) who have disaffiliated from the new religious movement (NRM) in which they were raised, and challenges assumptions that engagement in religious practice is necessarily based on individual choice or automatically has positive impact on well-being. An auto/biographical approach was adopted and reflexive thematic analysis used to analyse secondary data from six podcast interviews with SGAs who disaffiliated from a NRM. Three main themes were identified: Transition, Doing things, and New self. Findings show the occupational impact of disaffiliation and how the interviewees experienced transition, reconstructed their identities, and found new belonging through the interrelated dimensions of doing, being, becoming, and belonging, as defined in the Pan Occupational Paradigm. The findings build upon research that considers the multidimensional relationship between these dimensions by providing a novel exploration of the experiences of people who have ended their connection with a NRM. This study highlights a need for further research into experiences of religious disaffiliation and the impact of affiliation with high-demand groups.

School principals’ beliefs, attitudes, knowledge and practices concerning inclusive education

ABSTRACT The present study explores the relationship between school principals’ beliefs, attitudes, and knowledge with their practices concerning the education of students with disabilities, shedding light on their pivotal role in fostering inclusive education. Data were obtained through a validated questionnaire tailored for the Greek educational context, administered electronically to a representative stratified sample comprising 582 school principals from 334 primary and 248 secondary schools in Greece. Correlation and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted, revealing intricate and multi-dimensional relationships among the variables under investigation. The findings suggest a significant correlation between school principals’ knowledge and their beliefs, attitudes, and subsequent practices related to the education of students with disabilities, although further exploration is warranted to elucidate the nature of this relationship. A nuanced understanding of the interplay between school principals’ knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and practices regarding the education of students with disabilities holds potential to further the goals of inclusive education.

Revealing the comprehensive effect of mechanization on sauce-flavor Daqu through high-throughput sequencing and multi-dimensional metabolite profiling

Mechanization has emerged as a focal point in the modernization of traditional enterprises, offering standardized production and labor reduction benefits. However, little is known about how mechanization affects the microbiota and metabolite profiles of Daqu. To address this gap, we conducted a comprehensive comparison between traditional and mechanical sauce-flavor Daqu using a multi-omics approach. Results showed that mechanical Daqu exhibited higher acidity, amino acid nitrogen and enzyme activity, alongside lower fat and moisture levels. Following mechanization, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Staphylococcus, Aspergillus and Saccharomycopsis were enriched and identified as biomarkers, whereas Oceanobacillus, Monascus and Scopulariopsis were notably decreased. Furthermore, significant disparities in metabolic profiles were observed between the two types of Daqu based on GC–MS, GC-IMS, and LC-MS/MS analyses. The content of volatile compounds was significantly higher in mechanical Daqu (332.82 ± 22.69 mg/kg), while that of non-volatile compounds was higher in traditional Daqu (753.44 ± 41.82 mg/kg). Moreover, OPLS-DA models identified 44 volatile and 31 non-volatile compounds as differential metabolites. Multivariate statistical analysis indicated that bacteria and fungi primarily contributed to protease and saccharification activities, respectively. Additionally, the co-occurrence network revealed that Oceanobacillus and Scopulariopsis were closely associated with non-volatile compound formation, while LAB and Rhizopus significantly influenced volatile compound production. These findings elucidate the multi-dimensional relationship between mechanization and Daqu quality, offering insights to advance the modernization of traditional industries.

Exploring the interplay of Emotional intelligence and stress

This review delves into the intricate relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and stress, drawing insights from 18 scientific articles. It examines the impact of EI on stress perception, physiological responses, and stress management across diverse contexts. Findings reveal a multi-dimensional relationship, highlighting the importance of emotional regulation, social support, and resilience in mitigating stress. The validation of physiological markers, such as salivary cortisol, offers valuable insights into stress dynamics, while contextual factors and biological underpinnings underscore the complexity of EI's influence on stress. Implications for future research and practice advocate for tailored interventions and gender-sensitive approaches to harness the potential of EI in stress management.