Multidimensional Character Research Articles

대학생을 위한 직업인성역량 척도 개발 및 검증

Character has become a critical competency essential for realizing individual potential and achieving professional success across all stages of life. University students, as emerging professionals, must cultivate multidimensional character competencies to succeed in the professional world, highlighting the need for a systematic measurement tool. This study aimed at developing and validating a scale to assess and enhance these competencies. A theoretical framework guided the development of preliminary items through a Delphi survey. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with 375 university students refined the scale, while confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with 1,240 students verified its validity and reliability. The final scale comprises six factors-self-management, openness, empathy, communication, collaboration, civic virtues, and community consciousness-encompassing 35 items. The scale demonstrated strong reliability and validity, offering practical applications for character education and talent development in universities, corporations, and society. It serves as a valuable tool for systematically assessing and fostering multidimensional character competencies.

Beyond larks and owls: Revisiting the circadian typology using the MESSi scale and a cluster-based approach.

Chronopsychological research typically applied the morningness-eveningness dimension, resulting in a distinction between morning, intermediate, and evening chronotypes. However, in recent years, new measures have been developed that transcend the traditional "morning larks" vs. "night owls" dichotomy and better capture the complexity of individual differences in circadian rhythmicity. One such measure that addresses the multidimensional character of the circadian rhythm is the Morningness-Eveningness-Stability Scale improved (MESSi) which comprises three dimensions: morning affect, eveningness, and distinctness. However, delineating specific chronotypes using the cut-off points, as was commonly done for other established scales, is not possible in the case of MESSi due to its multidimensionality. In the present paper, we provide a first attempt to introduce a cluster-based approach to deal with MESSi scores. For this purpose, we determined the number of clusters to be extracted using data from our previous study conducted in Poland (N = 1106). Next, we attempted to replicate this cluster solution in another Polish sample (N = 768) and a German sample (N = 637). Finally, we also intended to illustrate how individuals assigned to the established clusters differ in terms of sleep parameters and other differential variables such as positive and negative affect, personality traits, depressive and anxiety symptoms, self-regulation, and self-efficacy. After segmenting MESSi scores by cluster analysis in the three samples we found support for a four-cluster solution, including four circadian profiles which we propose to label "intermediate-finches", "hardy larks", "night owls", and "vulnerable larks". This is the first attempt to introduce a cluster-based, multi-dimensional approach to dealing with MESSi scores.

Orthographic knowledge as a predictor of reading and spelling in isiXhosa third graders

Background: Research acknowledges the importance of phonological processing and orthographic processing for reading and spelling in both consistently and inconsistently written languages. While the focus has tended to be on the role of phonological processing in languages with consistent orthographies, the role of orthographic processing, specifically orthographic knowledge has yet to be as extensively explored.Aim: To address this gap, this article explores the unique contributions of phonological awareness (PA) and orthographic knowledge for reading and spelling in the consistently written language of isiXhosa. In addition, we investigate the multi-dimensional character of orthographic knowledge by establishing whether letter-sound knowledge is a sub-component of orthographic knowledge, alongside word-specific and general orthographic knowledge.Setting: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted with 182 isiXhosa third graders.Methods: Participants completed word-specific and general orthographic knowledge tasks, which were specifically designed for the study, along with tasks of oral reading fluency, spelling accuracy, PA, rapid automatised naming and letter-sound knowledge.Results: Using confirmatory factor analyses along with regression analyses, the findings provide support for the multi-dimensional character of orthographic knowledge inclusive of word-specific orthographic knowledge, general orthographic knowledge and letter-sound knowledge. Further, it was revealed that for this sample of isiXhosa third graders, orthographic knowledge was more influential to reading and spelling performance over and above PA, providing evidence for the importance of orthographic skill for both reading and spelling in isiXhosa.Conclusion: The present study adds to a growing understanding of the multi-dimensional nature of orthographic knowledge and provides evidence for the importance of orthographic knowledge for reading and spelling in isiXhosa.Contribution: The findings support the need for phonics instruction that incorporates activities which build learners’ orthographic knowledge and other writing-related skills. Further, continuous exposure to books and reading will also strengthen learners’ orthographic knowledge.

The professionalization of the role of the coach: transforming the last bastion of the Scandinavian welfare-sport model

Coaching in Scandinavia is characterized by tensions between voluntary ideals and increased demands for professionalization. This paper examines the origins and content of such demands, how voluntary run and governed football clubs translate them into practices, and the impact of professionalization on the coach role. Within an organizational perspective, our analysis is framed by institutional theory and a translation perspective and draw on data from interviews with representatives of Norwegian football clubs. The results show how demands for professionalization are translated into (new) practices in football clubs and lead to (more) professionalization of the coach role. In a ‘top-down’ trajectory, professionalization is characterized by bureaucratization driven by a need to satisfy the Norwegian Football Federation and Norwegian Elite Football. In a ‘bottom-up’ trajectory, professionalization is characterized by individualization driven by pressures from members to tailor-make the club’s service offer. In a ‘trickle-sideways’ trajectory, professionalization is characterized by marketization driven by the establishment of private football academies that exert pressure on football clubs to adapt to a more customer-oriented membership base. In conclusion, this examination highlights the multidimensional character of the professionalization of the coach role and emphasizes the need for further research on the broader ramifications of professionalization in contexts characterized by voluntary ideals.

The covert and overt role of art in landscape partnership

Although in recent history the arts have received substantial attention as a conduit for memorable artworks to draw attention to issues that may be coincidental to the artists original intention, this does not acknowledge the arts as equal partner in a shared enterprise but more to facilitate the accessibility of difficult concepts. This essay explores the capability for the visual arts to increase understanding of issues as disparate as the loss of rural landscape to urban development and the incremental effects of sea level rise upon coastal communities. With increased specialisation of disciplinary practice there is an incapacity to address the multi-dimensional character of practical challenges, particularly in the matter of the societal impacts of environmental change. This demands greater flexibility in approach to policy and an understanding that the increasing frequency of unforeseen events beg the question of our cultural preparedness to evolve a new paradigm for knowledge sharing.

A Fuzzy PROMETHEE Method for Evaluating Strategies towards a Cross-Country Renewable Energy Cooperation: The Cases of Egypt and Morocco

Recognising the urgency of addressing climate change and the imperative to mitigate its effects, the European Union (EU) has embarked on a transformative journey to reshape its energy landscape, with a pronounced emphasis on harnessing renewable energy sources (RESs) and augmenting their contribution to electricity generation. To propel Europe towards sustainable development through its energy transition, EU member states are encouraged to foster collaborative efforts on a European scale, inviting neighbouring countries to participate in joint ventures aimed at leveraging RESs for electricity generation. Consequently, it becomes imperative to evaluate the potential depth of cooperation among these nations, assessing how such partnerships can align with Europe’s overarching objectives while fostering mutually beneficial conditions. This paper seeks to undertake a thorough analysis and evaluation of the potential impacts of such cooperation, both in advancing RES objectives and in promoting broader cooperation goals concerning the countries involved. The appropriate methodological framework has been developed, utilising and implementing the fuzzy PROMETHEE multicriteria decision analysis method, to address the problem’s multidimensional character, intending to implement an appropriate action plan and promote production from RESs. The methodology has been applied to assess alternative strategies in two case study countries, Morocco and Egypt, while important outcomes have emerged towards the successful implementation of cooperation mechanisms promoting RES.

Structural Effects on the Energy Disposal and Atomic Photofragment Alignment for the Photodissociation of Alkyl Iodides at Excitation Wavelengths of 254 and 268 nm.

This work represents a step forward in the understanding of the widely studied photodynamics of alkyl iodides in the first absorption band. Ultraviolet (UV) photodissociation of several alkyl iodides (RI), specifically, a series of linear and ramified molecules with R = CnH2n+1, n = 1-4, at excitation wavelengths of 254 and 268 nm, which correspond to the maximum of the first absorption A-band, has been studied by combining resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) detection of atomic photofragments I(2P3/2) and I*(2P1/2) and of pulsed slice imaging. Detailed examination of the total translational energy distributions of both atomic photofragments has been combined with stereodynamical information on the process obtained from the anisotropy β and alignment a02(∥) and Re[a12(∥, ⊥)] parameters to provide a description of the role played by the molecular structure of alkyl iodides in adiabatic and, especially, in nonadiabatic photodissociation dynamics through conical intersections or avoided crossings. The present results suggest that the linear structures couple more efficiently with the pure C-I reaction coordinate, whereas for the branched structures, the coupling with additional vibrational (bending) modes gains importance, showing the dissociation process a multidimensional character. In addition, a large degree of cofragment rotational alignment has been found for the small linear CH3I and C2H5I and, unexpectedly, for the branched t-C4H9I (C3v symmetry), whereas the rest of the alkyl iodides show low alignment parameters.

Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism – a step towards Europe à la française?

Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) presented by the European Commission (EC) as a part of the ‘Fit for 55’ package was a turning point in almost twenty years of the French eff orts to implement this instrument. In this article I present the concept of CBAM. I also pose questions why France was so fervent proponent of introducing it into EU law and why it finally succeeded. In order to find the answer to these questions I recall the main assumptions of the French European policy. Then, I explain how policy of continuity was rewarded in times of important political changes. I also argue that multidimensional character of CBAM gives enough opportunity for France to shape not only EU climate pol-icy but other EU policies as well. I conclude that CBAM fits perfectly to the French interests. It allows all successive presidents of the Fifth Republic to adapt it to the current needs and include it in their narratives on EU affairs.

Multidimensional Poverty Status in Rural Bangladesh and the Pathways of Sustainable Poverty Alleviation

Even though poverty is a social and economic phenomenon, it is nonetheless important to investigate the multidimensional character of poverty in the Global South. Hence, this study is an effort to determine the multidimensional poverty status in rural Bangladesh, decompose poverty, and investigate risk factors for poverty. To achieve the goal, primary data were collected from 350 rural farm households through the random sampling technique. The Alkire-Foster (A-F) method of multidimensional poverty estimation was applied considering four dimensions of deprivation. It was found that 11% of rural households were multidimensionally poor, whereas the multidimensional headcount of poor was 23% and their average intensity of poverty was 47%. When their poverty was decomposed, it was evidenced that the standard of living dimension has the highest contribution among the four dimensions to poverty. The result from ‘indicator-wise decomposition’ found that job seeking was the highest contributing indicator to poverty followed by school dropout and type of cooking fuel. A binomial logit regression model was used to explore the risk factors of poverty. Regression results revealed that larger household size has significantly increased the risk while, more income-earning persons, ownership of large livestock, and crop farming could significantly reduce the risk of poverty in rural farm households. The study findings could be used to implement a sustainable poverty reduction strategy. Also, the contextual factors need to be considered in poverty estimation and policy intervention should be implemented in such a way where the contribution of the dimensions and indicators of poverty get prime focus.

LEGAL AND ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT OF THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX OF RUSSIA

The article examines the problems associated with the problems of logistics of the agro-industrial complex. The issues related to natural and climatic factors are considered. It is revealed that long-term errors and structural problems directly contributed to the stagnation of the industry, while primarily reducing the production base on the ground. It was noted that the agricultural sector plays a special role in the economic development of the country, it is a key area contributing to ensuring food independence and the export of agricultural products. It is revealed that the increase in growth rates at the regional level is associated with a system of resource and financial support, which is a necessity in solving import substitution problems. It is particularly noted that the resource potential of the industry is a common system of available elements, an increase in one component implies an increase in the production of interrelated species. It is shown that the problem of food independence has a multidimensional character, its solution is directly interrelated by the fundamental provisions of the fundamentals of legislative regulation. The timely publication of legal documents regulating the functioning of the branches of the agro-industrial complex will serve as the main factor in eliminating internal and external threats in the field of ensuring food security in Russia.

Analysis Of The Character Of Karin In The Novel Maharku Surah Ar-Rahman By Ahliya Mujahidin: Gestalt Approach (Kurt Kofkka)

The novel "Maharku Surah Ar-Rahman" by Ahliya Mujahidin depicts the journey of its main character, Karin, through the lens of a life filled with meaning. In analyzing Karin's character, the Gestalt approach, developed by Kurt Kofkka, can provide deep insight into the way Karin organizes and integrates her life experiences. The Gestalt approach emphasizes observation of the whole, where parts of an individual's experience form a larger whole. In the context of Karin's character, this reflects how every event in her life is interconnected and contributes to her overall understanding. Karin as the main character in this novel has complex emotional layers. The Gestalt approach can help us see how important events in his life, such as loss and happiness, form a complete picture of his personality. For example, how feelings of loss in the past affect the way Karin interacts with the people around her and shapes her thinking patterns. In Gestalt, there is the concept of "organization" which shows how individuals structure their experiences into a meaningful pattern. Karin, as a character, may face internal conflicts that need to be organized to achieve unity in her development. Gestalt analysis can help identify key points in the story that help shape this character organization. Additionally, the Gestalt approach highlights the importance of context in understanding individuals. Karin is not only analyzed as a separate entity, but also in relation to her environment, social relationships, and cultural context. This opens up the opportunity to understand how external factors play a role in his character development. By applying the Gestalt Approach in analyzing Karin's character, we can find continuity and integration between various aspects of her life. This provides a richer understanding of the complexity of the character in the context of the novel "Maharku Surah Ar-Rahman" by Ahliya Mujahidin, and how his life experiences form the overall pattern that makes him a strong and multidimensional character.

Character, contact, and stigma reduction: investigating mediated contact and U.S. digital stories of opioid use disorder

ABSTRACT Communication may play a key role in deconstructing existing stigmas. One popular initiative to reduce the stigma of opioid use disorder (OUD) is to increase contact between people in recovery and the public through digital storytelling. Why do some stories and storytellers make a more powerful impact? We drew upon the theory of character construction to offer new explanations for why mediated intergroup contact can facilitate positive intergroup outcomes. Across two studies (N = 209 and N = 191), exposure to recovery stories increased positive stereotypes and promoted future, interpersonal contact via transportation, intergroup ease, and outgroup variability. Two storyteller perceptions – fluid and multidimensional character – facilitated contact effects. The findings advance our understanding of how story content shapes a form of narrative persuasion, and its ability to improve intergroup relations.

Conceptualizing a Framework for Assessing Teachers’ Digital Literacy: A Processual Analysis Model

The proliferation of digital devices has made digital literacy a critical ability for teachers in the twenty-first century. However, current paradigms fall short in reflecting the multidimensional character of teachers' digital literacy. This research seeks to address this gap by creating an integrated conceptual framework based on Pettigrew's Processual Analysis Model. Using thematic analysis, the researchers gathered and synthesized data from relevant literature. According to the findings, context, content, and process variables all have an impact on teachers' digital literacy. The debate emphasizes the need to examine these elements together to completely understand and improve digital literacy.

The use of virtual reality as a perspective-taking manipulation to improve self-awareness in Alzheimer's disease.

Lack of awareness of symptoms or having a condition referred to as anosognosia is a common feature of individuals with Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Previous literature on AD reported difficulties in evaluating self-abilities, often showing underestimation of limitations. There is increasing evidence that the perspective through which information is presented may moderate the performance appraisal and that anosognosia in AD might be a consequence of a deficit in assuming a third-person perspective. In this context, some studies showed that subjects may better recognize self-and other-difficulties when exposed to a third-person perspective. Considering the variety of approaches aiming to investigate the lack of awareness, there is still a scarcity of methods that provide great ecological validity and consider more than one facet of awareness, thus failing to offer more accurate evaluations of daily experiences. The present paper primarily addresses the theme of the multidimensional character of awareness of abilities in AD and the effect of perspective-taking on its trajectories. The focus turns to virtual reality as a promising tool for a greater evaluation of perspective-taking and self-awareness. Particularly, these systems offer the possibility to involve users in cognitive and sensorimotor tasks that simulate daily life conditions within immersive and realistic environments, and a great sense of embodiment. We propose that virtual reality might allow a great level of complexity, veracity, and safety that is needed for individuals with AD to behave according to their actual abilities and enable to explore the liaison between the subject's viewpoint, performance, and self-evaluation. In addition, we suggest promising clinical implications of virtual reality-based methods for individualized assessments, investigating specific impacts on subjects' life and possible improvements in their awareness.

Analysis of the literature on the barriers that affect female entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship is critical to promoting economic and sustainable development at a global level. In this scenario,women play an increasingly relevant role but face various challenges and barriers to starting and growing theirbusinesses. The study pursued the analysis of the state of knowledge related to the limitations of women in thedevelopment of entrepreneurship. A retrospective and descriptive examination was developed, based on bibliometricprocedures in the SCOPUS database during the time range from 2019 to 2024. The trend of the research washeterogeneous with a maximum peak of 25 in the year 2022. Research articles predominated in the area of Business,Administration and Accounting. The United States was the largest producing country, while the most representativeaffiliation was Tartu Ülikool. Three lines of scientific research were identified from the keyword co-occurrence analysis.It was observed that entrepreneurship plays a vital role in economic development and that the classificationsdemonstrate its multidimensional and diverse character. Understanding this diversity is crucial to designing supportpolicies and programs adjusted to each context's specific needs and characteristics.

Envisioning the Architectural-Urban Nexus in Renaissance Florence in the Case of Palazzo Rucellai

Florence counts as one of the cradles of European Renaissance art and architecture where linear perspective first emerged. These developments led to the pivotal role perception played in Florence’s architectural and urban design conceptions, as seen in the works of Brunelleschi (1377–1446), Michelozzo (1396–1472), and Alberti (1404–1472), among others. Alberti's De re aedificatoria presented an analogy of the city as a house and vice versa, negating hard distinctions between architectural and urban design, while Alberti’s oeuvre, particularly De pictura, underscores the primacy of the eye. This suggests the exploration of mathematical relationships between architectural façades and urban space configurations within the Florentine context. Through this approach, the paper explores the cases of Palazzo Pitti, Strozzi, and Rucellai, and advances ongoing debates regarding Palazzo Rucellai’s envisioned finished appearance by using a 3D Digital Twin (DT) of the palace and its immediate urban context to test alternative façade hypotheses. Ultimately, the results unveil the multidimensional character of Renaissance architectural façade design and their urban role as signifiers of the cultural, intellectual, economic, and political valour of their inhabitants.

Lwów niedoczytany?

In this review, Dariusz Piechota examines Zoriana Czajkowska’s book, Literary Topography of Lviv (2021). Czajkowska mentions at the outset that Lviv is a city that fascinates both researchers of Polish and Ukrainian literature and culture. It is a space where the influences of many cultures intersect, which undoubtedly contributes to the city's multidimensional character. Czajkowska focuses on works written after World War II, particularly memoirs, essays, columns, and journalistic texts. Piechota concludes that Czajkowska failed to capture the multicultural character of Lviv, and her presentation seems one-sided. Nonetheless, Czajkowska's extensive knowledge of Ukrainian literature, as evidenced by her sources, is commendable.

Participation of adolescents with and without physical disabilities and chronic diseases: A comprehensive conceptualization.

In 2001, the International Classification of Functioning and Disability (ICF) introduced participation as a main goal of rehabilitation processes. However, to date, a comprehensive concept of participation in the rehabilitative context is missing, particularly in German-speaking countries. We thus aimed to refine and extend the existing concepts of participation in this brief communication. In preceding studies, we conducted semi-structured interviews with adolescents who either had chronic diseases and/or physical disabilities or had no impairments and focus groups with parents and experts. Based on these diverse perspectives and findings, we refine the term participation. Participation is a construct that is embedded in a social context and consists of objective (i.e., attendance) and subjective (i.e., satisfaction and involvement) dimensions. These dimensions are reflected in different domains and areas that are relevant to adolescents' lives. In addition, the subjective relevance of respective areas in life needs to be regarded as a weighing component when evaluating participation. Our results reflect international models on participation, refine the existing concept, and underline the multidimensional character of participation. These findings are urgently needed to develop appropriate instruments, for example, for assessing whether rehabilitative processes are effective regarding the goal of participation.

The Phenomenon of Lecturer Competences as a Prerequisite for the Advancement of Sustainable Development Ideas in the Context of Student-Centred Studies

Research and higher education regulations have been shaping attitudes not only towards the higher education lecturer as a professional in the field who is able to use educational tools but also towards the interfaces between lecturers and students. In this lecturer–student interaction, the students’ own perception of the qualities of the lecturer’s personality and/or possessed competences that are acceptable to them and that motivate them to participate in the learning process should be emphasised as an important aspect of success. Thus, the article raises the following problem questions: (1) What competences should a lecturer have from the students’ point of view to achieve student-centred studies? (2) What is the relationship between the competences of the lecturer and the implementation of sustainable development ideas in the organisation of student-centred studies? This article is based on a 2019 survey conducted among Lithuanian university and college students, employing a questionnaire survey with a survey instrument that included open-ended questions. The survey was conducted with a sample of 390 participants. In addressing the issue at hand, it becomes evident that, from the students’ perspective, the personality of the lecturer possesses a multidimensional character. They not only value the lecturer’s expertise in the subject matter taught (subject competence) but also place a stronger emphasis on two other aspects. First, they value the lecturer’s ability to motivate and engage students in the learning process (educational competence), which includes an essential component: communication competence. Second, the lecturer’s personality acquires meaning through fundamental human values.

Multidimensional preference for technology risk regulation: The role of political beliefs, technology attitudes, and national innovation cultures

AbstractBuilding on the concept of participatory regulation, this study emphasizes recognizing the multidimensional character of citizens' risk regulation preferences. Using the case of autonomous vehicles, we specify six technology‐related risks: product safety, regulatory oversight, legal liability, ethical prioritization, data protection, and human supervision. We argue that differences in these multidimensional risk regulation preferences are shaped by citizens' political beliefs, technology attitudes, and national innovation cultures. To test these hypotheses, a conjoint experiment was conducted in the United States (1188 participants), Japan (1135 participants), and Germany (1174 participants) in which respondents compared hypothetical regulation regimes for self‐driving cars, varying alongside the six regulatory risk dimensions. The findings show a universal preference for increased legal responsibility of manufacturers and more stringent safety regulations for autonomous vehicles. Political beliefs and technological attitudes had minimal impact on these preferences. Although there were some cultural differences in privacy and ethical prioritization, no systematic differences were noted across countries, suggesting the possibility of finding common ground in standardizing risk regulations for self‐driving cars.