Multicultural Characteristics Research Articles

도시문화를 기반으로 한 상하이 부산 관광상품 비교 연구

Tourist souvenirs carry rich regional history, culture and cultural heritage, and play an important role in shaping regional cultural brands, inheriting urban culture, and promoting urban innovation and consumption vitality. Shanghai and Busan, as international cities, take tourist souvenirs as an important way to spread urban culture. The purpose of this study is to explore the development path and characteristics of tourist souvenirs under different urban cultural backgrounds, learn from each other to jointly promote the spread of urban culture, and adopt the methods of literature collection and comparative analysis. This paper first investigated the basic cultural characteristics of the two cities, carefully compared the historical integration and modern innovation, through research perfume, straw, folk dance, film festival cases, comparison analyzes the commercialization of Shanghai tourism souvenir, marketization characteristics, busan Marine culture, multicultural characteristics, respect different souvenir design and cultural communication strategy differences, both successfully shaped their city image, improve the city cultural soft power. In the future, the two places can learn from each other to further enrich the cultural connotation of souvenirs and promote the international dissemination of urban culture.

Identification with Buddhism among young Chinese Indonesians: multicultural dynamics and generational transitions

Amidst the diverse cultural and religious tapestry of Indonesia, Buddhism holds a prominent position as a major faith. Within the context of multiculturalism and generational shifts, this study explores the evolving identification of young Chinese Indonesians with Buddhism. This research addresses the existing knowledge gap by investigating the intricate interplay of historical, cultural, and religious elements that help shape young Chinese Indonesians’ identification with Buddhism. By conducting a thorough analysis of quantitative data gathered from young Chinese Indonesians through a survey, this study investigates six dimensions of identification with Buddhism. This examination considers variables such as age, family background, and regional disparities. Furthermore, to obtain deeper insights and support the quantitative findings, the researchers conducted semistructured interviews to gather qualitative data. The findings reveal the characteristics of young Chinese Indonesians’ identification with Buddhism. First, there are significant variations in identification levels across regions, with relatively lower levels in Java and higher levels in other archipelagos. Personal factors, such as parents’ occupations, also influence individuals’ degree of identification with Buddhism. Second, today’s Chinese Indonesian youth maintain their identification with Buddhism through family ties despite overall intergenerational decline. The participants also show a keen interest in modern religious symbols, dissemination methods, and content. Third, the Buddhist identity of Chinese Indonesian youth transcends traditional values and cultural content, reflecting characteristics of multiculturalism and cultural blending. They not only appreciate various aspects of local culture but also incorporate Buddhist values and symbols into the mainstream of globally shared culture, creating a more extensive and modern collective cultural identity. Unveiling the factors that shape Buddhist identification among Chinese Indonesian youths has implications for fostering intercultural and intergenerational cohesion. The insights derived from this research can contribute to the design of effective strategies aimed at advancing the broader goal of cultural harmony and social unity in Indonesia.

초기인도대승불교의 다문화적 양상과 종교적 전개

Indian Mahayana Buddhism has diverse theories regarding its origin, but it is believed that this soteriological religious movement primarily emerged during the Kushan Dynasty. The Kushans, a nomadic people of Central Asia who were skilled in trade, had multicultural characteristics of Greek and Iranian. They embraced Indian religion and culture, and supported Buddhism to legitimize their rule. The creation of Buddha statues in this era had a great influence on the spread of Buddhism beyond India. This era marked an ideological shift, focusing on external power not only sticking to individual performance for the acquisition of the ultimate state. Charity and faithfulness being emphasized, the use of wealth for spiritual purpose was justified. Although the emergence of Mahayana Buddhism is interpreted from the perspective of evolution and development in the history of Buddhism, it is contrary to early Buddhism based on the Shramana tradition of asceticism. Nevertheless these traits of Kushan Buddhism significantly shaped the identity of early Mahayana Buddhism.

국내 집단상담 연구 동향

Objectives The purposes of this study were to find out the recent trends in domestic group counseling research and implications for follow-up studies.
 Methods The authors searched for the subjects of “group counseling” or “group therapy” from 2011 to 2021 from RISS, selected 695 articles published in the Korean Research Foundation's registered (candidate) journals, and analyzed them according to the analysis frame of Kwon Kyung-in and Jo Su-yeon(2010). The articles were classified into outcome studies of group counseling, process studies, and other studies. Among them, outcome studies were classified into effect studies, studies using meta analysis, and program development studies. The effect studies were classified into total 15 items by adding 4 items(co-leader & observer, Cronbach α, data analysis method, theoretical approach) to 11 items of Kwon Kyung-in and Jo Su-yeon(2010). Process studies were classified into group process-outcome studies, therapeutic factors, case qualitative analysis of group process, outcome prediction from group counselor and client characteristics, and feedback. Finally, other studies were subdivided into overview studies, theoretical studies, and others.
 Results 604 outcome studies of group counseling, 76 process studies, and 15 other studies were classified. As a significant result of outcome studies, the characteristics of group members were diversified, and studies targeting the elderly, pair, and multicultural characteristics emerged. In the theoretical approach, cognitive behavior theory was the most common, followed by an integrated approach. As a significant result of process studies, studies targeting group counselors and case qualitative analysis of group process were the most common. Finally, in other studies, studies related to group counseling ethics began to appear.
 Conclusions The authors described the characteristics of group counseling studies developed after the research on group counseling trends of Kim Kay-Hyon(2001), Kwon Kyung-in and Jo Su-yeon(2010). Also the implications for future research were discussed, at the end, the limitations of this study were described.

루마니아의 다문화주의와 다언어정책

This study aims to examine Romanian multiculturalism and multilingual policies that emerged after joining the European Union. To this end, the historical background and development process were examined, focusing on significant inflection points. In this regard, the following are discussed: first, the definition of various concepts of multiculturalism, the analysis of aspects of Romanian multiculturalism within the framework of that definition, and the analysis of multicultural characteristics of Transylvania, a region where minorities are concentrated. Second, the significant changes in multilingual policies, which are deeply related to a multicultural society, and an analysis of the current situation. The characteristics of multiculturalism in Romania are manifested by its historical background and the Process of forming minorities. It can be seen through the fundamental spirit of various laws and the Constitution that pluralism recognizing the identity of minorities existed in principle after the transition in 1989. However, the practice of this spirit had considerable friction with the nationalist forces inside Romania, and there were also several legal deficiencies. The turning point of this conflict was the Process of reorganizing laws based on the goal of incorporating into European society through EU membership. Regarding the issue of minority languages, the biggest issue of a multi-ethnic society, the rights and interests of minority languages have been legally guaranteed at a more advanced level since the enactment of related laws in 2007, but conflicts between ethnic groups still exist. Even now, improvements in the institutional part to enhance the value of a multicultural and multilingual society continue.

The Emergence of Multicultural Characteristics in Virtual Team

The advancement of information and communication technology grant access for businesses to reach global workforce. In a condition where companies hire their employee from cross-border market, the exposure of multicultural differences will be more in contact. Some of the problem faced by virtual multicultural team are cultural discrepancy, communication problem, long distance conflict, and lack of synergy. The objective of this study is to explore the multicultural characteristics emerged from virtual team activity to minimize the problem. This research adopts a case study to examine the comprehensive understanding of virtual multicultural team activity and get new insight from dwelling activity into the context directly. This study has two results: a virtual team and multicultural team characteristics in digital company and Hybrid company. This study can help practitioners identify what multicultural level of focus is well-suited to their current business model and give researcher an overview of future research on the alternatives in managing virtual multicultural team by building virtual multicultural team framework.
 Keywords — Multicultural; Virtual Team, Hybrid Company, Digital Company

ACCOMMODATION OF SUNDANESE AND JAVANESE ETHNIC COMMUNICATION IN BANJAR CITY IN CREATING MULTICULTURAL INTEGRATION: A STUDY OF CROSSCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

This study aims to examine the communication process that occurs in the adaptation process of the Javanese ethnic community in Banjar City, West Java Province which in turn accommodation occurs in cross-cultural communication between the Sundanese ethnic community and the Javanese ethnic community in Banjar City which incidentally is one of the areas that has multicultural characteristics. In a multicultural society, the potential for conflict is very possible. A wise interethnic perception will minimize the occurrence of conflict. This research is designed with an interpretive paradigm using a qualitative-descriptive approach. The method used in this research is ethnographic method. The data was collected using introspective techniques, in-depth interviews, and document review using participant tracking techniques. The results of this study indicate that (1) perceptions and stereotypes between Sundanese and Javanese ethnic groups in Banjar City affected the process of cross-cultural communication; (2) the communication process that takes place in multiethnic society in Banjar City is divided into two characteristics, namely interactive communication and transactional communication.

Learning the Values of Multicultural Islamic Education as an Effort to Solve Santri Delinquency

Pesantren is an Islamic educational institution that has multicultural characteristics. The students who study at Islamic boarding schools generally come from various regions in Indonesia and even other countries with various ethnicities, races, cultures, languages, and family backgrounds from different socio-economic backgrounds. There are also variants of the education system in pesantren ranging from formal, non-formal, and informal education. The variety of diversity handled by an Islamic boardischoolsool often causes various phenomena of friction between students. So that a formula or approach to solving students' misbehavior is needed in solving and building constructive solutions through understanding, attitudes, and behavior of mutual respect in instilling the values ​​of multicultural Islamic education that have been developed in Islamic boarding schools. This study aims to analyze and find the basis of values, learning processes, and educational models of Islamic boarding schools in multicultural Islamic religious learning as a conflict resolution for students at Islamic boarding schools Nurul Islam Antirogo and Islamic boarding schools al-Qodiri Jember. This study uses a qualitative approach, a type of case study with a multi-site design. Data collection uses in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document studies. Data analysis used interactive analysis the Miles & Hubermantechnique of checking the validity of the data is used by credibility by using triangulation of data and sources, dependability, conformability, and transformability. The results of the research show (1) the foundation of values ​​(a) The introduction of ma'had and ta'aruf to respect each other, accept and strengthen equality not difference with the cultural values ​​of multicultural Indonesian citizenship with the core of civic virtue (ukhuwah Islamiyah, wathoniyah and basyariyah) (b) Islam rahmatan lil alamin as a religion of love, safety and peace, (c) the values ​​of aswajaan tawassuth (moderate), tawazun (balanced ), tasamuh (tolerance), ta'awun (help), husnudlan (favorable) and i'tidal (fair) in the process of multicultural Islamic religious education and solving students' problems/conflicts. The cause of the santri conflict is the difficulty factor in building new relationships with differences. The conflict resolution approach develops from Levin: parsing problems, solving problems, removing or eliminating problems, building reconciliation, and developing togetherness.

국내 외국인 이주민의 축구 참여, 정체성 정치 그리고 사회통합

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore foreign migrants’ football participation and identity politics, and to suggest policy directions for social integration.BR Method: Ethnography was conducted on a football club composed of immigrants. Data were collected through participation and nonparticipation observation, in-depth interviews, and literature review. The collected texts were categorized using thematic analysis of Braun and Clarke (2006).BR Results: Cultural homogeneity due to football globalization and cost/spatial accessibility explained participants’ football participation (motive). The collectivity and liberation of football explained the relationship between their identity politics and football participation. Based on this, the study discussed policy directions such as the introduction of a quota system for foreigners in the local football league, the promotion of league participation of immigrant football clubs, and institutionalization & integrated operation of immigrant sports participation.BR Conclusion: A multicultural sports policy should start by encouraging migrants to participate in sports within the system and respecting their inherent identity. In the same context, this study shows the multicultural characteristics of football and its policy effectiveness.

A Multicultural Interactive Digital Book: Promoting Tolerance and Multiculturalism to Elementary School Students

This study aimed to develop a multicultural interactive digital book for higher grade students of elementary school to promote tolerance and multiculturalism. The research used Research and Development method with ADDIE design that contained five steps: analyzing, designing, developing, implementing, and evaluating. First, the need analysis was conducted to find out what kind of literature can help students learn tolerance and multiculturalism. Next, the product was designed based on students' needs and characteristics. After that, the product was developed. There were nine experts involved in this process to validate the product based on five indicators (language, characteristics of realistic story, tolerance, multiculturalism, and characteristics of digital book). The product was declared as very feasible with score 0.91, 0.94, 0.89, 0,94, and 0.89 respectively. Then, the implementation was conducted in SDIT Asshodiqiyah, Kota Semarang. There were two teachers and 48 students who gave product evaluations. The practicality test result showed that the product is very practical based on the evaluation from teachers and students evaluation, respectively, with 83.3% and 81.3%. All of the data in this study were collected through online questionnaires due to Covid-19 pandemic. For further recommendation, this product needs to be experimented with to determine whether it has a positive and significant effect on students' understanding of tolerance and multiculturalism.

Achondroplasia in Latin America: practical recommendations for the multidisciplinary care of pediatric patients

BackgroundAchondroplasia is the most common bone dysplasia associated with disproportionate short stature, and other comorbidities, such as foramen magnum stenosis, thoracolumbar kyphosis, lumbar hyperlordosis, genu varum and spinal compression. Additionally, patients affected with this condition have higher frequency of sleep disorders, ear infections, hearing loss and slowed development milestones. Considering these clinical features, we aimed to summarize the regional experts’ recommendations for the multidisciplinary management of patients with achondroplasia in Latin America, a vast geographic territory with multicultural characteristics and with socio-economical differences of developing countries.MethodsLatin American experts (from Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Colombia) particiáted of an Advisory Board meeting (October 2019), and had a structured discussion how patients with achondroplasia are followed in their healthcare centers and punctuated gaps and opportunities for regional improvement in the management of achondroplasia.ResultsPractical recommendations have been established for genetic counselling, prenatal diagnosis and planning of delivery in patients with achondroplasia. An outline of strategies was added as follow-up guidelines to specialists according to patient developmental phases, amongst them neurologic, orthopedic, otorhinolaryngologic, nutritional and anthropometric aspects, and related to development milestones. Additionally, the role of physical therapy, physical activity, phonoaudiology and other care related to the quality of life of patients and their families were discussed. Preoperative recommendations to patients with achondroplasia were also included.ConclusionsThis study summarized the main expert recommendations for the health care professionals management of achondroplasia in Latin America, reinforcing that achondroplasia-associated comorbidities are not limited to orthopedic concerns.

Assessment of Preservice Music Teachers' Multicultural Personality: Multicultural Music Education Perspective.

This study examines preservice music teachers’ multicultural personality level and characteristics in the context of multicultural music education in China, focusing on the factors that influence the teachers’ multicultural personality traits. We surveyed 433 preservice music teachers who responded via the Multicultural Personality Questionnaire-Short Form survey instrument. The results indicated that the multicultural personality level of preservice music teachers was intermediate, mainly due to a deficiency in the Flexibility and Emotional Stability dimensions, which are necessary for dealing with cultural differences in the face of unknown multicultural conditions. In addition, we also found that the size of a teacher’s hometown and the years of studying and teaching are significant factors in shaping preservice music teachers’ multicultural personalities. Preservice music teachers whose hometowns are big cities have a higher multicultural personality level than those in rural areas. The more time a preservice music teacher spent studying and teaching, the higher the multicultural personality level. Gender, educational level, and experience playing musical instruments have no statistically significant effect on the multicultural personality of preservice music teachers.

Land use pattern of Varanasi city and its environ

Land is the most important and basic resource for both survival and prosperity of human beings. The utilization of piece of land for the economic benefits is defined as Land use/ Land utilization. Their appraisal, evaluation and efficient utilization are very crucial based on the technological developments, population characteristics of that particular region. Pressure of Population on urban land use is remarkable and needs a thorough analytical evaluation for the proper urban land use planning and its management. This present paper highlights the pattern of land use in Varanasi city. For the purpose of discussionthecategoriesoflandusehadbeenbroadlydividedintoResidential,Commercial, Administrative and Tourism land uses. Historical aspects of the cultural landscapes of the sacred city had been discussed elaborately. The city's multi-lingual, multi-religious, multi-racial and multi-cultural characteristics of population plays a significant role to modify the urban landscape to a considerable extent is highly remarkable.

Fostering Teachers' Multicultural Competence for Chinese Ethnic Minority Education: An Analysis of Teacher Education Programmes, Syllabuses and Teacher Educator Perceptions.

The multicultural characteristics of students belonging to ethnic minorities in China pose challenges for teachers. Teacher competence in dealing with culturally diverse students has been extensively discussed in international scholarship and referenced by Chinese researchers, but there is limited empirical research on how teacher education programmes in China respond to this challenge and theoretical discussions. Based on content analysis on teacher education programmes and syllabuses, as well as expert interviews with four teacher educators at two teacher education institutions, this study investigates how the cultivation of multicultural competence is incorporated into teacher education programmes, and the external forces that shape it. Drawing on international scholarship on teachers’ multicultural competence and Cochran-Smith’s framework on external forces influencing multicultural teacher education practices, I argue that the cultivation of teachers’ multicultural competence for their future work in ethnic minority education is, to a great extent, missing from teacher education programmes. Furthermore, what pre-service teachers’ competence covers, and the external forces that influence how teacher education plays out in practice, are influenced and somewhat determined by the large social, economic and political context as well as the agenda for educational reform in China.

Thinking multiculturality in the age of hybrid threats: Converging cyber and physical security in Akkuyu nuclear power plant

Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) are the most protected facilities among all critical infrastructures (CIs). In addition to physical security, cyber security becomes a significant concern for NPPs since swift digitalization and overreliance on computer-based systems in the facility operations transformed NPPs into targets for cyber/physical attacks. Despite technical competencies, humans are still the central component of a resilient NPP to develop an effective nuclear security culture.Turkey is one of the newcomers in the nuclear energy industry, and Turkish Akkuyu NPP has a unique model owned by an international consortium. Since Turkey has limited experience in nuclear energy industry, specific multinational and multicultural characteristics of Turkish Akkuyu NPP also requires further research in terms of the Facility's prospective nuclear security. Yet, the link between “national cultures” and “nuclear security” is underestimated in nuclear security studies. By relying on Hofstede's national culture framework, our research aims to address this gap and explore possible implications of cross-national cultural differences on nuclear security. To cope with security challenges in the age of hybrid threats, we propose a security management model which addresses the need for cyber-physical security integration to cultivate a robust nuclear security culture in a multicultural working environment.

Factors influencing positive subjective health awareness in multicultural adolescents in South Korea: Data from the multicultural adolescents panel study

PurposeThis study aimed to identify the factors influencing positive subjective health awareness of middle school-age multicultural adolescents in Korea.MethodsThis study used data from the fourth to sixth waves of the Multicultural Adolescents Panel Study conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute. In this study, a panel logit model analysis was performed using the Eviews 8.0 program (p<.050).ResultsSocioeconomic status (r=.02, t=2.13, p=.033), body satisfaction (r=.71, t=1.97, p=.048), and depression (r=-.74, t=2.35, p=.018) influenced positive subjective health awareness in multicultural adolescents. When multicultural characteristics were entered into a statistical model with environmental and personal characteristics, multicultural characteristics did not have a significant influence on positive subjective health awareness.ConclusionEnvironmental, personal, and multicultural characteristics were related to positive subjective health awareness in multicultural adolescents; thus, an integrated approach considering those variables is recommended. Nursing interventions and educational programs are needed to improve the psychological status of multicultural adolescents and reduce prejudice about them. In addition, nurses need to be sensitive to multicultural characteristics and the developmental characteristics of multicultural adolescents.

Relationship between Online Interethnic Interactions on Interethnic Bridging Social Capital: A Study of Academic Staff in Malaysian Private Universities

For decades, the uniqueness of Malaysia’s multiethnic, multilingual, and multicultural characteristics have been the focus of thinkers and policymakers in their effort towards nation-building. Such effort has been complemented by the contribution of researchers who provide relevant data and findings. Though the area of interethnic relations and interactions in Malaysia has been well researched, there is a gap in the literature regarding online interethnic relations and its role in bridging social capital. Hence, this study examined the relationship between online interethnic interactions and bridging social capital as well as the moderating effect of ethnicity among academics in Malaysian private universities. Quantitative data was collected through online self-administered questionnaires with 118 respondents and analyzed using SmartPLs software. The findings revealed that online interethnic interactions were vital in bridging social capital between academic members in private universities. The predictors of online ethic interaction (β = 0.718, t = 15.158, f2 = 1.062) were found to have a positive relationship with bridging social capital. The R of 0.515 suggesting there is 51.5% of the variation in bridging social capital was explained by online ethnic interaction. However, there is no evidence of ethnicity as a mediating role in bridging social capital. The authors argued that the role of private universities in Malaysia as a catalyst towards nation-building should be recognized and leveraged.

The Synergy of Food and Tourism: A New Recipe for Regional Tourism Development

Food has become an emerging subject in tourism and leisure activities, with versatile applicability as part of the community culture and visitor’s experience. The commercialisation of possessions conveys sustainable growth, identification, geographical and multicultural characteristics of products and services. Food infuses the travel experience, and particular roles of food in tourism might become more important in certain circumstances. The tastes that travellers acquire through food tourism bridge a place’s culture and tradition since it provides insight into diverse communities through the lenses of tasting, food processing and eating. As a social process connecting cultures through people, tourism gains considerable advantages through food tourism. Many developing countries in Asia and Africa have enormous potential for food tourism. This conceptual paper evaluates the Durban area's food tourism potential and thus proposes four strategies to promote regional development. These strategies are developed by linking the food with other visitor attractions as a means of economic diversification.

Options for Africa’s Child Welfare Systems from Nigeria’s Unsustainable Multicultural Models

The sustainability of Africa’s existing child welfare systems remains uncertain, potentially owing to the maltreatment of children amid the competing worldviews of the continent’s indigenous and non-indigenous practices and international childcare models. This article focuses on Nigeria’s unsustainable multicultural child welfare system in order to highlight the inherent challenges of child welfare systems in Africa and proffer remedies. Seven discernible trends derived from available indigenous sources of information and scholarly literature on Nigeria are used as mind maps to describe and discuss Nigeria’s multicultural characteristics and childcare practices. From the discussion, the country’s child welfare challenges manifest in the following forms: ethnocultural, or more specifically, ethnoreligious diversity; the infiltration of Nigeria by non-native worldviews; colonial legacies; vacillating post-colonial social policies; conceptual ambiguities in non-indigenous welfare terminologies; and persistent unnecessary professional rivalries, which are also present in other African countries. As remedies, three transformative response options for the sustainability of the Nigerian child welfare system and those of other African countries are recommended: embracing cultural relativity regarding child maltreatment, leveraging the transformative and expanded mandates of the social work profession for the development of effective and sustainable child welfare systems, and using research and systems thinking as a driver for transforming professional rivalries into multidisciplinary approaches.

Direct Line with the Monuments of the City. Case Study: Casa Bianca-Municipal Gallery of Thessaloniki. A Museum Pedagogy Approach

The villas of Thessaloniki, examples of eclecticism, are architectural “wonders” situated in eastern Thessaloniki, in the district of “Exoches” or “Pyrgoi”, as it was called in the middle of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. Casa Bianca is well known to the people of Thessaloniki, not only for its unique architecture, which is impressive since it creates an aesthetically pleasing result, but also for the story of romance that unfolded inside it. Casa Bianca shifted between various owners and uses. Starting as a house that was given as a wedding present to the newlywed couple Diaz, it was later used as a school, while today it is occupied by the Municipal Gallery of Thessaloniki. The present study aims to approach Casa Bianca, from the point of museum pedagogy with references to the factual history and the history of Art. That can be accomplished by designing an educational program which aims to introduce the young and the elder to the building, to its architecture as well as the choice of its eclectic style by the architect Pietro Arrigoni, the importance of this style in Thessaloniki of that period, the multicultural characteristics and its connection to the composition of the population of that time, the story of romance that monopolized the press at the time, the choice of architect and the various uses of the building up to this day. The educational program designed for Casa Bianca is in sync with the requirements of our time and for this reason it was decided that it would be designed and implemented online (distance learning), i.e. via computer. The website, that was designed exclusively for the Casa Bianca educational program, with the use of various types of media such as text, image, video and interactive games, seeks to stimulate the imagination and curiosity of users and to offer the maximum possible information through an experiential teaching approach and also through active learning.