Multi-storey Buildings Research Articles

LOAD-BEARING TIMBER DSF ELEMENTS INFLUENCE ON RACKING STABILITY OF MULTI-STOREY PREFABRICATED TIMBER BUILDINGS

Application of double-skin façade (DSF) elements is an important approach in a designing process of contemporary multi-storey timber buildings. A double-skin facade is an envelope wall element that consists of two glass components separated by a cavity and can essentially improve building-physics properties of building envelope. In a sense to reduce global warming potential (GWP) an ecological solution with a timber frame is presented in this paper. Recently, many studies have analyzed thermal and acoustic performance of DSF elements, but practically none in a sense of structural behavior, especially in determination of racking resistance of such wall elements. Because costs of experiments performed on such full-scale DSF elements are very high and such experiments are also very time-consuming, a special mathematical model using a Finite Element Method (FEM) for analyzing the racking resistance and stiffness was further developed. Finally, a specially selected four-storey timber-framed building is subjected to a seismic analysis comparing the influence of the developed timber DSF elements on the overall racking behavior of that structure with non-resisting DSF function. It is demonstrated in the presented study on the selected case that the racking resistance (R) and a consequent seismic resistance of a whole building can be essentially improved if DSF elements are considered as lateral load-bearing wall elements. Consequently, such an approach by using DSF elements as additional bracing wall elements can essentially further increase a potential of designing also high-rise timber buildings with asymmetric position of transparent areas.

Bending Behavior of Hybrid Timber-Steel Beams.

Driven by climate change and the need for a more sustainable construction sector, policy is increasingly demanding and promoting timber hybrid construction methods. In the German state of Baden-Württemberg, every new public building has to be of timber or timber hybrid construction (Holzbauoffensive BW). The objective of multi-story buildings with large floor spans can only be achieved in a resource-efficient way by hybrid constructions combining timber and steel components. A research project recently completed at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology was aimed at the development and systematic investigation of hybrid bending beams in which an advantageous combination of the materials steel and timber is used. For this purpose, steel profiles are integrated into timber cross-sections in a shear-resistant manner by adhesive bonding. As part of the experimental, numerical and analytical investigations, different cross-sections of steel and timber, as well as different construction materials, were considered (GL24h, LVL48p, LVL80p, S355 and S420). The results of large-scale four-point bending tests illustrate the potential of this new hybrid construction method. Depending on the geometry and material combinations tested, the bending stiffness could be increased by up to 250%, and the load-carrying capacity by up to 120%, compared to a glulam beam with identical dimensions.

Optimizing Reinforcing Re-Bar for Multi-Story Buildings Using Automated Bending Lists

Optimizing Reinforcing Re-Bar for Multi-Story Buildings Using Automated Bending Lists

Improving Natural Ventilation Multi-Story Buildings within Hot and Dry Climates: A CFD Study of Windcatcher Performance

Improving Natural Ventilation Multi-Story Buildings within Hot and Dry Climates: A CFD Study of Windcatcher Performance

Metamodeling Framework for Multivariate Probabilistic Prediction of Story-Drift Profile of Multistory Buildings

Metamodeling Framework for Multivariate Probabilistic Prediction of Story-Drift Profile of Multistory Buildings

Reduction of Base Shear Over Actual Soil In Multistorey Building under Earthquake Effects

Abstract: Multi-storeyed buildings are tall structures with multiple floors designed for diverse purposes. Base shear represents the total lateral force a building's foundation must withstand during seismic events. Reducing base shear enhances structural safety, design efficiency, and overall building performance. It enables cost-effective designs and fosters sustainability in multistoreyed constructions. Effective management of base shear is pivotal for ensuring safety and optimizing the structural integrity of high-rise buildings. This research paper aims to reduce the base shear in multi-storeyed buildings. To achieve this objective, a comprehensive analysis was conducted on a G+15 storey building with series of seven model cases abbreviated form BSR Case 1 to BSR Case 7. The comparative analysis revealed that when sizes of the column at a particular level decreases, the base shear decreases that enhances the structural parameters and hence BSR Case 7 observed as optimum case that reduces the base shear and performance of multi-storeyed building.

Reduction of Base Shear: A Review on Different Observations that Reduces Base Shear in Multistoried Buildings

Abstract: India, now classified among the world's most densely populated countries, faces a pressing issue of land scarcity in its major urban cities. To address this challenge, constructing taller buildings emerges as a compelling solution, offering enhanced functionality within limited space. This study conducts an extensive review of relevant literature, examining a wealth of previous research conducted that reduced the base shear. The information collected from this survey forms the initial research objectives for our upcoming technical investigation.

Enhancing Seismic Performance of Semi-Commercial Apartment having Telecommunication Tower at Roof

Abstract: When studying the impact of seismic activities on a structure, we focused on the efficient case and didn't consider the worst-case scenario. If a telecommunication tower is planned on a multistoried building in the future, and the tower is in the worst possible location, certain measures need to be taken to stabilize it and adjust the parametric values. In this research, we analyzed a total of 5 semi-commercial apartment building cases with G+19 floors, each having different telecommunication tower locations. After the analysis, we identified the worst case and implemented an outrigger system, as discussed in the graphical representations in the discussion section. In conclusion, we compared parametric results and observed that Case TTD is very efficient, while Case TTA is the worst among all the cases. We also improved the stability of the worst-case TTA and transformed it into Case TTO through the implementation of the outrigger system, as indicated by our results and discussions.

Pushover Analysis of Different Shapes of Symmetric and Asymmetric Reinforced Concrete Buildings as per BNBC 2020

Bangladesh is situated in an earthquake-active region. It is necessary to identify structures at risk of damage and implement an effective safety standard. This evaluation requires methods beyond simplified linear-elastic approaches. As the number of high-rise buildings is increasing daily, there is an urgent need to design structures considering seismic loading. Although different procedures are possible, to assess how well a structure performs, the non-linear static analysis, also referred to as Pushover Analysis (or collapse analysis), is seen as a practical method. In the present study, four different shapes of multistoried buildings were analyzed according to BNBC 2020. At first, a model was prepared; loading was done and analysis was run using Etabs v16.2.1 (structural analysis and design software). The results show that the effect of lateral loads due to earthquakes is different in the case of different building shapes and how a building behaves during earthquakes is mostly influenced by its overall geometry and shape.

Fire-Spread Characteristics and Evacuation Plan Optimization of Old Style Multi-Story Student Apartments

Fire is a major disaster event that can have a significant effect on public safety and social development. In a college or university, fire can seriously threaten the safety, lives, and property of those there due to the compact layout of apartment buildings and high population density. The ecological safety and sustainable development of buildings are also affected. In this study, PyroSim and Pathfinder software (version 2019) were used to simulate and analyze fire-spreading characteristics based on a multi-story university student apartment building. Additionally, the most effective safe evacuation plan from four fire evacuation drill schemes was identified by analyzing and comparing their performance. Results show that the spreading of fire smoke on different floors is significantly affected by the roof structure and the vertical and horizontal diffusion characteristics of smoke. While the smoke layer at the evacuation stairways has little effect on a safe evacuation, poor visibility due to smoke and ceiling temperatures has a significant effect. Safe evacuation becomes progressively more difficult at different floor levels from the top to the bottom of the building. The optimal safety scheme involves orderly evacuation through two open emergency exits. The number of emergency exits has a significant impact on the evacuation effectiveness. Measures and suggestions have been proposed to deal with apartment fires that address pre-event prevention, emergency loss reduction during the event, and post-event report-back. These proposals form an important theoretical reference for emergency evacuation and student apartment fire safety, providing important guidance for ecological safety protection of buildings and sustainable development.

Design and Prototype a Stair-Climbing Wheelchair

Abstract The disabled usually utilize wheelchairs for their daily mobility and locomotion. These motorized vehicles can travel on relatively flat surfaces or tracks without any problems, but moving up and down the stairs is always a challenge for most commercial wheelchairs. In other words, a person with a disability cannot go anywhere inside a multistory building, shopping store, subway, etc. if they are not built according to accessibility codes. A versatile wheelchair with the ability to negotiate stairs not only improves the daily lives of people with disability, but it can also save their lives in the event of an emergency which requiring immediate evacuation of a building. This article proposes two novel designs to facilitate the stair-climbing feature for a motorized wheelchair. One of the design concepts is based on a curved-spoke mechanism with transformation capability from a round wheel to a tri-leg mechanism to facilitate the translation mode as well as the stair-climbing mode of a wheelchair. The next design concept is an enhanced tri-wheel mechanism using a combination of a tri-wheel setup and planetary gears, to provide a unique capability for the climbing mechanism. After analysis and considering the pros and cons of each design concept, the tri-wheel planetary mechanism has been selected for making a scaled-down model and testing the transmission system on the stairs. The scaled-down prototype can successfully move up or down the stairs in the climbing mode and travel on flat or inclined surfaces in the translation mode.

Examining Wind Flow's Impact on Multi-Storey Buildings: A Quest for Quality Improvement

Abstract This scientific article delves into the intricacies of wind flow's impact on multi-storey buildings, presenting results from a series of experimental investigations. The research encompasses an examination of wind interactions with buildings of varying heights and geometric profiles. Furthermore, it unveils the effects of tall structures on the natural ventilation and smoke evacuation systems of shorter edifices, considering different wind flow directions. The study leverages specialized wind tunnel and measurement techniques for a comprehensive analysis of wind-induced loads on buildings. The acquired insights furnish crucial input for the design of single-story temporary modular constructions within densely populated urban areas, subject to wind-induced stresses. Additionally, they hold potential applicability in the advancement of energy-efficient technologies and strategies within the realm of construction. The acquired dataset underscores the criticality of scrutinizing wind flow's impact on structures of varied typologies and dimensions and will allow to significantly improve the quality and efficiency of modern buildings in the future.

The Performance Assessment of the Structural Bracing Model for Multi-Story Building

Earthquakes are a severe issue for construction. The building collapsed due to the earthquake because it could not bear the earthquake load. Even more so, it was constructed using outdated and different building regulations that do not comply with modern building codes that account for seismic loads. As a result, disaster mitigation methods, such as retrofitting, must be implemented. Retrofitting procedures are commonly used in many developed countries. The bracing system is a typical retrofitting method used on building structures. In this study, a retrofitting program was carried out on The State Finance Building II Semarang, which was built in the 1980s, one of the old buildings in Semarang City, using a reinforced portal structure. This study's bracing system is a Concentrically Brace Frame (CBF) with Inverted V Brace and V Brace variations. The structural analysis software ETABS V.18.2.0 analyzes the building's structure. The structural review includes story drift, the P-Delta effect, and horizontal torsion irregularities. According to the results, steel bracing can minimize the period and displacement associated with story drift, making the structure more stable, with a maximum displacement reduction of 59.66% for inverted V-type steel bracing. Aside from that, steel bracing also can minimize the occurrence of torsion in the building. As a result, steel braces can be used to strengthen the structure.

Value Engineering Of Modern Formwork In Multi-Story Building Construction Case Study On The Construction Project Of The Brin Building Complex In Yogyakarta

Reinforced concrete is the most commonly used construction material in building construction in the 21st century. In its production, supportive instruments are needed to enhance both quality and economic aspects. Formwork, or shuttering, is a crucial factor in the casting and hardening of concrete. The subject of this research is wooden formwork and its alternatives, analyzed in terms of cost, quality, time, and convenience using the Value Engineering Job Plan analysis. In terms of cost, there is a cost savings of 8.88% for DUO polymer formwork compared to the conventional plywood method. The resulting surface quality of the concrete of this method has a average roughness of 3.492. The total duration of the work is 16.54791 days. The total value index obtained for the use of DUO polymer formwork is 98.99, for the plywood film formwork is 48.17, and for conventional plywood formwork is 0.00. Thus, in terms of value, the DUO polymer plastic formwork can be recommended as the best formwork method for multi-story building construction. Considering the advantages and disadvantages of this method, along with the benefits obtained, it would be even more beneficial on a larger construction scale.

Mobile mapping system for historic built heritage and GIS integration: a challenging case study

To manage the historic built heritage, it is of fundamental importance to fully understand the urban area under study, so that all its characteristics and critical issues related to historical conformation, stratification, and transformations can be better understood and described. Geometric surveying allows a deeper investigation of these characteristics through analytical investigation in support of urban planning theories as well. To date, geomatics provides various tools and techniques to meet the above-mentioned needs, and mobile mapping system (MMS) is a technology that can survey large areas in a short time, with good results in terms of density, accuracy, and coverage of the data. In this context, the article aims to verify whether this approach can also be useful in the complex and stratified reality of the historic urban context. The case analyzed—the historical center of Sabbioneta—presents some criticalities found in many urban centers of historical layout. Examples are narrow streets inserted in an urban context with multi-story buildings and consequent difficulty in receiving the GNSS signal and difficulty in following general MMS survey guidelines (trajectories with closed loops, wide radius curves). The analysis presented, relating to a survey carried out with Leica Pegasus:Two instrumentation, in addition to describing the strategies used to properly develop the survey, aims to analyze the resulting datum by discussing its possibilities for use in urban modeling, for cartographic or three-dimensional information modeling purposes. Particular attention is paid to assessing whether the quality of the data (accuracy, density) is suitable for the urban scale. Finally, an analysis of the data obtained from MMS was made with the geographic-topographic database (DBGT), in a GIS (Geographic Information System) environment, to check the possibilities of use and integration between the two models.

Inspection of intermodular connection locations for multistory modular buildings

Modular construction is a method of construction that involves prefabricating modular indoor spaces in a factory and then assembling them at the construction site. However, dimensional errors made during production in the modular manufacturing factory may hinder assembly at the construction site and delay the entire construction process. In particular, as the quality of intermodular connections determines the structural performance and serviceability of the entire modular building, meticulous quality control is required for the connections. In this study, a method is developed for inspection of the intermodular connection locations to meet the requirements of being accurate, inexpensive, easy-to-use, rapid, and operable by a single person, and then tested in a modular factory. The proposed inspection method consists of three parts: (a) a laser meter mounted on a gimbal, (b) target reflectors based on the tumbling doll principle, and (c) a mobile device as a remote control and for data storage, data post-processing, and visualization of results. The proposed inspection process was tested on a modular unit that had been manufactured at a modular factory; the proposed method outperformed the conventional method in terms of accuracy, inspection time, and work safety. The proposed inspection method allows the accurate and rapid inspection of locations of intermodular connection holes and, thus, its use in modular factories is likely to improve the economics and efficiency of modular construction.

HyTra: Hyperclass Transformer for WiFi Fingerprinting-based Indoor Localization

The emerging demand for a variety of novel Location-based Services (LBS) by consumers and industrial users is driven by the rapid and extensive proliferation of mobile smart devices. Sensors embedded in smart devices or machines provide wireless connectivity and Global Positioning System (GPS) capability, and are co-utilized to acquire location-linked data which are algorithmically transformed into reliable and accurate location estimates. GPS is a mature and reliable technology for outdoor localization but indoor localization in a complex multi-storey building environment remains challenging due to fluctuations in wireless signal strength arising from multipath fading. Location-linked data from wireless access points (WAPs) such as received signal strength (RSS) are acquired as numerical sequences. By conceptualizing a fixed order sequence of WAP measurements as a sentence where the RSS from each WAP are words, we may leverage on recent advances in artificial intelligence for natural language processing (NLP) to enhance localization accuracy and improve robustness against signal fluctuations. We propose the hyper-class Transformer (HyTra), an encoder-only Transformer neural network which learns the relative positions of wireless access points (WAPs) through multiple learnable embeddings. We propose a second network, HyTra-HF, which improves upon HyTra by applying a hierarchical relationship between location classes. We test our proposed networks on public and private datasets varying in sizes. HyTra-HF outperforms existing deep learning solutions by obtaining 96.7\% accuracy for the floor classification task on the UJIIndoorloc dataset. HyTra-HF is amenable to deep model compression and achieves accuracy of 95.95\% with over ten-fold reduction in model size using Sparsity Aware Orthogonal (SAO) initialization and has the best-in-class accuracy for the sparse model.

Numerical Simulation of Soil–Structure Interaction of RC Frame

An Attempt has been made to study the effect of soil media on the response of RC frame structure. Therefore, the present work focuses on the implementation of a two dimensional finite element model of reinforced concrete frame and pile foundation system which explicitly incorporates the soil response. The superstructure members have been represented by means of three-node isoperimetric beam elements with three degrees of freedom per node. The soil mass is idealized by the eight-node isoperimetric quadrilateral element at the near field and five nodes isoperimetric infinite element to simulate the far-field behavior of the soil media. The applicability of this model was demonstrated by analyzing a multi-story building. The results have shown that the influence of the soil behavior on the overall response of the structure.

A Method for Determination of Moment Contribution Ratio under Foundation Rotation in Shear Wall-Frame Systems

In shear wall-frame systems, the foundation rotation that may occur under the shear walls changes the displacements and interstory drift ratios and changes the internal force distribution. This study investigates the effect of foundation rotations under shear walls on internal force distribution in shear-frame systems. The originality of the study lies in considering parabolic loads and dynamic analysis (first mode), in addition to static uniform or triangular distributed loads, when determining the shear wall moment contribution ratio under the influence of foundation rotation. The shear wall contribution ratio, a key parameter in many earthquake codes, is defined as the ratio of the sum of bending moments taken by the shear walls at the base to the overturning moment. It plays a crucial role in determining the building’s behavior. Depending on this ratio, the load-reduction coefficient is changed. This study investigates the effect of foundation rotation on the moment distribution at the base for three different static load cases and the first mode in the dynamic analysis. The multi-story building is modeled as an equivalent sandwich beam. The moment contribution ratio (MCR) was calculated with the help of analytical solutions of the differential equations written for three different load cases in static conditions, and graphs were created for practical use directly calculating the MCR. In the methodology of the study, the initial step involves the calculation of the equivalent sandwich beam stiffness parameters and the foundational rotational spring. Subsequent to these calculations, the MCR values can be directly obtained with the help of graphs. This approach facilitates the rapid and practical determination of the MCR and can be used in the preliminary sizing phase to eliminate possible errors in the data entry of software that performs detailed analysis. In addition, in the presented study, it has been shown that taking a single mode into account is sufficient when calculating MCR values in dynamic analysis.

Analysis and Design of Multi-story (G+6) Building by using STAAD Pro

This project is named “Analysis and design of multi-storey building by using STAAD Pro” which involves the analysis of 3D frames of varying floor heights and varying no. of bays using a highly successful software tool STAAD Pro. To compete in the ever-growing competent market, a structural engineer needs to save time as well as Cost. As a sequel to this, an attempt is made to analyze and design a multi-storied building by using the software package STAAD Pro. For analyzing a multi-storied building, one must consider all the possible load(s) and see that the structure is safe against all possible load conditions. There are several methods for the analysis of different frames like Kani's method, Cantilever method, Portal method, and Matrix method. The project deals with the design & analysis of a multi-storied residential building of G+6 consisting of 2 apartments on each floor. The Dead load & Live loads are applied and the design for Beams, Columns & Footing is obtained by utilizing STAAD Pro’s new features which have surpassed its predecessors and compotators like AutoCAD, in data sharing capabilities. We conclude that STAAD Pro is a very powerful tool that can save much time and cost and is very accurate in Designs calculations and it is suitable for the design of a multistoried building.