Multi Stakeholders Research Articles

Analisis Kelayakan Sungai Seni Kobereh Sebagai Obyek dan Daya Tarik Ekowisata Perairan di Distrik Mare Kabupaten Maybrat

The Seni Kobereh River in Mare District, Maybrat Regency, has uniqueness so that it has become a waters tourism area. This study aims to determine the feasibility of Seni Kobereh River as a natural-based tourism attraction. This research was conducted in Sungai Seni Kobereh, Mare Selatan District, Maybrat Regency. Data collected since June to August 2018. The variables were analysed refer to the Guidelines for the Analysis of the Operational Areas for Natural Tourism Objects and Attractions of the Director General of PHKA 2003. The result of the analysis show that Seni Kobereh River is feasible to develop as natural-based tourism attraction with feasibility index 80%, however the feasibility level for each component is different. The attractiveness component shows that the Seni Kobereh River area is feasible with a value of 1050. Accessibility is inadequate with a value of 425 because of the fact that the road conditions are not conducive. Accommodation with a value of 60 is inadequate because in the tourist area of ​​the Seni Kobereh River there is no adequate accommodation. Likewise, supporting facilities and infrastructure were inadequate and got a score of 180. Based on the assessment, development of The Seni Kobereh River ODTW area, need high commitment and collaboration from multi stakeholders, especially in improving accessibility, accommodation, and supporting infrastructure.

Strategy and innovation of home based enterprises for local development in the 4.0 era: a bibliographic study

A promotion in entrepreneurship at the household level through efforts in using space at home can lead to Local economic development. By using the house as a place of business, it only needs a limited budget. This type of business contributes to increasing income for households, even in times of crisis. Many studies of Home-Based Enterprises (HBEs) proves that this can contribute to improving household welfare, even on a broader scale that is contributing to local and regional development. HBEs are very adaptive and start using technology. The ability to adapt is inseparable from the strategy and innovation carried out both in terms of ‘software’, namely human resources, or ‘hardware’ readiness, namely technology and or tools that support development including in the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era. The purpose of this paper is to identify the framework of strategy and innovation of HBEs’ development in the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era based on book or articles published in international journals. The importance of the study is in mapping patterns of strategies, and successful innovations produce a strategy model and entrepreneurial innovation. It aims to deconstruct concepts, strategies and innovations related to the development of HBE that contribute to local development in the 4.0 era based on creativity and innovation, and related technology and tools used for development. The results is HBEs can develop through innovations in technology adoption consists of the using of Webite, Social Media, E-Commerce, Mobile Application, and ICT, and the strategies need multi stakeholders namely University and Large Firms to transfer knowledge and technologies; Government to provide supporting laws and regulation, policies and programmes; and the actor of HBEs in increase capacity to adopt new technologies. HBEs will benefit from doing the right strategy and innovation. From these benefits, HBEs will simultaneously improve its local economy, as well as successfully face the challenges of the industrial revolution 4.0.

An analysis of constraints and suggestions for effective dairy extension delivery system in Karnataka state: Multi stakeholders perspective

An analysis of constraints and suggestions for effective dairy extension delivery system in Karnataka state: Multi stakeholders perspective

Doctoral Study Program, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl Agro No 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281

Forest fire was a persistent concern management in conservation areas of Mount Ciremai National Park (MCNP) and Kuningan Botanical Garden (KBG). Many of the forest fire was sparked by anthropogenic ignitions like careless fire use for extracting forest honey. This study aims to map multi stakeholder roles on fire management in conservation areas. Twenty-seven actors were interviewed to learn who are the fire actors and network. These multi stakeholders included government officials, local businessmen, non-governmental organizations and community members. Study site and data collection were carried out in seven villages around conservation areas from July to September 2019. The relationships between the actors were analyzed with the software Node XL Basic and Gephi 9.0.2 using the Social Network Analysis. Our results identify close relationships and strong connections to all actors of more than half (63.2%) but social or personal approach between all actors were still required. Head of MCNP, Head of KBG and Head of AKAR (Aktivitas Anak Rimba) acted as the important actors. To prevent the area from further fire occurrences, management authorities should establish mutual confidence and make other actors believe that heads of conservation areas are a solid team to prevent conservation areas from burning.

Towards the progress of ecological restoration and economic development in China's Loess Plateau and strategy for more sustainable development

China's Loess Plateau (LP) is one of the most typical regions with serious soil erosion. Its ecological restoration, economic development, and social progress are directly related to realizing China's national sustainable development goals (SDGs). With intensive field investigations, comprehensive analyses of statistical data, remote sensing data, and local monitoring data, this current research explored the achievements in local ecological restoration and economic development, discussed the main problems faced by the LP, and assessed the sustainable development status of the LP. Moreover, drawing from a 3C system approach (classification–coordination–collaboration), this research proposed the sustainable development strategies for more sustainable LP. We found that the LP's ecological restoration and economic development made remarkable achievements since 2000. However, the environment was still fragile and regional development was still lagging behind. In realizing SDGs, further improvements on clean water and sanitation, decent work and economic growth, industry, innovation and infrastructure, reduced inequalities, and climate action are needed. Coordinated and collaborated efforts are expected from multiple hierarchical levels including household, watershed, region, and nation in developing LP. Specifically, human-environment interactions should be highlighted at the household level, upstream-downstream interactions that are catering to the particular characteristics of the LP is encouraged at the watershed level, and regional and urban-rural interactions shall play an increasingly important role at the regional level. While at the national level, the central government should carry out a systematic overarching design. To better realize the goal of more sustainable LP, this research calls for (1) forming an actor-network consists of multi stakeholders, including the central government, local government, watershed, families, ecosystem and environment, enterprises, NGOs, and scientists, and (2) paying attention to ecosystem management, ecological restoration, industrial structure optimization, ecological agriculture, rural infrastructure, and ecological civilization construction in the future development.

Game behavior among multi stakeholders in the process of haze control*

The contradiction between economic development and pollution control is becoming increasingly prominent, which is a huge problem that China’s economic development transformation must face and solve at this stage. Among them, the governance of haze is the crux because of its great impact on health. The game behavior of haze governance involves many subjects. After considering the specific situation of the game in reality, this paper constructs a mixed strategy model of multi stakeholders, including the central government, local government, enterprises and the public. In addition to the direct participation of local governments and enterprises in the game, the central government and the public indirectly participate in the final game results through supervision and public opinion. Based on the analysis of the game results, in order to better control the haze and achieve green development, enterprises should strengthen environmental self-discipline, local government and central government should cooperate effectively, and the public should actively participate in it to form a strong influence of public opinion.

Multi stakeholders of health and industries perspectives on medicine price transparency initiative in private health care settings in Malaysia

IntroductionMedicine price transparency initiatives provide public or government on information about the product's prices and the components that may influence the prices, such as volume and product quality. In Malaysia, medicine price transparency has become part of the government's strategies in ensuring adequate, continuous and equitable access to quality, safe, effective and affordable medicines. Since the effect of medicine price transparency depend critically on how prices are presented, this study aims to evaluate the stakeholders' perspective of medicine price transparency practice in the private healthcare system in Malaysia. MethodsThis study was conducted as face-to-face, semi-structured interview. Respondents from private pharmaceutical industries, community pharmacists, general practitioners, private hospital pharmacists, governments, academicians and senior pharmacist were recruited using purposive sampling. Using phenomenological study approach, interviews were conducted, and audio recorded with their consent. Data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis with Atlas.ti 8 software and categorised as strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT). ResultsA total of 28 respondents were interviewed. There was a mixed perception regarding the price transparency implementation in Malaysia's private healthcare settings. The potential strengths include it will provide price standardization, reduce price manipulation and competition, hence allowing the industry players to focus more on patient-care services. Moreover, the private stakeholders were concerned that the practice may affect stakeholders' business and marketing strategy, reduce profit margin, increase general practitioner's consultation fees and causing impact on geographical discrepancies. The practice was viewed as an opportunity to disseminate the truth price information to consumer and strengthen collaboration between healthcare industries and Ministry of Health although this may become a threat that affect the business survival. ConclusionPrice transparency initiatives would benefit the pharmaceutical industries, consumer and countries, but it needs to be implemented appropriately to prevent price manipulation, market monopoly, and business closure. Future study may want to evaluate the impact of the initiatives on the business in the industry.

Comprehensive Intervention Improves Linear Growth and Weight Status in Children Under Five Years of Age in Surat City: Results from a Cluster Randomized Trial

Abstract Objectives The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of a public private multi-stake holders comprehensive intervention on the linear growth, and weight status among children 0–59 mo. Methods A cluster randomized efficacy trial of a public private multi-stake holders comprehensive intervention package designed for Anganwadi centers (n = 20, 10 experimental (E) and 10 control (C) centers, including 679 children aged 0–5 y) of the Government run ICDS program was conducted in Western India in Surat city, Gujarat, (October, 2016 -January, 2018). The intervention package included additional 100 ml milk supplementation, health education, infrastructure development and upgradation of anganwadis including pediatrician's visits as compared to only routine government activities in the control anganwadis for a period of 1 year. Data on anthropometry, demographics, household characteristics, child morbidity, feeding practices and community facilities were collected and analyzed using WHO Anthro software and SPSS version 20. Results Of the 368 only 86.9% E and 311 (74.0%, C) participants completed the study after 1 year. Children in intervention arm had lower maternal education, and poorer anthropometry status at baseline but were similar in age and household incomes. In models adjusted for maternal education, conditional on random effects, the intervention improved HAZ by 0.85 (95% CI: 0.62, 1.08), WHZ by 0.53 (95% CI: 0.33, 0.74), and MUACZ by 0.30 (95% CI: 0.19, 0.42) at 14 mo. Conclusions Comprehensive intervention packages for Anganwadis can potentially improve growth outcomes in Indian children 0–59 mo on successful implementation. Funding Sources Rotary Club, District 3060 and Surat Municipal Corporation.

The ASEAN’s Responses to COVID-19: A Policy Sciences Analysis

The World Health Organisation (WHO) announced the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) it as a pandemic on March 11th, 2020. The pandemic has brought havoc globally as more than 190 countries and territories are affected as of 30 April 2030. The crisis suggests that no country can deal with the pandemic alone. International cooperation including regional cooperation is essential for any country to survive. We are particularly interested in Association of South East Asian Nation (ASEAN) cooperation and performance under COVID-19 because it has been one of the regions where regional cooperation on health security has been functioning based on lessons from SARS 2003 and H1N1 2009. The “One Vision, One Identity, One Community” of ASEAN has merits under COVID-19 response but remains invisible. The method encompasses analysis of published materials issued by and accessible from the ASEAN website, complemented with analysis for media articles including social media, supported by published academic journal articles. All of the authors have expertise on ASEAN policies in the field of health, disasters, and regional policy and planning. Some authors have also worked from various international organisations working on issues related to the ASEAN region. This paper aims to document and analyse how ASEAN member states respond to COVID-19. It asks how to cooperate under the One-ASEAN-One Response framework. This paper also compares the 10 member states’ policy responses from January to April 2020. We utilise the framework of policy sciences to analyse the responses. We found that the early regional response was slow and lack of unity (January - February 2020). Extensive early measures taken by each member state are the key to the success to curb the spread of the virus. Although, during March and April 2020, ASEAN has reconvened and utilised its existing health regional mechanism to try to have a coherent response to the impacts. Strengthening future collaboration should be implemented by recognizing that there is a more coherent, multi sectoral, multi stakeholders and whole-of-ASEAN Community approach in ensuring ASEAN’s timely and effective response to the pandemic.

Utilization of timber harvesting residues for wood pellet production: A green strategy to improve timber concession’s profitability

Production forests, which cover 70 million Ha or more than half of total Indonesia’s forest, should be actively managed in a sustainable way to avoid dangers of deforestation of tropical rain forests. A decreasing trend of numbers of operating timber concessions has been observed because of low profitability and supply issues. In an effort to reverse this tide, we conducted a comprehensive study by reviewing existing literature, analyzing financial details from six concessions and their three parent companies, and organizing workshop with multi stakeholders to improve the profitability of logging concessions through logging waste utilization for wood pellet production. Our study showed that timber harvesting waste utilization for wood pellet production is an attractive strategy to enhance profitability of timber concession because of supply availability, cost efficiency, and promising market for sustainable wood pellets in Japan. The waste wood is valuable but wasted resource, as 2.5 to 1 is the ratio of wood waste left behind to that of high value logs removed from the forest. In East Kalimantan, we estimated that the cost for wood pellet production, which corresponds to labor and equipment needed to remove and transport waste wood3, to be IDR 327, 250/m3 or USD 25 per m3. Further, we calculated that by selling the logging waste for the wood pellet production at the price of USD 37, a typical-sized concession of 50, 000 m3 annual timber production could make a profit of USD 570, 000 per year instead of losing USD 60, 000 under the current financial situation of the concession. This business is recommended for timber concessions with medium road hauls and less dependence on narrow, turbulent sections of rivers for rafting. Large-scale implementation of this strategy will be preceded by conducting a pilot project as a collaborative effort between The Nature Conservancy/Yayasan Konservasi Alam Nusantara and Indonesia Ministry of Environment and Forestry.

Multi Stakeholders Partnership in the Sustainable Indonesian Palm Oil Industry: Study Case Multi Stakeholders Partnership FOKSBI

As a major palm oil producer in the world, Indonesia has the duty to improve and upgrade the sustainably operational standards and pro-environment palm oil industry in accordance with the global sustainable development agenda. This is important, considering the strategic economic value of the Indonesian palm oil industry for national development and its potential strength of political economy at the international level. Critics from the international community regarding unsustainable palm oil practices, environmental degradation, deforestation, and the lack of regulation, become motivation for all stakeholders to improve Indonesian palm oil industry in all sectors and to strengthen its position at the global level. In order to move towards the spirit and ideals, the Indonesian palm oil industry adopted a governance model through a multi stakeholder partnership (MSP) FOKSBI and Indonesia Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO). The way this Governance model provide solutions to problems and challenges of the Indonesian palm oil industry is analyzed by understanding the concept of Multi Stakeholders Partnership. Multi stakeholders partnership is able to figure out a complicated issue in the Indonesian palm oil industry since it has a characteristic of involving various actors such as government, private sectors, civil society, and international organization which can strengthen commitment and modalities of all the stakeholders in achieving common goals. Thus, coordination and sharing burden will be more directed, equal, and in accordance with their respective advantages. This study uses a qualitative method with the MSP FOKSBI case study in the Indonesian palm oil industry. The result of the study indicates that the MSP FOKSBI and ISPO have a significant part in improving the Indonesian palm oil industry, especially the fundamental transformational change towards a sustainable Indonesian palm oil industry.

PERAN DAN KOORDINASI LEMBAGA LINTAS SEKTORAL DALAM KONSERVASI SUMBERDAYA AIR (STUDI KASUS DAS GUMBASA KABUPATEN DONGGALA PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGAH)

Watershed management consists of multi stakeholders. Therefore, institutional aspect for regulating interaction among stakeholders is very important to be taken into consideration in watershed management. Watershed management will only be efficient if institutional aspect functioning in harmony. Objective of this research is to study role and coordination of cross sectoral government institutions in management of water resource conservation. In this research five elements of water resource conservation were analized, there are: 1) involved organizations, 2) related regulations, 3) management function performance (planning, execution, and controlling), 4) coordination aspect, and 5) priority instrument. Each of those elements was sub-divided into sub-elements according to analysis model used in this research. Two models were used in this analysis. Those are Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Base on the analysis it is concluded that Big Agency of Lore Lindu National Park (BBTNLL), Agency of Watershed Management (BPDAS) Palu-Poso, and Forestry and Plantation Service of Donggala Regency were the most influential organizations in planning, execution, and controlling water resources conservation. Role of those organizations in the management activities were mainly regulated in the respective regulations. Coordination among acting organization is still weak due so the sectoral-ego and lack of qualified human resources.

Technology Transfer from Public Research Institute to Community: A Case Study

<p>Public funded research and development (R&D) institutes need to play a more active role in maximizing the utilization of their innovation/research results. One of the benefits of R&D innovation result is in the form of economic, social, environmental and cultural benefits for the improvement of human quality of life. Drawing from evidence of the case studies of R&D projects at Public Research Institute ‘A’ in Indonesia, we examined the technology transfer mechanisms into practical applications of the community. The mixed-method with good blend of qualitative and quantitative analysis is used in the case study. The case study demonstrates that there are five types of mechanisms for the technology transfer in this institution namely: direct transfer, through cooperation and interaction with multi stakeholders, patent and licensing, document transfer, and dissemination activities. The success of technology transfer to community were demonstrated by the increased ability of SMEs and farmers to replicate the technologies, increased their production, enlarge their market as well as increased new knowledge, skills, productivity, fertility of their rice fields, and decreased the use of chemical fertilizers by 40% and increased their household’s income by average about 30%.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: technology transfer, public research institutes, communities, innovation</p>

The Case for Employee Board Level Representation in Ethiopian Corporate Governance System

The participation of workers in the management of companies brings benefits. Many European jurisdictions have recognized workers’ involvement in the management of firms in diverse forms and to varying degrees. The board level representation is believed to be the strongest of all the mechanisms. In some jurisdictions the laws require a full and legally mandated representation of employees in supervisory boards of the largest firms. Several other countries also have corporate laws that allow the representation of workers in a board room. As a result, a recent discourse in corporate governance deals with a multi stakeholders including the labour. However, the mainstream corporate governance discourse in Ethiopia is restricted to discussions mainly from the perspective of shareholders. By disregarding employees as stakeholders in corporate governance of their firms, Ethiopian laws stand in a sharp contrast to the approach of corporate governance that allows a board level representation of firms’ workers. This article shall, by examining experiences of some European jurisdictions and analyzing the relevant Ethiopian legislations, questions whether Ethiopia's prohibition of board level employee representation in corporate governance of share companies is justified. It also inquires whether the European style of employee board level participation is feasible in Ethiopia or an alternative (practical) style of employees’ board level participation should be crafted. Keywords : Corporate governance, board structure, employee representation, Ethiopia DOI : 10.7176/JLPG/84-02 Publication date : April 30 th 2019

Local Level Decentralization in Ethiopia: Case Study of Tigray Regional State

AbstractBased on the literature on decentralization, this article investigates the institutional arrangement and autonomy of local governments in Tigray Regional state. It is based on two rounds of field work covering nine districts. At a formal level, local governments are autonomous units with some defined mandates including power to decide on policy issues. In reality however, local governments in the study area act more as deconcentrated than as autonomous units since their autonomy is curtailed by higher level governments and party structures. Local governments are thus extension arms of the regional state with little autonomy of their own. Institutions such as elected councils, mayors and the executive exist at the local level but there is more vertical than horizontal accountability. As a result, local Councils have not been able to ensure accountability. Thus decentralization has not resulted in popular control of local governance and local-level development as interests of the party and the local political elite prevail over popular interests. The article calls for rethinking the design of local government that would constitute a local government deal that shifts decision-making away from higher level institutions to the local level, constituting multi-stake holders having control over the affairs of local government.

Management and Evaluation of Communication and Coordination Practices among Multi Stakeholders in Complex Engineering Projects in Pakistan

The aim of this study is to investigate the management and evaluation of communication and coordination practices among multi stakeholders in complex engineering projects in Pakistan. The methodology of this study is based on questionnaire to calculate the vested interest–impact index (ViII), Position (Pos), Attributes (A), Shareholder Impact Index (SII), Normalize score of SII and ranking of normalize score of SII. In addition, this study also used the Stakeholder Impact/Probability matrix. There are 44 questions asked from 132 respondents. The result reveal that different stakeholders showed interests in construction projects, however, every stakeholder had their own agenda and interest which create a conflict. Stakeholders' impact index and probability impact matrix approach for assessment of current practice and their requirements for coordination and communication have been used. Study also represents the class and position of stakeholders during both phases. As per results, land owners have high and positive impact on complex projects throughout the project life cycle followed by local community/residents, media, institutional forces and politicians. The politicians have highest positive impact on complex projects followed by consultant, main contractor and government agencies. Efficient communication and coordination is required with low impact stakeholders for minimizing their influence. It is observed that the high value of ViII will lead to higher value of SII and normalize score of project’s PP and EP. The top five stakeholders are clients, consultants, main contractors, sub-contractors and government agencies in project’s planning and execution phase. The shareholder impact analysis also provides suggestions to project managers in developing and evaluating the stakeholder management process. The proposed study is first approach towards communication and coordination management in construction. Overall, the results show that since there is no contractual binding between external stakeholders and project sponsors, they face the maximum communication gap. There is no proper mean to establish coordination and communication among external stakeholders throughout the project.

Using concept mapping to identify policy options and interventions towards people-centred health care services: a multi stakeholders perspective

BackgroundPeople-centred health care (PCC) services are identified by the WHO as important building blocks towards universal health coverage. In 2016 the WHO formulated a comprehensive framework on integrated PCC services based on an international expert consultation. Yet, expert opinions may fail to recognize the needs of all health system stakeholders. Therefore, a consultation method that includes the health workforce and laypersons, can be instrumental to elaborate this framework more in-depth. This research sought to identify participants’ perspectives on policy options and interventions to achieve people-centred health care services from a multi stakeholder perspective.MethodsStudy participants, both laypersons and health professionals, were recruited in Belgium. A total of 53 participants engaged in one of the seven concept mapping workshops. In this workshop the concept mapping methodology developed by Trochim, a highly structured qualitative group method for brainstorming and idea sharing, was used to generate and structure participants´ perspectives on what is needed to achieve PCC services. The method was validated using the WHO framework.ResultsThe seven workshops together resulted in 452 different statements that were structured in a framework forming 35 clusters and four overarching domains. The four domains with their most prominent clusters were: (1) governance & policy with intersectoral health policies and affordable health for all; (2) health workforce with excellent communication skills, appreciation of health literacy challenges and respectful attitude based on cultural self-awareness; (3) integrated health services with a greater emphasis on prevention, health promotion and the availability of health education and (4) patient, person and community empowerment and participation with support for informal care, promotion of a healthy lifestyle and contextualised health education. Additionally, this study generated ideas that fitted into every single approach described in the WHO framework.Discussion and conclusionThis study shows that in order to achieve PCC a participative approach involving all stakeholders at all levels is needed. The concept mapping process is one of these approaches that brings together diverse stakeholders and foments their egalitarian and respectful participation. The framework that resulted from this study can inform future debate regarding planning, implementation and monitoring of PCC.

Recognition of Local Authority for Better Management of Drinking Water at the Langat River Basin, Malaysia

Integrated Langat River Basin Management lacks appropriate leadership of appropriate agency due to the conflict among jurisdictions since Langat River drains through three different constituency. Meanwhile, pollution of the river and frequent shutdown incidents of water treatment plants in the basin are evident due to both point and non-point sources of pollutions. Moreover, the statistically significant trend of annual rainfall (2005-2016) and temperature (2005-2016) in the basin clearly indicates the impact of climate change because of uncertain rainfall and temperature patterns. Flood incidents (2004-2016) within the basin in comparison with the rainfall and temperature also indicate short duration heavy rainfall at local level to enhance the pollution of the river. Contrary, the review of literature and informal interviews with the public, private and civil sectors highlight the attitude problem of the stakeholders along lack of leadership of LUAS in managing the river and drinking water in the basin. Therefore, the ‘proactive’ leadership of Local Authority under the Local Government Act 1976 could be successful to coordinate with stakeholders through multi stakeholders’ platform and several stages of quality control and quality assurance to manage water resources. The study suggests a new Langat Basin Management Authority under the Local Authority leadership as well as a Two-Layer water filtration technology in basin management. Henceforth, implementing the recommendations will facilitate Malaysia to achieve SDGs 2030 and National Transformation 2050 within the stipulated timeframe.

Bargaining Model of Synergistic Revenue Allocation for the Joint Operations of a Multi-Stakeholder Cascade Reservoir System

Given the institutional limitations of multi-stakeholders, exploring the synergistic revenue from the joint reservoir operations of a multi-stakeholder multi-reservoir system requires a synergistic revenue allocation mechanism to ensure a beneficial solution for multi stakeholders. This study established a synergistic revenue allocation model using bargaining game theory under the principles of equity, rationality, and efficiency. For the maximization the Nash product of gains in the utility of stakeholders and constraints on the feasibility of allocation plans considering all the possible formations of sub-coalitions, the analytic optimal solution of the bargaining model was derived using the first-order optimality condition. The optimal revenue allocation plan meets the conditions of the equal quasi-marginal utility function among stakeholders. The methodologies were applied to a hypothetical cascade reservoir system operated by multiple stakeholders. Compared with the revenue allocation plans obtained by a proportional rule method and the Shapley value method, the results corroborate that (1) the allocation plan of the bargaining model is jointly determined by the interval of the revenue range of each reservoir and the effectiveness of the sub-coalition constraints, indicating that the allocated synergistic revenue is positively correlated with the singleton contribution and team contribution on the total revenue of the grand coalition; (2) the difference in the plans obtained by the three methods is generally determined by the difference in equity definition; and (3) the synergistic revenue allocation plan obtained from the bargaining model is the highest homogenized among all reservoirs (stakeholders), which demonstrates that the revenue of those dominated stakeholders can be improved compared with other plans. The proposed methodologies provide new insights to guide benefit share decisions in multi-stakeholder reservoirs system.

Assessing PSS from a multi stakeholders’ perspective: the application of the EVA method in the airport context

Recent economic developments and the spread of technology are pushing companies toward the provision of complex and innovative Product-Service System (PSS). On the other side, information and communication technologies are enabling the identification of a plethora of PSSs characterized by different levels of integration among products, services and infrastructure. In this context, many companies are experimenting difficulties in selecting the proper PSS to be developed, that is the one that concurrently considers the needs of multiple stakeholders and a good engagement of them in the value creation and engineering process. This paper exploits the Engineering Value Assessment (EVA) method to support the evaluation and the assessment of PSS solutions in a B2C context where the management of multiple stakeholders’ perspectives is of utmost relevance. To demonstrate the EVA method applicability, the airport context was selected as an example of system complexity since it involves manifold actors: passengers, airport and airlines. Four different PSSs for the self-drop bag were identified and further analyzed through the EVA method in order to identify which is the best one to be adopted in the studied airport in the north of Italy considering the preferences of the three actors: the passengers, the airport and the airlines.