Abstract
Forest fire was a persistent concern management in conservation areas of Mount Ciremai National Park (MCNP) and Kuningan Botanical Garden (KBG). Many of the forest fire was sparked by anthropogenic ignitions like careless fire use for extracting forest honey. This study aims to map multi stakeholder roles on fire management in conservation areas. Twenty-seven actors were interviewed to learn who are the fire actors and network. These multi stakeholders included government officials, local businessmen, non-governmental organizations and community members. Study site and data collection were carried out in seven villages around conservation areas from July to September 2019. The relationships between the actors were analyzed with the software Node XL Basic and Gephi 9.0.2 using the Social Network Analysis. Our results identify close relationships and strong connections to all actors of more than half (63.2%) but social or personal approach between all actors were still required. Head of MCNP, Head of KBG and Head of AKAR (Aktivitas Anak Rimba) acted as the important actors. To prevent the area from further fire occurrences, management authorities should establish mutual confidence and make other actors believe that heads of conservation areas are a solid team to prevent conservation areas from burning.
Highlights
Fire is one of the most frequent disturbance in Indonesian conservation areas, during the dry season (Whitmore, 1988; Purnomo et al, 2017)
This study analyzed the occurrence of fire in Mount Ciremai National Park (MCNP) and Kuningan Botanical Garden (KBG) conservation areas since 2012 to 2018 (Figure 4)
There are 54 villages in 12 sub-districts in 2 regencies (Kuningan and Majalengka) across two conservation areas but the disaster of fire occurred almost at the same location in seven villages. This close together of location of these villages could be an effective strategy to search for social structures and recognize the roles of multi stakeholder institutions across conservation areas
Summary
Fire is one of the most frequent disturbance in Indonesian conservation areas, during the dry season (Whitmore, 1988; Purnomo et al, 2017). The main cause of Indonesia's forest fires is the close link between poverty and fire at the village next to conservation area (Edwards et al, 2020). Forest fires in Australia caused 28 people to die and 3000 homes were destroyed or damaged from July 2019 to January 2020 (Yeung, 2020). Fires have recurred in the Mount Ciremai National Park (MCNP) and Kamojang Crater Nature Reserve (KKNR) conservation areas in Java, Indonesia, causing ecological and economic losses. Significant losses and the negative impacts of forest fires would elicit strong and severe reaction from Indonesian policymakers (Panjaitan et al, 2019). Local community participation has become one of the alternative solutions to fire danger in Australia and Switzerland, but more support and hard work is still needed to win community to mitigate the fire (Eckerberg & Buizer, 2017)
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