Multilevel Connection Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF URBAN SPACE IS THE FIRST STEP FOR FORMING A MODERN CITY

The analysis of the urban space is the first stage in the formation of a systemic understanding and creation of a more comfortable modern city. Historically, “city creation” occurs in accordance with the conditions and principles that exist at the time when the city was formed. Therefore, analyzing the existing structure of urban planning of territories, new parameters and characteristics are introduced, which should fully reflect the quality of urban space for its inhabitants in the current state. The analysis of urban space makes it possible to solve a specific problem or reorganize the urban structure to solve it. Therefore, the search for effective qualitative and quantitative models of analysis of the urban environment is an urgent task today. New methodologies and approaches to urban area analysis are emerging to fully explore this issue. A comprehensive analysis of the urban environment should take place in accordance with the morphology of the city, ie the study of the city through its perception by residents. In the beginning, it is necessary to consider the city as the interaction of its inhabitants with the physical space. The inhabitants of this city define the urban space and its function. This is the main indicator for further analysis and identification of the necessary characteristics in relation to space. The territory needs to be assessed, not only when significant changes are needed in the space for urban needs. A comprehensive analysis of the territory should be carried out with the accepted frequency, because the city is a dynamic system that changes the urban environment every day.
 Urban space is a system with multilevel connections that work together with each other, so the approach to a comprehensive assessment of urban space can not be simplified.

ЭЛЕМЕНТЫ СЮЖЕТА И МОТИВЫ РОМАНА «ЧЕВЕНГУР» В РАССКАЗЕ ПЛАТОНОВА «РЕКА ПОТУДАНЬ»

The relevance of the article is determined by the researcher of the semantic poetics of Platonov’s story “Potudan River”. We carry out an analytical review of the lifetime criticism and articles of modern researchers about the story, on the basis of which we formulate the purpose of the study, due to the need for a new approach to the interpretation of the work and the identification of the principles of its poetics. The novelty of the article is determined by the identification of the multilayered symbolism of the title of the story, which allows to establish the insufficiency of the conclusions that the content of the “Potudan River” is limited to the family theme. At the level of micropoetics we reveal symbolic details that connect the content of the story with the motive of love for the distant, medical and construction subjects and revealing the planetary scale of the author’s thinking. For the first time, it was established that Platonov’s story “Potudan River” was written based on part of the plot of the novel “Chevengur” – the love story of Alexander Dvanov and Sonya Mandrova. We show that the heroes of the story “Potudan River” Nikita Firsov, Lyuba Kuznetsova and Nikita’s father are doubles of the characters in the novel “Chevengur” by Sasha Dvanov, Sonya Mandrova, and Zakhar Pavlovich. The connection of the image of Lyuba with the archetype of the bride is considered. The paper reveals for the first time the intertextual connections of the story “Potudan River” with the poem “The Bronze Horseman” and the novel in verse “Eugene Onegin” by A. Pushkin, in the texts of which the writer found material for modeling the ordinary fate of the hero. Multi-level connections of the content of the story “Potudan River” with Platonov’s artistic world, which is a complete metatext, are found, which opens up new opportunities for determining the role of the editing technique and the principles of returning to the plots and motives of the works of the 1920s, as well as their transformation in the writer’s work of the 1930s.

A Comprehensive Model of Teaching Digital Design in Architecture that Incorporates Sustainability

Digital technology and its use in architecture support the construction industry in transitioning to more sustainable building development. Digital technology is widely taught in architecture programs in China, but there are few consistent strategies for combining digital architectural design with traditional architectural design in architectural education. Consequently, sustainable design concepts are not included in digital architectural design courses, and thus architectural education is not concerned with sustainable development. In this paper, we focus on the teaching of digital design in architecture and investigate how digital architectural design teaching can incorporate sustainability. Data from 15 universities were qualitatively analyzed, leading to the development of four models of teaching digital architectural design. Development of the models revealed that there are three increasing levels in digital architectural design teaching and that there is a close relationship between the teaching level and the transfer of architectural knowledge. This recognition led to the development of a single comprehensive model of digital architectural design teaching that is universally applicable. This research increases our understanding of digital architectural design teaching in architecture programs and strengthens the multi-level connections between digital architectural design teaching and designing and constructing sustainable built objects.

Ограничение как творческий принцип в вокальном цикле Ханса Абрахамсена «Let me tell you»

The article focuses its attention on the vocal cycle “Let me tell you” (2013) by Danish composer Hans Abrahamsen composed on texts from the novel with the same title by Paul Griffiths. The composition is examined through the prism of a special type of artistic principle initiated by the Oulipian strategy of the writer, who constrained the verbal space of his book to the 483 words pronounced by Ophelia in Shakespeare’s “Hamlet.” The technique of “formal constraints” turned out to be accordant to the composer’s poetics. The work makes study of the multilevel connections between text and music and discloses the particularities of the composition’s dramaturgy. Special attention is focused on analysis of the musical material, the compositional structure and the technique. The cycle shows the synthesis of historical and contemporary compositional techniques, the former including the turn to the concitato style and to the traditions of the cantus firmus technique, and the latter including the techniques of repetition, addition and subtraction. The effects of the principle of formal constraint are traced in their reliance on the use of a set of chosen intervals (octaves, fifths and major thirds in songs Nos. 1, 4 and 6), organizing the composition on one single melodic model, as expressed by a descending hexachord, in the application of palindromic constructions and the use of numerical sets. During the course of the analysis the intonational-thematic connection between the different numbers of the cycle is disclosed, it is demonstrated how the combination and transformation of the initial material takes place, a semantic interpretation of the structural conversions, and parallels are brought in with experiments in the field of literature. Keywords: 21st century music, Hans Abrahamsen, Paul Griffiths, “Let me tell you,” OuLiPo, formal constraints, addition, subtraction.

Flows in formation: The global-urban networks of climate change adaptation

As climate change threats to urban centres become more alarming, cities are proposing ambitious plans to adapt to climate impacts. These plans are increasingly subsumed within urban development projects, and embedded in global flows of capital and networks of environmental governance and planning. And yet, scholarship on urban adaptation has tended to approach the city as an analytically bounded territory, neglecting interconnections across space and processes of globalisation, urbanisation, and geopolitics. This paper extends theories of relational geographies to explore the emerging conditions of urban adaptation in the context of climate change and globalised urban development. Focusing on the global links of Dutch water expertise, and tracing relationships within and between Rotterdam, New York, and Jakarta, it illustrates the formation of global-urban networks – the multiscalar, multilevel connections through which capital, knowledge, and influence flow. It probes the ways in which these networks emerge to mobilise ideas and influence across geographical scales and political boundaries, driven and defined by interrelated factors including economic relationships, historically defined situational relationships, and interface conditions including narratives of culture and environmental urgency. The paper introduces the concept of ‘network formation’ to see and understand such interconnected, relational processes. It explains the spatial and temporal interconnections within and across sites, and the relationships between urban spatial projects and broader political economies and ecologies. The paper asserts the importance of conceptualising the relationships and interfaces of increasingly mobile and interconnected urban environmental futures.

Cultural Economy for the Environmental Preservation of the Landscape as a Key Resource in Historic Territories

Sustainable production besides economic, energetic, and environmental aspects should consider social and cultural features of the territory in which it relies. This occurs above all for agriculture that is intrinsically related to the territory. Today, the territory as a landscape represents a complex eco-system (subjects, communities, traditions, cultures, and specific agricultural systems) and a valuable vehicle for art and history and it is also a strategic asset to defend and promote with environmental policies. The topic of urban preservation and regeneration has been increasing by opening up to other factors such as the engagement of local communities and the contribution they can give toward the development of the identity and the symbolic universe of every community especially for historic territories. The main research question of this study is: Can historic territories be described as the landscape of a complex eco-system able to support a new cultural policy? In addition, which type of connections between physical resources and the virtual-cultural ones of that landscape are strategic assets for promoting historic territories? This theoretical manuscript is oriented toward improving territorial policies. In more details, it tries to develop a new model to reach a “global community of creativity” as a bridge between the networks of historic territories, which is meant as roots of variety to transfer to future generations, and between local and global quality in an emergent landscape. In order to reach this new model, the local community and ecosystem capabilities require a multi-level connection among both art, science, and culture as well as nature, technology, and civic capability. The result is that the new model is able to share common goods, which are both internal and external. Following this path, it is urgent to develop policies in an emergent perspective that are able to combine artistic, ecological, environmental, and cultural assets. In particular, the goals are to: (i) explore the complex value of territorial contexts that develop/evolve from both a medium-term and long-term point of view that is not described by Gross Domestic Product (GDP) standard indicators, (ii) reach the suggestion of a continuous re-articulation of sectors of knowledge proposed by cultural resources, and (iii) highlight that cultural marketing is involved in the interpretation and transmission within a large network of participants, users, institutions, markets, virtual, and territorial places. The starting point is identified as the landscape of historic territory, but an important achievement will be to transfer the main results to other territories by studying specific case histories of urban and non-urban landscapes.

Converging Precincts: Sociology and Sherlock Holmes

The article using literary texts attempts to draw similarities in the trajectories of emergences and concerns of the 19th-century sociology and crime/detection fiction represented in particular by Arthur Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes. It attempts to contextualise the conditions of emergences, common intellectual moorings and their negotiations with similar themes in the domain of modern rational science discourse and tenet, where everything was to be open to query and testing. The article proposes that the shared intellectual inspirations in science and reason, the engagements with positivism-empiricism and redressal of the disorder and anxiety that European society experienced at the time show that there are multi-level connections between the detective stories and science of society.

Multilevel Connection as a Pathway to Healing in a Low-income South African Community

Combined forces of colonialism, tribalism and apartheid were influential, powerful and controlling legislators behind the continued cycle of violence in South Africa. The capacity for healing in the face of ongoing adversity has received growing attention in contexts of historical trauma and the developing world where an understanding of the cultural and historical past is crucial to healing. Notwithstanding, the parallel significance of multilevel and multidimensional connection as central to the process of healing trauma individually and collectively within the context of ongoing violence requires further exploration. This qualitative narrative study consisted of 18 in-depth individual interviews and two follow-up focus groups with women lay counsellors. Women’s narratives were subjected to narrative analysis. Themes reflect counsellors’ healing journeys in the context of historical and continuous trauma and demonstrate elements of connection which facilitate or hinder the process of healing in this community. Findings suggest that participants viewed the worth of multilevel connection to their internal worlds and the world around them as critical to their healing—without the element of connection, healing does not occur and the cycle of disconnection and violence continues.

Abstract Expressionists and Brain Disease.

Visual art is one of the means of non-verbal communication that bypasses cultural, societal, language and, more importantly, time differences. It allows for establishing a multilevel connection between the artist and art receiver. Production of visual art is a form of expression of emotions. Art reception involves the initiation of a cascade of emotions and thoughts based on visual input. One of the ways to express artistic content is through abstraction. Abstract visual art is based on portraying elements that do not represent any real, objective shapes, with the means of lines, colours, tones and texture. Abstract expressionism is a form of abstract art infused with strong emotional and expressive content. The combination of expression of emotions in abstraction requires almost direct translation between neuronal function and artistic output without using formal shapes or references as means of communication. That is why it is very interesting to look at the artistic output in abstract expressionists with neurological disorders affecting the brain. Here, we review several key abstract expressionists, including James Brooks, Agnes Martin and Willem de Kooning, and their artistic production in the context of brain disease.

FUZZY PRODUCTION MODEL OF URBAN PUBLIC PASSENGER TRANSPORT SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

The structure of unclear production model of steady development of urban public passenger transport, which is based on the selection of risk factors, estimation of the character of its multilevel connections within the limits of a single transport space, has been worked out. The fuzzy production rules of forming the risks of constancy are presented from the perspective of influence on the municipal environment

Multi-Level Integration of Environmentally Perturbed Internal Phenotypes Reveals Key Points of Connectivity between Them.

The genotype and external phenotype of organisms are linked by so-called internal phenotypes which are influenced by environmental conditions. In this study, we used five existing -omics datasets representing five different layers of internal phenotypes, which were simultaneously measured in dietarily perturbed mice. We performed 10 pair-wise correlation analyses verified with a null model built from randomized data. Subsequently, the inferred networks were merged and literature mined for co-occurrences of identified linked nodes. Densely connected internal phenotypes emerged. Forty-five nodes have links with all other data-types and we denote them “connectivity hubs.” In literature, we found proof of 6% of the 577 connections, suggesting a biological meaning for the observed correlations. The observed connectivities between metabolite and cytokines hubs showed higher numbers of literature hits as compared to the number of literature hits on the connectivities between the microbiota and gene expression internal phenotypes. We conclude that multi-level integrated networks may help to generate hypotheses and to design experiments aiming to further close the gap between genotype and phenotype. We describe and/or hypothesize on the biological relevance of four identified multi-level connectivity hubs.

The Multiscalar Nature of Urban Security and Public Safety: Crime Prevention from Local Policy to Policing in Lisbon (Portugal) and Memphis (the United States)

The article contributes to recent discussions on convergence/divergence of local policies for urban security and public safety amid globalization, exploring comparatively local approaches to crime prevention and explaining differences/similarities through multilevel connections. I analyze situational prevention, social policy, and proximity/community policing in two “not-so-global” metropolises: Lisbon, where security is the goal of a wide set of policies in many fields, and Memphis, where social problems have become security issues and policing the only game in town. Differing approaches are explained on the grounds of political traditions, neoliberalization of policy, and multilevel relations among polities. I discuss implications for the relation between policy and policing: Police attempts at social outreach amid coupling/decoupling of security with/from urban policy, and the “mission creep” of policing when it is expected to lead prevention. Conclusions advocate that policy reform is necessary at many levels to deal with the intersection of crime, retrenching welfare, and aggressive policing in U.S. cities such as Memphis.

Modelling and analysis of modular multilevel converter for solar photovoltaic applications to improve power quality

The design of control circuit for a solar fed cascaded multilevel inverter to reduce the number of semiconductor switches is presented in this study. The design includes `binary', `trinary' and `modified multilevel connection' (MMC)-based topologies suitable for varying input sources from solar photovoltaic's (PV). In binary mode, 2 Ns+1 - 1 output voltage levels are obtained where N s is the number of individual inverters. This is achieved by digital logic functions which includes counters, flip-flops and logic gates. In trinary mode, 3 Ns levels are achieved by corresponding look-up table. MMC intends design in both control and power circuits to provide corresponding output voltage levels by appropriate switching sequences. Hence to obtain a 15-level inverter, the conventional method requires 28 switches and in binary mode 12 switches are needed. In trinary mode with the same 12 switches, 27 levels can be obtained whereas in MMC only 7 switches are employed to achieve 15 levels. The advantage of these three designs is in the reduction of total harmonic distortion by increasing the levels. Simulations are carried out in MATLAB/Simulink and comparisons were made. All the three topologies are experimentally investigated for a 3 kWp solar PV plant and power quality indices were measured.

Systems pharmacology strategies for drug discovery and combination with applications to cardiovascular diseases

Ethnopharmacological relevanceMulti-target therapeutics is a promising paradigm for drug discovery which is expected to produce greater levels of efficacy with fewer adverse effects and toxicity than monotherapies. Medical herbs featuring multi-components and multi-targets may serve as valuable resources for network-based multi-target drug discovery. Materials and methodsIn this study, we report an integrated systems pharmacology platform for drug discovery and combination, with a typical example applied to herbal medicines in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. ResultsFirst, a disease-specific drug–target network was constructed and examined at systems level to capture the key disease-relevant biology for discovery of multi-targeted agents. Second, considering an integration of disease complexity and multilevel connectivity, a comprehensive database of literature-reported associations, chemicals and pharmacology for herbal medicines was designed. Third, a large-scale systematic analysis combining pharmacokinetics, chemogenomics, pharmacology and systems biology data through computational methods was performed and validated experimentally, which results in a superior output of information for systematic drug design strategies for complex diseases. ConclusionsThis strategy integrating different types of technologies is expected to help create new opportunities for drug discovery and combination.

Constructivist Views of Cooperation along the Border

Abstract The present essay makes an attempt to examine the sociocultural field with a constructivist approach, which gives an opportunity to interpret the concept of “border” in a discursive way. This approach emphasises the importance of the role of the ideas and values related to the creation and the development of cross-border regions. The essay places great emphasis on security and cultural communities that are necessary for cross-border cooperation and sustainable regionalism. According to constructivism, security means the communities are in a mutual multi-level connection and people try to avoid conflicts with dialogue, cooperation and socialization. A cultural community along a border is a community created by border societies whose members mutually influence each other. Because of these two aspects, a good neighbourly relation can develop along the border, which may have beneficial effects on the economy of the whole country

Logic based Pattern Discovery using the Integral Logical Derivative Rule

Problem Statement: To enhance the pattern discovery process, the multi-level proposional process work extends the pattern discovery process with coherent rule generation framework. The multi-level coherent rule structure produce rules coming from diverse levels and determine highest recurrent item sets at inferior level. The propositional logic process formed the multilevel connection rules from logical rules and utilizes bottom-up progressive extending technique. This method develops the effectiveness of rules with minimum support threshold but takes longer time. Approach: To overcome the above issue, we are going to implement a new technique termed Logic based pattern discovery using Integral Logical Derivative Rules (ILDR). This technique is used to efficiently produce the rule with the short span of time. Results: Performance of Integral Logical Derivative Rules technique to discover the logic based pattern is evaluated in terms of execution time, support threshold based on number of items and memory consumption for pattern discovery. Conclusion: Logical based pattern discovery considers the problem of minimum support threshold. An analytical and empirical result shows the lesser execution time with the efficient integral based pattern discovery of our proposed scheme.

Network Systems Biology for Drug Discovery

Systems biology provides a platform for integrating multiple components and interactions underlying cell, organ, and organism processes in health and disease. Beyond traditional approaches focused on individual molecules or pathways, bioinformatic network analysis of high-throughput data sets offers an opportunity for integration of biological complexity and multilevel connectivity. Emerging applications in rational drug discovery range from targeting and modeling disease-corrupted networks to screening chemical or ligand libraries to identification/validation of drug-target interactions for improved efficacy and safety.

Father-Friendly Policies and Time-Use Data in a Cross-National Context: Potential and Prospects for Future Research

In this article, the authors explore how data on the use of time might be used to investigate the multilevel connections between family-related policies and fathers' child care time in a cross-national context. The authors present a case study analysis of “fathering strategies” in which empirical findings from time-use data are compared with detailed policy information from Norway, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. These analyses show that time-use data can not only shed light on the effects of specific policies in different national contexts but also point to the need to consider the complexity of multiple policies and their adoption in specific national contexts across time. The authors describe the development of a cross-national, cross-time database that combines time-use data with relevant social and family policy information, with the aim of providing a multilevel research tool to those interested in exploring further the relationships between policy and family work.

A Combined Field Solution With Single Operator for Electromagnetic Scattering From Conductive Targets With Open Cavities

A combined field integral equation (CFIE) with single operator, which is named equalized CFIE (ECFIE) is presented for solving the electromagnetic scatterings from conducting targets with cavities on which surface both the electrical and magnetic currents exist simultaneously. In ECFIE, the different integral operators imposed on unknown electric and magnetic currents are simplified to a single one by properly choosing the coefficients in conventional CFIE. As a result, the computation complexity is dramatically reduced comparing with EFIE, MFIE, and conventional CFIE. Combined with multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) and connection scheme (CS), ECFIE is used to simulate the scattering from conducting objects with cavities. The numerical examples presented in this paper demonstrate the validity and high efficiency of this approach.