Multidimensional Poverty Research Articles

Can monetary poverty measurement detect multidimensionally deprived? Evidence from Egypt

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the mismatch between multidimensional deprivation and monetary poverty in identifying the poor in Egypt and investigates their determinants empirically.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses the Alkire-Foster multidimensional poverty measurement method using data from Egypt’s 2017/2018 Household Income, Expenditure and Consumption Survey (HIECS 2017/2018). Using a logistic regression model, the paper assesses the empirical relationship between multidimensional and monetary poverty and their determinants at the aggregate level and by dimension.FindingsThe paper demonstrates a significant mismatch between multidimensional and monetary poverty measures, underscoring their complementary nature. Statistics indicate that both measures overlap in classifying 35.81% of Egyptians, whereas monetary poverty ignores 63.12% of multidimensionally poor in at least one dimension. Regression estimates show a significant moderate negative association between expenditure per capita and multidimensional poverty and its dimensions. Moreover, they show that household head’s gender, age, education attainment, marital status, job proficiency, household size and location affect poverty mismatch and match in Egypt.Practical implicationsThis paper offers Egyptian policymakers the multidimensional poverty index that enables more efficient designing and targeting of poverty alleviation programs and assessing current poverty alleviation programs to modify them if needed.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to examine the mismatch between both poverty measures in Egypt, using the recent full data set of HIECS 2017/2018. This paper confirms that depending only on monetary measures can send inaccurate insights for crafting effective social policies. Also, it offers policymakers a comprehensive insight into the country’s poverty landscape, which enable more efficient design, targeting of poverty alleviation programs and monitoring their effectiveness.

A LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY: A CASE STUDY OF AIZAWL DISTRICT OF MIZORAM, INDIA

In this paper, we examine poverty in the state of Mizoram, India by taking the case of Aizawl district based on the method of Alkire-Foster counting approach. We also assess the determinants of such poverty using binary logistic regression model by considering household characteristics such as dependency ratio, age, education of the household head, household size and size of agricultural landholdings as explanatory variables. We found that 28.4 percent of the population is MPI poor (i.e. headcount ratio) with a 38.2 percent intensity of poverty (A). The overall MPI in the study area is 0.10. The findings of the study are very close to the findings of Alkire et.al (2015), who estimated the headcount ratio, intensity of poverty, and MPI to be 30.8 percent, 45.1 percent, and 0.139 respectively based on the National Family Health Survey-3 (NFHS-3). The estimated logistic regression also showed that the household size, dependency ratio, age of the household head, and education level of the household head were significant determinants of poverty in the study area. The findings of this study agree with those of previous studies such as Datt (1998) Al-Saleh (2000), Ajakaiye and Adeyeye, (2002), Osowole, Asif (2007), Babu, & Sanyal (2009), etc. However, the size of agricultural landholdings is not a significant determinant of multidimensional poverty in the study area, which is contrary to the findings of Hashmi, et.al. (2008) and Babu, et.al. (2019). KEYWORDS: Multidimensional Poverty, Alkire-Foster Method, Determinants of Poverty, Binary Logistic Regression.

Grid-Scale Poverty Assessment by Integrating High-Resolution Nighttime Light and Spatial Big Data—A Case Study in the Pearl River Delta

Poverty is a social issue of global concern. Although socioeconomic indicators can easily reflect poverty status, the coarse statistical scales and poor timeliness have limited their applications. While spatial big data with reasonable timeliness, easy access, and wide coverage can overcome such limitations, the integration of high-resolution nighttime light and spatial big data for assessing relative poverty is still limited. More importantly, few studies have provided poverty assessment results at a grid scale. Therefore, this study takes the Pearl River Delta, where there is a large disparity between the rich and the poor, as an example. We integrated Luojia 1-01, points of interest, and housing prices to construct a big data poverty index (BDPI). To evaluate the performance of the BDPI, we compared this new index with the traditional multidimensional poverty index (MPI), which builds upon socioeconomic indicators. The results show that the impoverished counties identified by the BDPI are highly similar to those identified by the MPI. In addition, both the BDPI and MPI gradually decrease from the center to the fringe of the study area. These two methods indicate that impoverished counties were mainly distributed in ZhaoQing, JiangMen and HuiZhou Cities, while there were also several impoverished parts in rapidly developing cities, such as CongHua and HuaDu Counties in GuangZhou City. The difference between the two poverty assessment results suggests that the MPI can effectively reveal the poverty status in old urban areas with convenient but obsolete infrastructures, whereas the BDPI is suitable for emerging-development areas that are rapidly developing but still lagging behind. Although BDPI and MPI share similar calculation procedures, there are substantial differences in the meaning and suitability of the methodology. Therefore, in areas lacking accurate socioeconomic statistics, the BDPI can effectively replace the MPI to achieve timely and fine-scale poverty assessment. Our proposed method could provide a reliable reference for formulating targeted poverty-alleviation policies.

The effects of agricultural commercialization on the multidimensional poverty of rural households: Evidence from China

AbstractBased on data from the China Family Panel Survey, this paper explores the impact of agricultural commercialization on household multidimensional poverty and its mechanism. The results show that agricultural commercialization has significantly reduced household multidimensional poverty, especially poverty in health and living standard. However, it may be that the income from commercialization has not all been converted into household multidimensional welfare, making the multidimensional poverty reduction effect of commercialization smaller than the income poverty reduction effect. Further research shows that a possible channel for agricultural commercialization to reduce multidimensional poverty is to improve farmers' ability to convert their endowments into earnings and consumption.

DECOMPOSING MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY: A CASE STUDY OF MAMIT DISTRICT, MIZORAM

Purpose: The study intends to examine the incidence and intensity of multidimensional poverty in Mamit District of Mizoram. Methodology: This study was based on primary data which was collected through a multi-stage stratified random sampling technique. At the first stage, Mamit District was selected solely based on socio-economic indicators for conducting the survey. The second stage involved random selection of 15 villages, five villages from each block. Requisite data were then collected randomly through structured questionnaires which was designed based on the requirement for computation of Multidimensional Poverty Index. From the collected data, the incidence of poverty (headcount ratio), the intensity of poverty and MPI were computed using Alkire-Foster Methodology. The study follows the Global MPI Brief Methodological Note, 2017 in the choice of dimensions, indicators, thresholds and weights assigned to each indicator. Results: From the result of the analysis, the multidimensional poverty in the study area is moderate. The incidence of poverty across the study area is ranging between 0.32 - 0.38 while the intensity of poverty shows slight differences with negligible margin ranging between 0.39-0.411. Decompositions by indicators show that the nutrition has surpassed all other indicators with 22 percent contribution to overall MPI of Mamit district followed by year of schooling with 15 percent. Applications of this study: The findings of the study can be based for formulation of government poverty reduction policies and can be used effectively in improving the existing poverty reduction strategies in the state. KEY WORDS: Multidimensional Poverty, Decomposition, Mamit District, Mizoram.

Wading out the storm: Exploring the effect of flooding on energy poverty amidst disaster management strategies in Dar es Salaam

Although flooding is well-thought-out as one of the deadliest natural disasters, there is scarce evidence on how such an environmental shock affect energy poverty prevelence in a developing country context amidst the implementation of disaster risk management strategies. Using the Disaster Poverty Household Survey in Tanzania’s capital Dar es Salaam, we examine the effect of flooding on multidimensional energy poverty while estimating the moderation effects of non-structural ex-ante risk management strategies. After employing a myriad of robust methods, we observe that flooding increases energy poverty prevalence by about 32 %. The mediation analysis shows that income reduction serves as a pathway through which flooding affects energy poverty. Furthermore, estimates from the interaction analysis reveal how effective fiscal non-structural ex-ante risk management methods are in reducing the incidence of energy poverty among flood victims. However, the defense strategies were noted to be inefficient. These results provide policymakers with the necessary tools to create policies that address energy-related needs in areas affected by natural disasters, especially in developing countries.

Dietary Patterns of Children from the Amazon Region of Ecuador: A Descriptive, Qualitative Investigation.

Many young children in Ecuador suffer from high rates of malnutrition and stunting that affect their long-term growth and development. Little is known about the dietary patterns of children from the Amazon region who experience some of the highest rates of stunting (height-for-age) within Ecuador. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 50 mothers of young children living in the Ecuadorian Amazon. In addition to descriptions of overall dietary patterns, three themes emerged from the interviews relating to strengths mothers have in feeding their children healthy diets: knowledge, autonomous and independent children, and supportive and responsive parenting. Five themes were found relating to barriers mothers have in feeding their children healthy diets. The first four themes concerned barriers (lack of knowledge of healthy foods, lack of access to healthy foods, not enough money, and child's health) related to multidimensional poverty. All these influenced the last theme found, namely, how difficult of an eater the child was. The implications of intervention efforts to reduce undernutrition and promote children's development by building on specific family and community strengths and identified barriers are also discussed in this paper.

Thinking of the children: Energy poverty and acute respiratory infections among young children in South Asia

Energy poverty has been extensively studied in the literature regarding its impact on physical, mental, and maternity health as well as the social well-being of adults. However, there is still a research gap in understanding how energy poverty specifically affects the health of young children under the age of five, particularly toward the occurrence of acute respiratory infections (ARIs). To address this gap, this paper aims to clarify the link between energy poverty and acute respiratory illness among young children in South Asia. We utilized data from five demographic and health surveys conducted between 2015 and 2018, encompassing 292,196 young children. Employing the multidimensional energy poverty index and principal component analysis, we assessed energy poverty at the household level, considering indicators such as lack of electricity, clean cooking fuels, indoor smoke, and lifestyle-sustaining devices. Applying multilevel logistic and probit instrumental variable regression models, this study revealed that multidimensional energy poverty significantly triggers the risk of ARI among young children. Specifically, a 1 % increase in energy poverty leads to a 48 % increase in the odds of developing ARI among young children in South Asian households. Furthermore, regional disparities in the impact of energy poverty on respiratory infections were identified. Our findings remain robust across different methods and measures of energy poverty. The findings of this research work have a significant policy implication for ensuring sustainable energy services to improve children's health, contributing to sustainable development goals 3 (good health and well-being) and 7 (affordable and clean energy).

Does Resettlement Settled the Poverty?Poverty Alleviation Resettlement Programme and Multidimensional Poverty in Rural China

Poverty Alleviation Resettlement is a key component of Chinas Five-Batch policy in Targeted Poverty Alleviation. This work introduces the history of the PAR programme in China and the current phase of work arrangement. It presents findings from the literature on internal and rural-urban migration in China and other countries as well as some of the experiences and problems faced by the previous poverty alleviation resettlement projects. In addition, it attempts to build a simple DiD model to determine the impact of participation in the PAR programmes on the multidimensional poverty status of the poor in China, taking subjective and objective factors into account. It finally illustrates some shortcomings of this research for future refinement.

Research on the Deconstruction of Distress Dimensions and the Construction of Relief Strategies for Urban Poverty in China

Since Chinas reform and growth, the continuous development of the social economy and the constant improvement of peoples living standards have been the mainstream of societys development. However, with the foundation and improvement of Chinas market economy and the ongoing promotion of Chinas urbanization process, the number of impoverished people among urban residents is increasing, and the gap between the rich and the poor is widening. This paper uses Literature research, data collection and analysis, and MPI to explore the dimensional deconstruction of urban poverty and find that the existence and widening of the income gap is the main cause of structural poverty in the country. Also, the employment dimension has the greatest impact on multidimensional urban poverty. The employment dimension has the greatest impact, followed by the education dimension. These problems can be solved by strengthening income adjustment measures to narrow the income gap, ensuring labor force employment, and improving the social security system. The paper can better help solve the problem of urban poverty and reduce the number of urban low-income families.

Multidimensional poverty and the variables that contribute to it in the Gurage Zone of Ethiopia: Using rural-urban migration as a decomposition parameter

BACKGROUND: Poverty alleviation is a critical issue for national and international development goals. Data on different poverty-reduction measures are eagerly sought by policymakers. Analytical data on the role of migration in poverty alleviation is one of them. OBJECTIVES: This study is designed to investigate the prevalence of multidimensional poverty and its determinants in connection to rural-urban migration. METHODS: Primary data was collected from 384 randomly selected rural households and analyzed using econometric models. RESULTS: Non-migrant and migrant-sending households had adjusted headcount ratios of 19.8% and 10.5%, respectively. Poor living conditions were identified in 43.5% of non-migrant households and 25.6% of migrant-sending households, respectively. Non-migrant households and migrant-sending households contributed 70.5% and 29.5%, respectively, to the entire sample’s adjusted headcount ratio. According to the findings, household size, the number of migrants per household, the education level of the household head and livestock ownership all has a significant effect on households’ multidimensional poverty. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that rural-urban migration helps poverty reduction in the region. Therefore, proper consideration should be given to maximizing the benefit of migration on the long-term reduction of multidimensional poverty through productive remittance investment and assisting households to improve their productive capacity.

Contribution of Sustainable Cocoa Production to Poverty Reduction in Nigeria

The study examined the contribution of sustainable cocoa certification programme to poverty reduction in Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select 360 cocoa farmers (certified and non-certified farmers) from 3 major cocoa-producing states in the country. The Alkire-Foster method of multidimensional poverty index was used along with descriptive statistics to analyze the data collected. The study revealed that the annual average cocoa income of certified farmers and non-certified farmers is ₦954,791.7 and ₦663,742.4 respectively. More than half (63%) of the cocoa farmers are multidimensionally poor and the majority (80%) of them are non-certified cocoa farmers. Therefore, policymakers should develop programme that address multidimensional poverty among cocoa farmers, such as providing access to electricity, drinking water, health care, and sanitation. In addition, more awareness should be created on cocoa certification programme to encourage more participation among cocoa farmers.

Understanding the Dynamics of Multi-Dimensional Poverty Index: BIMARU States: An Econometrics Approach

The research study analyzes multidimensional poverty in seven states of India, namely Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh. The study focuses on three key dimensions of poverty: infant mortality rate, birth rate, and educational dropout rates at both primary and upper primary levels. Additionally, the study examines the availability of basic amenities such as clean cooking fuel, improved sanitation facilities, and safe drinking water. By calculating the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), the study ranks the states based on their performance in these dimensions. Madhya Pradesh emerges as the top-performing state with the lowest MPI score of 0.310745, followed by Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Bihar, and Jharkhand. The study reveals that despite having relatively low MPI scores, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh still struggle with high infant mortality rates and birth rates. This indicates the need for targeted interventions to improve healthcare and family planning services in these states. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of education in poverty reduction. It identifies Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh as states with the highest primary and upper primary education dropout rates. This emphasizes the need for improving the quality of education and implementing strategies to encourage school completion. It also states the importance of addressing issues related to healthcare, education, and basic amenities in order to reduce poverty and improve overall well-being. The normalized index approach used in this study provides a comprehensive and objective measure of poverty, enabling policymakers and stakeholders to make informed decisions and allocate resources effectively.

Mpitb: A toolbox for multidimensional poverty indices

In this article, I present mpitb, a toolbox for multidimensional poverty indices (MPIs). The package mpitb comprises several subcommands to facilitate specification, estimation, and analyses of MPIs and supports the popular Alkire– Foster framework to multidimensional poverty measurement. mpitb offers several benefits to researchers, analysts, and practitioners working on MPIs, including substantial time savings (for example, because of lower data management and programming requirements) while allowing for a more comprehensive analysis at the same time. Aside from various convenience functions, mpitb also provides low-level tools for advanced users and programmers.

Socioecological risk factors associated with Malaria in Pregnancy in an endemic state of India: a retrospective study

IntroductionMalaria in Pregnancy (MiP) has significant adverse effects on both mother and fetus. Pregnant women in regions with unstable malaria transmission are three times more vulnerable to infection. This study...

From Multiple Deprivations to Exploitation: Politicizing the Multidimensional Poverty Index

From Multiple Deprivations to Exploitation: Politicizing the Multidimensional Poverty Index

Education as one of the fundamental factors of poverty reduction according to multi-dimensional poverty line in Vietnam

Introduction. In the task of sustainable poverty reduction in Vietnam in particular and in the world in general, making an important contribution to the successful implementation of the Resolution of the 13th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam, not only for a rich people, strong, democratic, just and civilized country Vietnam will not only end persistent poverty but also solve the millennium goal of eradicating illiteracy and improving the educational level of poor households and near poverty. Research methodology. This article takes the method of dialectical materialism and historical materialism of MarxismLeninism as the theoretical basis. On that basis, we went on to look for some of resources of Marx, Engels and Ho Chi Minh, Documents of the Party Congress, Resolutions and Directives of the Communist Party of Vietnam and Government Vietnam. Results. Firstly, promoting the tasks of propaganda, education, raising awareness and responsibility for poverty reduction according to multi-dimensional poverty line in Vietnam. Secondly, promoting the tasks of propaganda, education, raising awareness and responsibility for poverty reduction according to multi-dimensional poverty line in Vietnam. Thirdly, the decisive factor for the success of poverty reduction according to the poverty line is a multidimensional approach in Vietnam the will to be self-reliant and self-reliant to get out of poverty of poor and nearpoor households. Fourthly, effectively mobilizing and using investment resources for poverty reduction under multidimensional povety line in Vietnam. Fifthly, continuing to improve and promote the implementation of policies and law on poverty reduction, multi-dimensional poverty line. Sixthly, strengthening legal aid for the poor in the remote, border and island areas so that they can raise awareness, knowledge of laws to avoid falling into the disadvantaged groups in society. Seventhly, promoting propaganda, advocacy to raise awareness for the poor so they understand the value of vocational training, why should they participate in vocational training classes what they get after that. Eighthly, strengthen the leadership, direction, inspection and supervision in the management, administration and implementation of poverty reduction policies according to the multi-dimensional poverty line in Vietnam. Practical significance. Poverty reduction according to poverty standards is a multi-dimensional approach that is popular with the people, so it soon comes to life and is supported by the people and has been integrated to life which make the appearance of districts, communes and poor households change remarkably, narrowing the gap of living standards between urban and rural areas, between areas and group of residents,make an important contribution to the successful implementation of the Resolution of the 13th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam for a prosperous and happy.

Monetary and Multidimensional Poverty: Correlation, Mismatches, and a Combined Approach

We consider the relationships between multidimensional and monetary poverty indices in international and national poverty profiles, and empirically explore the consequences of identifying poor people relying on a combination of both approaches. Taking first a cross-country perspective, focusing on 90 countries in the developing world, we corroborate that the incidence of poverty by money metrics and the global Multidimensional Poverty Index, a non-monetary measure of poverty, are correlated. Digging deeper, we use microdata from six countries—Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Ghana, and Uganda—to study the joint densities of monetary and multidimensional welfare and the poverty identification mismatches for a comprehensive array of poverty line pairs. Mismatches are important, particularly in the poorer countries. Although mismatches could be avoided by combining both approaches in a dual cutoff-based poverty measure, the choice of the monetary poverty line remains a considerable issue as it changes the nonmonetary composition of poverty.

Impact of Economic Growth on Poverty Reduction: Evidence from Ghana

The main purpose of this article is to examine the effect of economic growth on poverty reduction in Ghana using monetary measurement approach. A time series data was collected on the variables deemed to influence the above relationship including headcount poverty, government spending, inflation, unemployment, and per capita growth in GDP. The data span from 1990 to 2021 and was sourced from the World Development indicators wxebsite. The data was analyzed using autoregressive distributed lags (ARDL) regression model and augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) for unit root test. The findings showed that economic growth and government spending have an inverse but significant interrelationship with reduction of poverty. Also per capita GDP has a significant positive relationship with poverty reduction. The annual inflation levels have an inverse insignificant impact on poverty reduction. The relationship between unemployment and poverty alleviation is positive though insignificant. Government should put appropriate policies in place to sustain economic growth at appreciable levels in order to reduce poverty. Agricultural productivity should be improved to provide jobs for teeming unemployed youth. Inflation should be curtailed and kept at moderate levels to ginger economic activities in the country. The Government should spend on pro-poor activities and economic infrastructure to grow the economy, create jobs, reduce income disparity, and alleviate poverty. Keywords: Monetary poverty, Multidimensional poverty, Economic growth, Government spending, Ghana.

Econometric analysis of factors affecting women's multidimensional poverty

The main purpose of this study is to identify the factors that affect the probability of being poor by a measurement method that includes the social dimensions of “women” in Antalya, the southern city of Türkiye. For this purpose, a field study was conducted among 400 working women in Antalya and the data set obtained from this study formed the basis of the analysis. In the study, the ordinal logit method was employed to determine the probability of women being poor. In light of the findings, it can be stated that in the fight against women's poverty, prioritizing the areas related to empowerment, safety and especially education, as well as improvements in income and employment, can provide positive outcomes.