Multicomponent Systems Research Articles

Trivalent lanthanum and ytterbium doped meso-silica/ceria abrasive systems toward chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) and ultraviolet irradiation-assisted photochemical mechanical polishing (PCMP)

Ceria (CeO2)-based abrasives are widely utilized in ultra-precision grinding and chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) applications over silica materials due to their unique physicochemical properties. Both mechanical and chemical contributions to polishing processes are highly affected by the size, shape, structure, component, defect of CeO2 abrasives. Herein, the composites involved mesoporous silica (mSiO2) cores and La- or Yb-doped CeO2 shells were synthesized and characterized in terms of X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray mapping methods. The polishing effectiveness of the proposed composites toward quartz glass was experimentally evaluated under both CMP and ultraviolet irradiation-assisted photochemical mechanical polishing (PCMP) conditions. The polishing results indicated that the low-modulus mSiO2 cores strongly exerted the cushion effects for the friction and abrasion to substrates. Consequently, the heterostructured mSiO2/La-CeO2 and mSiO2/Yb-CeO2 abrasive systems offered nearly non-damage and ultra-smooth surfaces with angstrom-level roughness compared to conventional rigid abrasives. The enriched Ce3+ and oxygen vacancy defects at La- and Yb- doped CeO2 surfaces were responsible for the improvements of tribochemical and photochemical activities, thus allowing evidently enhanced removal efficiency with the assistance of ultraviolet irradiation. A possible polishing mechanism on the multi-component abrasive systems was also proposed.

Spontaneous formation of Au-Co interface via a Low-Temperature reduction process

Eutectic alloys manufactured by metallurgical methods are widely used in many industrial applications due to their special properties provided by the multi-phase eutectic microstructure. Previous studies introduced the preparation of metals and alloys through the chemical reduction of metal complex salts. We employed this technique to prepare the equiatomic composition in the binary eutectic system Au-Co through a low-temperature solid-gas phase reduction of two precursors: the bi-metallic complex salt [Co(NH3)6][AuCl4]Cl2, and an equimolar mixture of H[AuCl4] and pre-reduced cobalt. Complete reduction at 350 °C resulted in the formation of a close-to-equilibrium two-phase composition of fcc gold and hcp cobalt. The structure of the fully reduced metallic materials was composed of interconnected cobalt ligaments and bi-metallic Au-Co (gold-cobalt) particles. Specifically, these spontaneously formed particles featured fcc cobalt islands interfacing with fcc gold at a specific orientation relationship. Under heating, the fully reduced Au-Co products underwent melting that corresponds to the equilibrium eutectic melting point at 996.5 °C. These results imply that spontaneous lattice self-adjustment can occur in multi-component eutectic-type systems at low temperatures directly in the solid state. This may ease the technologies of joining such as epitaxial growth, additive manufacturing, and powder metallurgy.

Van der Waals interaction of nanonized oil particles in a porous medium

The article presents an analytical calculation of the van der Waals forces acting on oil by nanoparticles, which suggests their role in changing the rheological properties of oil and the subsequent transition to a new regime. The significance of accounting for intermolecular van der Waals forces is emphasized in the realm of shale oil production, elucidating the foundational principles of nanotechnological phenomena arising from the treatment of formations with metallic nanosystems, characterized by low concentrations and the perturbance effect. The results demonstrate a plane and sphere model for nanofluid behavior in porous media, especially between oil, reservoir particles and nanoparticles. The free energy associated with the non-retarded interactions of van der Waals forces is expressed through equations that exhibit a proportional relationship with the Hamaker number. Using addition rules for multicomponent systems, the study calculates Hamaker constants for the nano-oil model under consideration, demonstrating the superiority of nano-induced van der Waals forces compared to forces in porous media without the influence of nanosystems. In addition, based on experimental data from a study of the injection of a nanosolution into a formation, 5 models illustrating the relationships among surface tension, van der Waals pull-off force, and nanoparticle concentration to ensure the pragmatic essence of the tension minimization process.

Solute Effects on Growth Restriction in Dilute Ferrous Alloys

The effect of dilute solute additions on growth restriction in binary ferrous alloys has been assessed by means of the heuristic growth restriction parameter (β) modelling framework (Fan et al. in Acta Mater. 152, 248–257, 2018). The CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) methodology (Kaufman and Bernstein in Computer Calculation of Phase Diagrams, 1970) has been used to calculate β values from the liquidus slope m and the equilibrium distribution coefficient k values, at first approximation, in conjunction with the liquid-to-solid fraction to obtain true β values. Critical solute concentrations, below which solidification becomes partitionless, have also been calculated. Among 23 dilute binary ferrous alloy systems investigated, the five most efficient solutes on grain refinement are B, Y, O, S and C. A negative correlation, or inverse relationship, was observed between the true β values and the grain size values obtained from a study on experimental multicomponent dilute ferrous alloy systems (Li et al. in Metall. Mater. Trans. A 49 A, 2235–2247, 2018).

Synergistic Self-Healing Enhancement in Multifunctional Silicone Elastomers and Their Application in Smart Materials.

Organosilicon polymers (silicones) are of enduring interest both as an established branch of polymer chemistry and as a segment of commercial products. Their unique properties were exploited in a wide range of everyday applications. However, current silicone trends in chemistry and materials engineering are focused on new smart applications, including stretchable electronics, wearable stress sensors, protective coatings, and soft robotics. Such applications require a fresh approach to methods for increasing the durability and mechanical strength of polysiloxanes, including crosslinked systems. The introduction of self-healing options to silicones has been recognized as a promising alternative in this field, but only carefully designed multifunctional systems operating with several different self-healing mechanisms can truly address the demands placed on such valuable materials. In this review, we summarized the progress of research efforts dedicated to the synthesis and applications of self-healing hybrid materials through multi-component systems that enable the design of functional silicon-based polymers for smart applications.

A Self-Sustaining Near-Infrared Afterglow Chemiluminophore for High-Contrast Activatable Imaging.

Afterglow imaging holds great promise for ultrasensitive bioimaging due to its elimination of autofluorescence. Self-sustaining afterglow molecules (SAMs), which enable all-in-one photon sensitization, chemical defect formation and afterglow generation, possess a simplified, reproducible, and efficient superiority over commonly used multi-component systems. However, there is a lack of SAMs, particularly those with much brighter near-infrared (NIR) emission and structural flexibility for building high-contrast activatable imaging probes. To address these issues, this study for the first time reports a methylene blue derivative-based self-sustaining afterglow agent (SAN-M) with brighter NIR afterglow chemiluminescence peaking at 710 nm. By leveraging the structural flexibility and tunability, an activatable nanoprobe (SAN-MO) is customized for simultaneously activatable fluoro-photoacoustic and afterglow imaging of peroxynitrite (ONOO- ), notably with a superior activation ratio of 4523 in the afterglow mode, which is at least an order of magnitude higher than other reported activatable afterglow systems. By virtue of the elimination of autofluorescence and ultrahigh activation contrast, SAN-MO enables early monitoring of the LPS-induced acute inflammatory response within 30 min upon LPS stimulation and precise image-guided resection of tiny metastatic tumors, which is unattainable for fluorescence imaging.

Design and Development of Stable Nanocrystalline High-Entropy Alloy: Coupling Self-Stabilization and Solute Grain Boundary Segregation Effects.

Grain growth is prevalent in nanocrystalline (NC) materials at low homologous temperatures. Solute element addition is used to offset excess energy that drives coarsening at grain boundaries (GBs), albeit mostly for simple binary alloys. This thermodynamic approach is considered complicated in multi-component alloy systems due to complex pairwise interactions among alloying elements. Guided by empirical and GB-segregation enthalpy considerations for binary-alloy systems, a novel alloy design strategy, the "pseudo-binary thermodynamic" approach, for stabilizing NC-high entropy alloys (HEAs) and other multi-component-alloy variants is proposed. Using Al25Co25Cr25Fe25 as a model-HEA to validate this approach, Zr, Sc, and Hf, are identified as the preferred solutes that would segregate to HEA-GBs to stabilize it against growth. Using Zr, NC-Al25Co25Cr25Fe25 HEAs with minor additions of Zr are synthesized, followed by annealing up to 1123K. Using advanced characterization techniques- in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning/transmission electron microscopy (S/TEM), and atom probe tomography, nanograin stability due to coupling self-stabilization and solute-GB segregation effects is reported in HEAs up to substantially high temperatures. The self-stabilization effect originates from the preferential GB-segregation of constituent HEA-elements that stabilizes NC-Al25Co25Cr25Fe25 up to 0.5Tm (Tm-melting temperature). Meanwhile, solute-GB segregation originates from Zr segregation to NC-Al25Co25Cr25Fe25 GBs; this results in further stabilization of the phase and grain-size (≈14nm) up to ≈0.58 and ≈0.64Tm, respectively.

Probing Molecular Packing of Lipid Nanoparticles from 31P Solution and Solid-State NMR.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are intricate multicomponent systems widely recognized for their efficient delivery of oligonucleotide cargo to host cells. Gaining insights into the molecular properties of LNPs is crucial for their effective design and characterization. However, analysis of their internal structure at the molecular level presents a significant challenge. This study introduces 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods to acquire structural and dynamic information about the phospholipid envelope of LNPs. Specifically, we demonstrate that the 31P chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) parameters serve as a sensitive indicator of the molecular assembly of distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC) lipids within the particles. An analytical protocol for measuring 31P CSA is developed, which can be implemented using either solution NMR or solid-state NMR, offering wide accessibility and adaptability. The capability of this method is demonstrated using both model DSPC liposomes and real-world pharmaceutical LNP formulations. Furthermore, our method can be employed to investigate the impact of formulation processes and composition on the assembly of specifically LNP particles or, more generally, phospholipid-based delivery systems. This makes it an indispensable tool for evaluating critical pharmaceutical properties such as structural homogeneity, batch-to-batch reproducibility, and the stability of the particles.

Application of TLC and HPLC/MS methods in the study of the interaction of N-phenytaconimide with 3-methyl-1-phenyl-5-aminopyrazole

The thin layer chromatography (TLC) method is widely used for the rapid analysis of reaction masses in fine organic synthesis. The use of this method allows not only assessing the purity of substances and identify individual components, but also to monitor the progress of synthesis [1-3]. To reliably identify a large number of substances in multicomponent systems and determine the degree of conversion of starting substances, the HPLC-MS analysis method can be used [4-6]. It was previously shown that N-arylitaconimides are easily recycled by various binucleophiles when they are boiled together in various solvents, but data on the choice of reaction conditions were scattered and unsystematized. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of combining several chromatographic methods to control and optimize the synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine formed during the reaction N-phenylitaconimide and 3-methyl-1-phenyl-pyrazol-5-amine. The interaction of the components was carried out in low-polar as well as polar protic and aprotic solvents. For the control of the completeness of the reaction, thin layer chromatography on TLC Silica gel 60 F254 (Merck) plates was used, chloroform, methanol and their mixtures in various ratios were used as eluents. The components of the reaction mass were correlated with the declared structures using HPLC/MS studies. It was shown that the interaction of N-phenylitaconimide with 3-methyl-1-phenylpyrazol-5-amine in all studied systems for 10-15 hours did not lead to the complete conversion of the reagents. The use of aprotic solvents, both polar and low-polar, did not allow obtaining preparatively significant yields of the target product. In protic solvents, the yields of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine were significantly higher. It was also shown that an increase in the protonogenicity of the medium due to the addition of acetic acid led to a more complete conversion of the reagents. The TLC and HPLC/MS data correlated well with the data on the preparative yields of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine. It was found that the most suitable medium for synthesis was a mixture of propan-2-ol and acetic acid in a ratio of 25:1.

Thermal-contact capacity of one-dimensional attractive Gaudin–Yang model

Tan’s contact C is an important quantity measuring the two-body correlations at short distances in a dilute system. Here we make use of the technique of exactly solved models to study the thermal-contact capacity KT , i.e., the derivative of C with respect to temperature in the attractive Gaudin–Yang model. It is found that KT is useful in identifying the low temperature phase diagram, and using the obtained analytical expression of KT , we study its critical behavior and the scaling law. Especially, we show KT versus temperature and thus the non-monotonic tendency of C in a tiny interval, for both spin-balanced and imbalanced phases. Such a phenomenon is merely observed in multi-component systems such as SU(2) Fermi gases and spinor bosons, indicating the crossover from the Tomonaga–Luttinger liquid to the spin-coherent liquid.

Experimental investigation and thermodynamic assessment of phase equilibria in the Al–Cr–Ta ternary system

The Al–Cr–Ta ternary system was investigated through a combination of experiments and thermodynamic modeling. The determination of the liquidus projection involved the microstructural characterization of 29 as-cast alloys using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Sublattice models were proposed for the phases according to their crystal structures and homogeneity ranges. Based on the experimental results, the Al–Cr–Ta ternary system was thermodynamically assessed by the CALculation of PHase Diagrams (CALPHAD) approach. The liquidus projection, isothermal sections, and vertical sections of the ternary system were calculated. A set of self-consistent thermodynamic parameters for the Al–Cr–Ta ternary system was obtained with a satisfactory agreement between the experimental and calculated results. The present work could be significant for the practical application of novel cemented carbides and future thermodynamics assessment of complex multicomponent systems.

A new approach to predicting the region of facilitated glass formation in the Sc-Y-Co-Al system

The experimental search for concentration ranges of vitrification in three-component systems requires the study of several thousands of compositions, whereas for four or more alloy's components the task becomes impracticable at all. To reduce material costs, it is vital to develop reliable theoretical methods for predicting glass formation regions in multicomponent metal systems. We have developed a new model for predicting the compositions of quaternary amorphous metallic glasses and applied it to the Sc-Y-Co-Al system. The proposed model parameters Θx−yx,Θx−yy make it possible to predict the location of glass-forming compositions by finding the minimum of the PHSS parameter multiplication by the geometric coefficient Γ1,2(x), Γ1,2y. The alloy with the composition Sc33Y32Co19Al16 was successfully predicted and then cast in the form of a glass rod with a lateral size of 3 mm. According to the results of X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis, the sample Sc33Y32Co19Al16 is an amorphous material with the lowest value of the crystallinity index 4%. The proposed approach can be used as a predictive model for determining glass-forming compositions in various quaternary metal systems.

Pattern recognition in the nucleation kinetics of non-equilibrium self-assembly

Inspired by biology’s most sophisticated computer, the brain, neural networks constitute a profound reformulation of computational principles1–3. Analogous high-dimensional, highly interconnected computational architectures also arise within information-processing molecular systems inside living cells, such as signal transduction cascades and genetic regulatory networks4–7. Might collective modes analogous to neural computation be found more broadly in other physical and chemical processes, even those that ostensibly play non-information-processing roles? Here we examine nucleation during self-assembly of multicomponent structures, showing that high-dimensional patterns of concentrations can be discriminated and classified in a manner similar to neural network computation. Specifically, we design a set of 917 DNA tiles that can self-assemble in three alternative ways such that competitive nucleation depends sensitively on the extent of colocalization of high-concentration tiles within the three structures. The system was trained in silico to classify a set of 18 grayscale 30 × 30 pixel images into three categories. Experimentally, fluorescence and atomic force microscopy measurements during and after a 150 hour anneal established that all trained images were correctly classified, whereas a test set of image variations probed the robustness of the results. Although slow compared to previous biochemical neural networks, our approach is compact, robust and scalable. Our findings suggest that ubiquitous physical phenomena, such as nucleation, may hold powerful information-processing capabilities when they occur within high-dimensional multicomponent systems.

Single and multicomponent adsorption of amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole on chitosan-carbon nanotubes hydrogel beads from aqueous solutions: Kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamic parameters

The removal of antibiotics in water receiving bodies is an integral part in eradicating antimicrobial resistance which has become a major threat to public health. Solid-liquid adsorption has demonstrated to be an effective technique in the removal of antibiotics from aqueous environments. Herein, chitosan-carbon nanotube (chitosan-CNT) hydrogel beads were synthesised for the adsorption of amoxicillin (AMX), ciprofloxacin (CIP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) from aqueous solution. Adsorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamic parameters were systematically investigated at a solution pH of 7. Single adsorption kinetics findings suggest that experimental data for AMX, CIP and SMX was better fitted by the nonlinear pseudo-first order model with calculated maximum adsorption capacities of 23.1 mg.g−1, 23.7 mg.g−1 and 25.17 mg.g−1, respectively. Moreover, findings from the Weber-Morris kinetic model suggest that multiple processes were limiting the overall adsorption rate of AMX, CIP and SMX on chitosan-CNT. Adsorption isotherm results indicated that single adsorption experimental data was better fitted by the nonlinear Freundlich isotherm model, while binary and ternary system experimental data were better fitted by the nonlinear competitive extended Sips adsorption isotherm models. Moreover, results for binary and ternary adsorption showed that multicomponent adsorption systems exhibited both antagonistic and synergistic adsorption of AMX, CIP and SMX. From the thermodynamics fundings, it was evident that the adsorption of AMX, CIP and SMX from solution is an endothermic process governed by both physical and chemical adsorption mechanisms. Based on the findings of the current study, it was concluded that chitosan-CNT has potential as a green technology for the removal of antibiotics from solution.

CALPHAD-linked analysis of grain boundary segregation and phase-field simulation of solute-drag effect in multicomponent magnesium alloys

The application of Mg alloy sheets is currently limited owing to their poor room-temperature formability. The solute-drag effect is a potential mechanism via which the texture intensity of Mg alloys can be lowered to improve their formability. However, detailed analyses of the effects of solute–solute interactions on the solute drag in multicomponent systems are lacking. Herein, a CALPHAD-linked phase-field model was developed to evaluate the grain boundary segregation and solute-drag effects in a multicomponent system. The model was used to calculate the grain boundary segregation and solute drag in several Mg alloys, and the effect of solute–solute interactions on these phenomena was evaluated. The results showed that Zn and Ca mutually enhanced the grain boundary segregation in Mg alloys, leading to greater solute drag. However, the combination of Al and Zn mutually suppressed the grain boundary segregation and consequently, reduced the solute drag. These results support a previously proposed theory that Mg-Zn-Ca alloys exhibit strong solute drag owing to the co-addition of Zn and Ca, which reduces the texture intensity and improves the room-temperature formability. Furthermore, a new index for describing co-segregation and competitive segregation at grain boundaries, based on Hillert's grain boundary phase model, was introduced. The value of the index was calculated for various combinations of alloying elements in Mg alloys. The results showed that many ternary Mg alloys with a low texture intensity tended to co-segregate alloying elements.

Tailoring Local Chemical Ordering via Elemental Tuning in High-Entropy Alloys.

Due to the large multi-elemental space desired for property screening and optimization, high-entropy alloys (HEAs) hold greater potential over conventional alloys for a range of applications, such as structural materials, energy conversion, and catalysis. However, the relationship between the HEA composition and its local structural/elemental configuration is not well understood, particularly in noble-metal-based HEA nanomaterials, hindering the design and development of nano-HEAs in energy conversion and catalysis applications. Herein, we determined precise atomic-level structural and elemental arrangements in model HEAs composed of RhPtPdFeCo and RuPtPdFeCo to unveil their local characteristics. Notably, by changing just one constituent element in the HEA (Rh to Ru), we found dramatic changes in the elemental arrangement from complete random mixing to a local single elemental ordering feature. Additionally, we demonstrate that the local ordering in RuPtPdFeCo can be further controlled by varying the Ru concentration, allowing us to toggle between local Ru clustering and distinct heterostructures in multicomponent systems. Overall, our study presents a practical approach for manipulating local atomic structures and elemental arrangements in noble-metal-based HEA systems, which could provide in-depth knowledge to mechanistically understand the functionality of noble-metal-based HEA nanomaterials in practical applications.

Phase behavior of triblock copolymer and homopolymer blends: Effect of copolymer topology

Two distinct linear triblock copolymers with different block sequences, ABA or BAB, are obtained when two identical AB diblock copolymers are jointed at their B or A ends, respectively, resulting in three homologous, AB diblock, ABA, and BAB triblock copolymers with the same chemical composition but different topologies. We demonstrate that the topological effect on the phase behaviors of these copolymers is amplified when A homopolymers are added to the system. Specifically, the phase behaviors of binary blends composed of ABA or BAB linear triblock copolymers and A homopolymers are studied by using the random-phase approximation (RPA) and self-consistent field theory (SCFT). The RPA analysis predicts that the Lifshitz point for the ABA/A blends behaves like a second-order transition but that for the BAB/A blends behaves like a first-order transition. The Lifshitz point of the BAB/A mixtures is found to occur at a much lower homopolymer concentration than that of the ABA/A mixtures, indicating a poorer miscibility of the A homopolymers into the BAB than ABA triblocks, which is also confirmed by SCFT. For sphere-forming triblock copolymers mixed with homopolymers, the poorer miscibility and the more diffused distribution of the A homopolymers in the BAB/A blends result in a phase behavior drastically different from that of the ABA/A and AB/A blends. The ABA/A blends stabilize the Frank-Kasper (FK) phases similar to the AB/A blends, but the stability window of FK phases becomes negligibly small in the corresponding BAB/A blends. Our results demonstrate that the topological effect of block copolymers on the equilibrium phase behaviors can be more prominent in multicomponent systems and thus more attention should be paid to copolymer topologies in the design of polymeric blends. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Time-delay signature suppression in delayed-feedback semiconductor lasers as a paradigm for feedback control in complex physiological networks.

Physiological networks, as observed in the human organism, involve multi-component systems with feedback loops that contribute to self-regulation. Physiological phenomena accompanied by time-delay effects may lead to oscillatory and even chaotic dynamics in their behaviors. Analogous dynamics are found in semiconductor lasers subjected to delayed optical feedback, where the dynamics typically include a time-delay signature. In many applications of semiconductor lasers, the suppression of the time-delay signature is essential, and hence several approaches have been adopted for that purpose. In this paper, experimental results are presented wherein photonic filters utilized in order to suppress time-delay signatures in semiconductor lasers subjected to delayed optical feedback effects. Two types of semiconductor lasers are used: discrete-mode semiconductor lasers and vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). It is shown that with the use of photonic filters, a complete suppression of the time-delay signature may be affected in discrete-mode semiconductor lasers, but a remnant of the signature persists in VCSELs. These results contribute to the broader understanding of time-delay effects in complex systems. The exploration of photonic filters as a means to suppress time-delay signatures opens avenues for potential applications in diverse fields, extending the interdisciplinary nature of this study.

The effect of multi-component Inhibitor systems on hydrate formation

Based on the existing components of drilling fluids, the construction of a multi-component hydrate inhibitor system is essential for building a high-performance hydrate drilling fluid system and reducing production costs. The constant rate cooling method are performed to investigate the effect of different inhibitor systems on hydrate formation. The results indicate that thermodynamic inhibitors exhibit enhanced effectiveness in inhibiting hydrate formation at higher mass concentrations. In contrast, kinetic inhibitors demonstrate superior performance at lower mass concentrations, and their inhibitory efficacy does not scale up with concentration. Kinetic inhibitors can synergize with other components of the drilling fluid that have thermodynamic inhibitor effects. In particular, the ternary composite system has better synergistic effects compared to the binary composite system. It is of great significance for the construction of efficient hydrate drilling fluid systems in the future.

Mechanisms of simultaneous removal of multiple chlorinated hydrocarbons in aquifers by in-situ microemulsion

The chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHs) are typically released to the aquifer as complex mixture, and the contaminant type takes the critical action on the in-situ microemulsion formation and solubilization behaviors. However, few interst has been paid to the solubilization behaviors of microemulsion for multiply CHs and the factors affecting selective solubilization. The current work investigated the effect of hydrogeochemical conditions on microemulsion competitive solubilization, and focused on the selective desorption and removal performance of in-situ microemulsion drenching under the various drenching situations. The results elucidated that the apparent solubility of CH was enhanced with adding inorganic salts and the decreasing temperature. In-situ microemulsion showed a preference for dissolving the more polar CHs (CF) in chlorinated hydrocarbon mixture. The selective solubilization was strengthened with increasing temperature, independent of alcohols and salts. The removal efficiency of microemulsion drenching for multiply CHs could achieve 96.0 %, improving with the tinier particle media and lower flow rates. Compared to other CHs, CF was more likely to be desorbed from aquifer medium in multicomponent systems. Furthermore, the selective desorption for multiply CHs was associated with flow rates, media size and residual saturation of contaminants. The inhibition for preferential desorption was more intense to the increase of injection velocity, media size and residual saturation. This insight of selective solubilization behavior can be used to advances the application of in-situ microemulsion drenching for site remediation of multiply CHs.