Multicomponent Electrolyte Solutions Research Articles

A Correlation of Activity Coefficients of Hydrochloric Acid in Multicomponent Electrolyte Solutions

A Correlation of Activity Coefficients of Hydrochloric Acid in Multicomponent Electrolyte Solutions

Estimation of water activities in multi-component electrolyte solutions.

Estimation of water activities in multi-component electrolyte solutions.

Thermodynamic properties of strong electrolyte solutions from correlation functions

General relations are presented to relate the fluctuation thermodynamic properties of multicomponent electrolyte solutions (concentration derivatives of the chemical potential, partial molar volume, and compressibility) to integrals of the total correlation function (Kirkwood-Buff solution theory) and of the nondivergent portion of the direct correlation function. Detailed expressions are given for the single-salt, single-solvent system. It appears that the direct correlation function expressions may be of more practical use in developing correlations for solution properties because, unlike the total correlation functions, terms exist which distinguish between cation and anion interactions with water and with other ions.

Thermodynamics of multicomponent electrolyte solutions: Aqueous mixtures of two salts from among NaCl, KCl, NaH2PO4, and KH2PO4 at 25� C

Five of the six possible aqueous two-salt mixtures from among NaCl, KCl, NaH2PO4,and KH2PO4 have been studied by the isopiestic method at 25°C. The sixth mixture, NaCl−KCl, has been studied previously. The deviations from ideal mixing behavior are described by a series of coefficients which were found by regression analysis. The coefficients were used to calculate the excess Gibbs energies of mixing for equal ionic strength fractions of each salt and the trace activity coefficient of each salt at an ionic strength of 2 mode-kg−1. The cross-square mixing rule is obeyed within experimental uncertainty for the excess Gibbs energies of mixing.

Seawater?A test of multicomponent electrolyte solution theories. I. The apparent equivalent volume, expansibility, and compressibility of artificial seawater

The apparent equivalent volume ΦV, expansibility ΦE, and compressibility ΦK of an artificial seawater solution containing10 ionic components (Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, K+, Sr2+, Cl−, SO 4 2− , HCO 3 − , Br−, and F−) and one nonionic component (H3BO3) has been determined from0 to40°C (in5° intervals) and from0.1 to0.8 m ionic strength at1 atm. The concentration dependence (Iv=volume ionic strength) of the ΦV's, ΦE's, and ΦK's have been examined by using a Masson-type equation, Φ = Φ° +S'I V 1/2, and a Redlich-type equation, Φ = Φ° +SI V 1/2 +BI V, where Φ° is the infinite-dilution value, S′ is the empirical Masson slope, S is the theoretical Debye-Huckel slope, and B is an empirical deviation constant. By using Young's rule, Φ = ∑Eiφ(i), the apparent equivalent volumes, expansibilities, and compressibilities for “sea salt” have been estimated from the ionic and nonionic components making up the mixture. The estimated apparent molal quantities agree very well with the directly measured values providing the concentration terms, S i ′ and Bi, are weighted according to the methods of Wood and Reilly.

Transport of ions in multicomponent strong electrolyte solutions

Transport of ions in multicomponent strong electrolyte solutions

Multicomponent electrolyte solutions by H. S. Harned and R. A. Robinson, Pergamon Press Ltd., Oxford, 1968, xiii + 110 pages, $8.00.

Multicomponent electrolyte solutions by H. S. Harned and R. A. Robinson, Pergamon Press Ltd., Oxford, 1968, xiii + 110 pages, $8.00.