Design Of Multiband Antenna Research Articles

Fast design of multiband fractal antennas through a system-by-design approach for NB-IoT applications

The efficient design of compact antennas operating over multiple bands suitable for the Internet of Things (IoT) is addressed by means of an instance of the system-by-design (SbD) paradigm. More specifically, an iterative strategy that combines different software modules for the search spaceexploration, the fast physicalmodeling of the radiators, and the quality evaluation of the guess solutions is proposed. To enable such a SbD instance, an innovative strategy that exploits an orthogonal array (OA) scheme to determine the training set of a Learning-by-Example (LBE) algorithm based on a support vector regressor (SVR) is introduced for the efficient physicalmodeling of the layout to be optimized. The features and the potentialities of the proposed methodological approach are assessed in different applicative scenarios by considering representative numerical and experimental validation examples.

Crescent Shape Microstrip Antenna for Dual polarized Multi-band Response

Novel design of multi-band Crescent shape microstrip antenna is proposed. Modifications in equivalent circular patch yields new resonant modes nearer to the TM11 and TM21 modes in circular patch that gives four band frequency response showing dual polarizations. Proposed design gives 1 to 1.5% of bandwidth at each frequency with broadside radiation pattern. The resonance frequency equation by defining the resonant length at each mode in the Crescent shape patch, is proposed. The frequency calculated using the same agrees closely with simulated result. The air suspended design of crescent shape patch is presented which yields co-polar peak gain of above 1.5 dBi.

Multi-Band MIMO Antenna Design with User-Impact Investigation for 4G and 5G Mobile Terminals.

In this study, we propose a design of a multi-band slot antenna array applicable for fourth-generation (4G) and fifth-generation (5G) smartphones. The design is composed of double-element square-ring slot radiators fed by microstrip-line structures for easy integration with radio frequency (RF)/microwave circuitry. The slot radiators are located on the corners of the smartphone printed circuit board (PCB) with an overall dimension of 75 × 150 mm2. The proposed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is designed to meet the requirements of 4G and 5G mobile terminals with essential bandwidth for higher data rate applications. For −10 dB impedance bandwidth, each single-element of the proposed MIMO design can cover the frequency ranges of 2.5–2.7 GHz (long-term evolution (LTE) 2600), 3.45–3.8 GHz (LTE bands 42/43), and 5.00–5.45 GHz (LTE band 46). However, for −6 dB impedance bandwidth, the radiation elements cover the frequency ranges of 2.45–2.82 GHz, 3.35–4.00 GHz, and 4.93–5.73 GHz. By employing the microstrip feed lines at the four different sides of smartphone PCB, the isolation of the radiators has been enhanced and shows better than 17 dB isolation levels over all operational bands. The MIMO antenna is implemented on an FR-4 dielectric and provides good properties including S-parameters, efficiency, and radiation pattern coverage. The performance of the antenna is validated by measurements of the prototype. The simulation results for user-hand/user-head impacts and specific absorption rate (SAR) levels of the antenna are discussed, and good results are achieved. In addition, the antenna elements have the potential to be used as 8-element/dual-polarized resonators.

A Design of Multiband Antenna using Main Radiator and Additional Sub-Patches for Different Wireless Communication Systems

A design of compact printed multiband Microstrip antenna for the different wireless communication systems is proposed. The antenna comprises of a main radiating patch and some additional sub patches which is fed by a microstrip line feeding. This configuration is designed to operate with the center frequencies of 1.52GHz, 1.86GHz, 2.7GHz, 3.32GHz and 4.05 GHz with achievable bandwidths of 6%, 4.3%, 3.7%, 7% and 8.4%, respectively. These five bands supports for the applications of GSM1800, GPS, WIMAX I (2.7 - 2.8GHz), WIMAX II (3.3-3.4GHz), and Fixed Satellite Services. In this work, Reflection co-efficient for each band (S11= -17.16dB for 1.5GHz, S11 = -14.75dB for 1.87GHz, S11 = -13.89dB for 2.7GHz, S11= -21dB for 3.32GHz, S11 = -33.98dB for 4.05GHz), VSWR, and Radiation patterns are simulated using Ansoft HFSS. Antenna is fabricated using ELEVEN LAB then reflection coefficients and VSWR values of the proposed antenna are measured by using the network analyzer. Simulated results are good agreement with practical results.

Design and analysis of multi-band circle shape MIMO antenna using defected ground structure to reduce mutual coupling

In the present paper, a multi-band circle shape MIMO radiator with and without dumbbell-shaped parasitic element for all wireless applications is proposed. The proposed antenna comprises MIMO circular shape radiating patch with U-shaped inverted slot and pair of rectangular slits. By adjusting U-shaped inverted slot, a pair of rectangular slits and neutralisation line we obtain distinct resonance frequencies centred at 3.5, 5.3, 7.0 and 8.8 GHz. The VSWR results are centred on ≤ 2 at these resonant frequencies. The far field values obtained at a wide operational bandwidth, the simulated results represent that the multi-band antenna can cover sufficient bandwidth for entire frequency bands. The multi-band antenna also shows a radiation pattern of an omni directional with an acceptable average peak gains at the resonant frequencies are 5.238 dBi, 7.044 dBi, 6.763 dBi and 7.852 dBi of LTE/WLAN bands, WiMAX band, and ITU and satellite band system applications.

Design of a Multiband Octagonal Patch Antenna

Objectives: Compact and multiband microstrip patch antenna design is essential to meet the huge demand of advanced wireless applications. The objective of the study is to design a serrated structure of patch antenna which is reformed into octagonal shape is proposed to meet the objective. Method: Rogers RT/Duriod 8330(Ɛr=2.2) is used to develop the patch of the proposed antenna. The design is simulated an analyzed by Finite Element Method (FEM) of HFSS software to obtain the output parameters called Returnloss (<-10db), Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (1<VSWR<2). Findings: The developed antenna is capable of handling C, Ku, K, Q and U-band applications in an efficient manner. Applications: This type of antenna will be useful in radar, satellite and mobile applications. Keywords: Octogonal Patch, Returnloss, Serrated Structure, FEM, HFSS, VSWR

Fast Multi-Objective Optimization of Multi-Parameter Antenna Structures Based on Improved BPNN Surrogate Model

In this paper, a surrogate model based on a sparsely connected back propagation neural networks (SC-BPNN) is proposed to reduce the large computational cost of conventional multi-objective antenna optimization problems. In this model, the connection parameters and network structure can be adaptively tuned by a hybrid real-binary particle swarm optimization (HPSO) algorithm for better network global optimization capability. Also, a time-varying transfer function is introduced to improve the problem of easily trapping into local optimum and to accelerate network convergence. Further, a fast multi-objective optimization framework based on the proposed SC-BPNN is established for multi-parameter antenna structures. Finally, a Pareto-optimal planar miniaturized multiband antenna design is presented, indicating that the proposed model predicts antenna performance more accurately and saves considerable computational cost compared to those previously published approaches.

Low-Profile Penta-Band Automotive Patch Antenna Using Horizontal Stacking and Corner Feeding

Connected cars with a multitude of frequency bands to be covered for the 4G and 5G mobile communication standards would benefit immensely from the low-profile and compact multi-band antenna designs. This paper considers the simulation, design, and measurement aspects for an innovative penta-band patch antenna that operates in the LTE-1800 uplink (1.71–1.78 GHz), LTE-1800 downlink (1.805–1.875 GHz), UMTS uplink (1.92–1.998 GHz), UMTS downlink (2.11–2.17 GHz), and LTE-2600 (2.5–2.69 GHz) frequency bands encompassing a total bandwidth of approximately 468 MHz, 261 MHz of which was covered with $|S_{11}|^{2} dB and the remaining with $|S_{11}|^{2} dB in the measurement. We achieved the multi-band behavior by simultaneous exploitation of the principles of horizontal stacking and corner feeding of the microstrip patch antennas. The maximum value of the measured realized gain, i.e., 5 dBi, was obtained for the LTE-2600 band, while its minimum value, i.e., −1.7 dBi, was obtained for the LTE-1800 downlink band. The measured realized gain was between 2 and 3 dBi at all other frequencies. A thickness of just 1.7 mm makes the antenna very low-profile, which, in addition to its compact dimensions (175 mm $\times \,\, 47$ mm), makes it suitable for embedding/mounting in many promising locations around a car, such as in rooftop cavities, or in exterior plastic paneling.

Design of multiband multipolarised single feed patch antenna

A new low profile, multiband, multipolarised single feed antenna is designed. A corner truncated patch loaded with slots and a complementary split ring resonator is used to achieve three frequency bands with different polarisations. The antenna exhibits right-hand circular, linear, and left-hand circular polarisation at three different bands, respectively. To obtain circular polarisation, orthogonal modes are excited by truncating corners of the patch and etching slits. Single feed, single layer geometry with Y-shaped feed structure is employed. The antenna is fabricated on a low-cost FR4 substrate with an overall size of $70\, {\rm mm} \times 70\, {\rm mm}$70 mm×70 mm, and the proposed design has been verified experimentally. The selected frequency bands are centred at 2.313, 2.396, and 2.478 GHz, and they have -10 dB impedance bandwidths of 2.14, 2.50, and 2.42%, respectively. The first frequency band exhibits right-hand circular polarisation with a 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of 0.85%. The second frequency band exhibits linear polarisation, whereas the third frequency band exhibits left-hand circular polarisation with a 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of 0.81%.

Design of Multiband Antenna for Wimax and WLAN Applications Using DGS

In this paper, a multiband antenna with a micro strip feed line is presented. This antenna is designed on FR4 substrate with dielectric constant 4.4 having overall size of 20 × 20 × 1.6mm3. The proposed antenna comprises defected ground structure with T and L shape slots to achieve multiband frequencies. This multiband antenna covers three different frequencies as 3.3 GHz, 3.85 GHz and 5.25 GHz. All of these frequencies are applicable for WiMAX and WLAN applications respectively. Return loss (S11), Gain and Radiation patterns are simulated and observed on HFSS.

A design of multi-band antenna based on active metamaterials

A design of multi-band antenna based on active meta-materials is presented in this paper. The proposed structure consists of monopole antenna integrated with active rectangular complementary split ring resonator (CSRR). The simulations are performed by electromagnetic software where dimensional parameters of the structure are varied and optimized. The considered antenna covers a multi wide frequency band from 3.14 to 3.35 GHz, 5.67–6.3 GHz and 7.58–9.5 GHz. Its performances are discussed in terms of reflection coefficient (S11), gain and radiation patterns.

Design of multi-band minkowski MIMO antenna to reduce the mutual coupling

This paper presents a compact minkowski patch antenna for raising return loss as well as reducing mutual coupling for MIMO systems. A major limiting factor of MIMO systems is mutual coupling which arises mainly due to the smaller spacing between multiple antennas. Mutual coupling is the one of the parameter to diminish channel capacity to describe the inclusive presentation of system. Hence proposed MIMO system which resonates at first resonant 2.5 GHz, second one resonate at 3.5 GHz, third one resonate at 5.2 GHz and finally resonant at 7.0 GHz observed that an improvement in bandwidth as well as reduction in mutual coupling have 54 dB, 50 dB, 40 dB and 44 dB can be observed in the simulation results. These results were better when compared to the existing systems. As such this proposed system is applicable in the area of WLAN (2.4 GHz–2.5 GHz/5.2 GHz–5.8 GHz) and WiMAX (2.3 GHz–2.6 GHz/3.3 GHz–3.8 GHz/5.7 GHz–5.85 GHz).

Development of Reconfigurable Antenna for Advanced Tracking Technology

&lt;p&gt;This paper focuses on the design and fabrication of reconfigurable multiband antenna for RFID and GPS as an advance tracking technology for various applications that achieve a physically compact, planar profile and sufficient bandwidth. The antenna can be reconfigured as single band at 1.275 GHz for GPS applications when the switches are OFF state and dual-band frequencies at 0.915 GHz and 2.4 GHz required in RFID applications when the switches are ON state. The performance of the antenna involves changing the switches to ON or OFF mode by controlling RF switches. RF MEMs RMSW101, Single Pole Single Throw (SPST) switches have been chosen due to the satisfactory RF properties includes low insertion loss, good impedance matching and high isolation. The gain for single and dual band is greater than 2dBi. The design methodology and antenna measurement results are both presented and discussed in this letter.&lt;/p&gt;

Design and Analysis of Compact Triple Band Microstrip Patch Antenna for Multiband Applications

In this article, a novel design of multiband microstrip patch antenna has been presented for multiband applications. The Shirt shape antenna is designed on FR-4 substrate and is fed through 50 ohm microstrip feed line. Two l-shape slots are introduced in antenna for size reduction and to provide multiband characteristics while DGS (defected ground structure) is used to achieve bandwidth enhancement. The simulated results show that the antenna operates in three different frequency bands having resonance frequencies at 4.4GHz, 6.2GHz and 8.5GHz. The antenna exhibits good return loss of -21.1dB @4.4Ghz, -15dB @6.2GHz and -30.5dB @8.5GHz. The proposed antenna has stable radiation patterns and gain values which are 5.3db at 4.4GHz, 5.03dB at 6.2GHz, 5.27 at 8.5GHz. The VSWR is also less than 2 and has good efficiency values at the operating bands 62%, 89% and 93% respectively. The Shirt shape antenna finds its applications in commercial WLAN, Wi-MAX and in Radar application.

A Compact Hybrid Multiband Antenna for Wireless Applications

This paper presents design of Compact Hybrid Multiband Antenna (CHMA) for various wireless applications. The projected antenna geometry is designed by integrating moore and gosper curves and their characteristics are investigated. The antenna reveals multiband behavior along with satisfactory values of all performance parameters in spite of less complexity and compact size. The small cost simulated antenna is designed on FR4 substrate, which shows gain of 16.65 dB along with return loss of −18.39 dB and VSWR of 1.27 at 2.4 GHz frequency. Simulated results exhibits six operational bands that cover various significant frequency bands like Air traffic control RADAR (0.96–1.215 GHz), GSM (1.85–1.99 GHz), Wi-Fi (2.4 GHz for 802.11b, 802.11n and 802.11g), WLAN 802.11a/b (5.15–5.35 GHz), WLAN 802.11ac (5.5 GHz) and military satellite applications (7.9–8.4 GHz). The simulation results of antenna in terms of antenna parameters like Return Loss (RL), radiation pattern, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) and Gain (G) are evaluated using HFSS (High Frequency Structural Simulator); v13 software. The hybrid antenna is designed with line feed having compact size of 55 mm (L) × 60 mm (W) × 1.6 mm (H) on FR4_epoxy substrate with er 4.4. Both simulated and measured results are analyzed, compared and presented in the paper. Proposed antenna operates from 0.98 to 8.1 GHz and covers L, S, C and X band applications.

Double stub microstrip fed two element Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna for multiband operation

This article presents a design of multiband Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna (RDRA) using two elements with different aspect ratio. The proposed DRA is excited by means of micro-strip feedline with double stubs which not only improves the bandwidth of each band but also achieves good impedance matching. The proposed DRA operates at “C” band, “WLAN” and “X” band frequencies and yields wide bandwidth of about 6.5%, 13.5% and 17.4% respectively. Two Rectangular DRs of completely different aspect ratio and double stub microstrip feeding achieve this multiband operation. The designed antenna is very compact and has a volume of 1737mm3 only. It provides stable radiation patterns in all the three bands and has a maximum gain of 6.35dBi with radiation efficiency of more than 82% over the operating band of frequencies. The proposed antenna has been studied, analyzed and optimized using Ansoft HFSS simulation software. The designed antenna is fabricated, tested and compared with other multiband designs. Good agreement is achieved between simulated and measured ones.

A design of metamaterial multi-band bowtie antenna based on omega-shaped resonator

In this paper, we propose a new design of a multi-band bowtie antenna based on omega-shaped resonator (OSR). This proposed structure, designed to operate at multi-band frequency range, consists of coplanar bowtie antenna in the top layer and an array of OSRs in the bottom layer of the structure. The antenna structure with dimensions of \(42\times {13.3}\) mm\(^2\) is printed on a FR4 epoxy dielectric and is fabricated to validate our prototype. The measured reflection coefficient of the proposed prototype shows that the antenna operates at a multi-band frequency range namely 4.06, 7.4, and 10.78 GHz with return loss equal to −14, −38, and −34 dB, respectively. These are in good agreement with the simulation. In addition, a comparison of the measured and the simulated radiation pattern is provided and discussed. They show a good consistency.

MULTI-BAND ANTENNA ARRAY BASED ON DOUBLE NEGATIVE METAMATERIAL FOR MULTI AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS

This paper presents a design of multi-band array antenna based on Double Negative Metamaterial (DNM) unit cells for multi-automotive applications. The antenna consists of 4 × 4 rectangular and circular radiating patches connected in series using microstrip lines and fed by a 50Ω corporate microstrip line. An array of 4×6 wire loaded complementary spiral resonator (CSR) unit cells is placed on its reverse side to provide miniaturization and multiband features to the proposed design. The reflection coefficient (S11), mutual coupling, effective diversity gain (EDG), envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), and radiation patterns are evaluated for four elements of the proposed antenna placed in four different locations on the car body model. Simulations and measurements indicated that the proposed antenna features a low mutual coupling ( 9.995), high efficiency (72%-95%), and low on-car detuning over the desired five bands; 1.99GHz to 3.03 GHz, 5.15 GHz to 6.369 GHz, 7.67 GHz to 7.99GHz, 9.91GHz to 10.23 GHz, and 11.79 GHz to 12.2GHz. The performance of ECC between four antennas on car body has been investigated in different cases of isotropic, indoor, and outdoor. The metallic effect on antennas performance also has been investigated by evaluating the mutual coupling and transmission coefficient between two antennas served as transmitter and receiver with presence of car body. The results show transmission coefficient of proposed DNM antenna with metallic presence almost identical to free space across desired frequency bands. With all capabilities mentioned the antenna has potential for WiFi/WiMAX, Vehicleto-Vehicle (V2V), transportable earth exploration satellite, military requirement for land vehicles, and earth stations on vessels applications.

Study of Sierpinski Fractal Antenna and Its Array with Different Patch Geometries for Short Wave Ka Band Wireless Applications

This paper presents the design and simulation of multiband Sierpinski fractal antenna with different patch (rectangular, circular and triangular) geometries. To validate the effect of fractal; on microstrip array, a 2x2 fractal antenna array is also designed and studied. Finally, a qualitative comparison is made among fractal based defected patch and defected ground plane structures separately, for the entire single antenna and array cases. All antennas are designed using HFSS and optimized to operate at 28 GHz, considering a FR-4 substrate material. The proposed multiband antenna and its array can find extensive applications in Ka band and other wireless communications.

Dual-Band Monopole Antenna Using Substrate-Integrated Suspended Line Technology for WLAN Application

In this letter, a substrate-integrated suspended line high-efficiency monopole antenna designed for 2.4/5.2 GHz wireless local area network (WLAN) application is proposed. The proposed antenna is composed of five stacked substrate layers with two embedded air cavities. Compared with the conventional monopole antennas, more metal surfaces of the proposed antenna can be used for radiation and impedance matching, which provides more flexibility for multiband antenna design. By utilizing the embedded air cavities, the loss of the whole structure is significantly decreased, thus efficiency of higher than 95% is achieved. Moreover, the stable omnidirectional radiation patterns are obtained in the two operating frequency bands of 2.25–2.90 and 4.95–5.94 GHz, which cover corresponding WLAN operation frequency bands.