Muhammad Abduh Research Articles

Impak Pemikiran Islah dan Tajdid Terhadap Pendidikan Tinggi Wanita Islam di Malaysia Selepas Merdeka

The study aims to identify the development of the Islah and Tajdid movements in Malaya and the impact on Islamic education for women starting at the madrasah level to the high level in the late 20th century. This study discusses the movement of Islah and Tajdid which appeared at the beginning of the 20th century in Malaya and analyzed the influence of thinking on Islamic women's education. This study was conducted using a qualitative study, where all data information from primary and secondary sources was scrutinized and analyzed by taking an inductive approach. The study found that the characters involved in this movement in Malaya since the very beginning of their return from their studies in Egypt have supported the thought of Sheikh Muhammad Abduh and Sheikh Rasyid Ridha in the case of women's education. They wrote and worked on publications through newspapers and magazines that voiced the importance of Muslim women to be given freedom of education to engage in society. In order to realize these thoughts and awareness, they also set up special madrasah for female students in Penang, Melaka and Singapore. The influence of their thinking has led to the awareness of the Malay community with the establishment of madrasah in the states of Kelantan, Kedah, Perlis, and Johor and opened the widest opportunities for female students to receive education. Until the Independence era of Malaya, these madrasah have expanded to whole land of Malay as the efforts and awareness of group of religionist that support the thinking of Islah and Tajdid. In 1952 Malaya Islamic College was established and followed by Yayasan Pengajian Tinggi Islam Kelantan (YPTIK) in 1956 as a result of this group's efforts. Women's students also have the opportunity to pursue higher levels of education until there is an Islamic women's education network between Malaysia, Indonesia and Egypt. At the end of the 20th century, Muslim women had succeeded in occupying various career fields, especially in Islamic education as teachers in schools, as a lecturer at higher learning centers that offering various fields of Islamic studies and as civil servants in government departments.

Metode Tafsir Muhammad Abduh dan Muhammad Rasyid Ridha dalam Tafsîr Al-Manâr

Tafsîr al-Manar is one of the most popular exegesis of the Qur`anic studies. Al-Manar magazine, which contains this interpretation periodically, namely in the early 20th century, is widespread throughout the Islamic world and has an important role in enlightening thoughts and religious counseling. The influence of Sheikh Muhammad Abduh, along with his student, Sayyid Muhammad Rasyîd Ridhâ, on the development of religious thought in the Islamic world, thus, cannot be underestimated.This article is a result of a previous study of the Qur’an exegesis method of the two prominent Muslim scholars, Muhammad Abduh and Muhammad Rashid Ridha. The study reveals two main conclusions, they are (1) personally both Muhammad Abduh and Muhammad Rashid Ridha are independent who have extensive, well-known, and versatile insight and knowledge, have personality traits that are steady, honest, brave, passionate, intelligent, determined, and a number of other advantages, like other leading commentator (2) Al-manâr book, with its superiorities, is well recognized as a monumental work that broadly contributes to the development of Islamic thought, particularly in modern exegesis field. In regard to exegesis of Qur’anic legal verses, though it is not a special legal book, Al-manâr is able to explain deeply and comprehensively the Qur’anic legal verses just like the other legal exegesis works.

Lokalitas Tafsir Nusantara: Dinamika Studi al-Qur’an di Indonesia

Tafsir Nusantara is a manifestation of the assessment and Quranic writing in Nusantara. The arrival of a Al-Qur’an interpretation in Nusantara can not be separated from the process of the assessment and writing it as part of an effort by Ulama’ in understanding and spread the Islamic Teachings. In this context, Locality of the nuance also coloring variety of Quranic interpretation, both in assesment of the Quranic interpretation in mushalla, mosque, and Islamic boarding school and the writing of interpretation by using local symbolic in form like pegon or latin. In other aspect, the contribution of Middle East Ulama influences many Nusantara ulama’s thats makes genealogy of thought that forming a different tendency in each season. This is seem to the figure of Jalaludin As-Suyuti with Tafsir Al-Jalalain in the form of Ijmaly interpretation, very influences on tafsir nusantara’s products in the classic time such as Tarjuman Al-Mustafid writing by Abdur Rauf As-Sinkili. In the modern times, the figure of Muhammad Abduh through his masterpiece Tafsir Al-Manar, by using tahlily method and Adab al-Ijtima’i approach also give very strong influence to the birth of local Ulama’s products. Starting from Tafsir Al-Qur’an Al-Karim by Muhammad Yunus, Tafsir Al-Azhar by Buya HAMKA and Tafsir Al-Misbah by Quraish Shihab also using social approach. Its culmination, when the influence of modern linguistic in the contemporary period with contextual approach like Major Times of Qur’an by Fazlur rahman inspires scholars nusantara’s thought as the figure of Nurcholis Majid who influences of research thematic verses interpretation in islamic universities. Thus, this study will focus on local Ulama interpretation in the dynamics of the Al-Quran study in indonesia that growing now, as was the theme of social includes, terminology of Kafir, Ahlul Kitab and Non-Muslims.

Menâr Ekolünün Hz. Îsâ’nın Refʿi ve Nüzûlü Hakkında Referans Kabul Edilen Ayetlere Yaklaşımı

Hz. Îsâ’nın ölmeden önce göğe yükseltildiği, kıyamete kadar yaşayacağı ve kıyamete yakın bir zamanda bir kurtarıcı olarak yeryüzüne ineceği şeklindeki inanış, İslam düşünce geleneğinde nüzûl-i Îsâ şeklinde kavramlaşmıştır. Çeşitli İslâmî kaynaklarda yer alan ve tefsir kaynaklarında da kendine yer bulan bu inanışa referans gösterilen birçok ayet vardır. Bu ayetler hakkında ortaya konan yorumlar, XIX. yüzyıla kadar mezkûr inanışı temellendirmeye yönelik olmuştur. Ancak bu yüzyılda batıda yükselen pozitivist dalga İslam dünyasındaki epistemolojik anlayışta bazı değişikliklerin meydana gelmesine neden olmuştur. Bu değişimle birlikte Cemaleddin Efganî, Muhammed Abduh, M. Reşîd Rızâ ve A. Mustafa Merâgî gibi isimlerin içinde bulunduğu Menâr ekolü başta olmak üzere İslam dünyasındaki bazı akımlar bu inanışı reddetme yoluna gitmiştir. Bu çalışmada Menâr ekolünün, klasik tefsir kaynaklarında Hz. Îsâ’nın ölmeden göğe yükseltildiği ve kıyamete yakın bir zamanda yeniden dünyaya bir kurtarıcı olarak döneceği konusunda referans gösterilen ayetlere yaklaşımı ele alınmıştır. Bu kapsamda öncelikle ilgili ayetlere, daha sonra bu ayetlerin klasik tefsir kaynaklarındaki yorumlarına değinilmiştir. Son olarak da Menâr ekolünün değerlendirmelerine yer verilmiştir. Sonuç olarak bu ekolün söz konusu ayetlerin mezkûr inanışla alakasının bulunmadığı yönünde bir yaklaşıma sahip oldukları görülmüştür.

Peluang dan Tantangan Gerakan Revivalisme Islam di Indonesia Pascareformasi

This article elaborates the opportunities and challenges of the Islamic revivalist movement in post-reform Indonesia since the opportunity to express the notions is opened. The issue of revivalism is not only developed in Indonesia, but also an important issue in Southeast Asia, South Asia, Middle East, and other regions. This can be seen from various studies on Islamic revivalism that occurred in various areas. Even the Islamic revivalism was actually initiated at the end of the nineteenth century by Jamaluddin al-Afghani, whose passion was continued by his disciple Muhammad Abduh. The author will explain how the challenge of the rise of Islam in Indonesia after the reformation. Therefore, the author provides a study of literature and interviews with the experts consisted of 10 people of scholars and activists of Islamic revivalism movement conducted. Based on this research, there is an indication that the Islamic revivalism movement has great opportunities and challenges in post-Indonesian reformation. Some of the opportunities for the development of Islamic revivalism movement in Indonesia are the historical factor, acculturalization through educational institutions, and the Islamization policies in some regions. On the other hand, the challenges found are the challenges of public opinion, the lack of optimal tools for multicultural dialogue, the decline of political support, the conflict among Muslims, the lack of professionalism, and the secularism. Regarding these conditions, some of the Islamic revivalism movements adapted themselves to adjust political developments in Indonesia.

DEMOKRASI DALAM FILSAFAT PENDIDIKAN BARAT DAN ISLAM (KAJIAN TENTANG NILAI-NILAI DEMOKRASI DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA DALAM KONTEKS PENDIDIKAN INDONESIA)

This article discusses the effort of renewal and basic reform of Muhammad Abduh in the Islamic world. Muhammad Abduh is one of the reformers in Islam, his breakthroughs are capable of bringing huge changes especially to the Islamic world, some of the reforms done in the fields of religion, education, politics and law. So some of the renewal of Abduh that we may still feel the impact to this day.

KONTROVERSI PENGGUNAAN KISAH ISRAILIYYAT DALAM MEMAHAMI AYAT-AYAT KISAH AL-QUR’AN

How many people like to read a lot of varian of stories in the previous era until now. So, many scholars or teachers and the others use the story telling method to interest the audiens. In religion, it can found many interesting stories in the Holy Book, Taurat and Injil. In the Qur’anic studies, the stories are known as Israliyyat stories. While the Qur’an also told some stories of the prophets, etc in the narrative verses. For understanding the narrative verses, the scholars sometimes use Israiliyyat stories to maintain them. However, some mufassirs have various thoughts about using them. Some interpret the Qur’an with Israiliyyat for detail stories, but some others leave it and just take the lessons. This article analyze the controversy on using Israiliyyat stories to interpret the Qur’an with library research and qualitative method. The conclusion is the scholars base on their thoughts of Israiliyyat can be divided to three category; rejectionees like al-Alusi, Muhammad Abduh, Muhammad Rasyid Ridha, receptionees like Muqatil bin Sulaiman, al-Sa’labi, al-Bagawi, al-Khazin, al-Thabari, and moderat like Ibnu Taimiyah, Ibnu Kasir. The classification appeared because they actually have various understanding of hadis and different background.

Decolonizing the Study of Religions: Muslim Intellectuals and the Enlightenment Project of Religious Studies

The term 'religion' as a discursive term occupies a dominant, but neglected feature of Muslim intellectual reflections since the 19th century. Intellectuals from Muhammad Abduh (he died in 1905) to recent scholars like Nasr Hämid Abü Zayd (he died in 2010) have used religion as a critical term to develop a critique of tradition and modernity, and a strategy for renewal. This discourse may be compared with the study of religion since the 19th century that has also used religion to develop a perspective on the religious history of humankind. In this contribution, I argue that the two intellectual traditions that have employed religion - Kantian and the modern Islamic - point to very different ways of relating to the world, to the self and the 'other', and to the political condition of modernity. Rather than using the hegemonic Western tradition to make a judgment on the modern Islamic, I use the latter to point to the former's peculiar proclivities. Using the modern tradition among Muslim intellectuals, I invite an inquiry into both from each other' s positions.

Peranan Ahmad Surkati Dalam Gerakan Pembaharuan Islam Melalui Perhimpunan Al- Irsyad 1914-1943

Dutch power in Indonesia is being intensified with the mission of Christianization. Traditional methods of suppressing Islam are considered not capable of being a solution to various problems faced by Muslims. For this reason Ahmad Surkati came to Indonesia at Jamiat Khair's request to teach. Then there was a dispute between Ahmad Surkati and other Jamiat Khair figures. This is what causes Ahmad Surkati to leave the Khair Jamaah. Then joined the non-sayyid group to establish an Islamic organization which was given the name Al-Ershad. With the aim of renewing Muslims in Indonesia. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method. While the types and sources of data used in the study are qualitative data that are sourced from primary and secondary data. From the results of the analysis, it can be seen that Ahmad Surkati is one of the leaders of Islamic reformers in Indonesia originating from Sudan. His arrival in Indonesia on the basis of Jamiat Khair's request as a teaching staff, namely in 1911. Later he founded the Association of Al-Ershad in 1914 as a place to carry out a movement for renewal. Ahmad Surkati's renewal ideas were much influenced by the renewal movements carried out by Muhammad Abduh and Rashid Ridha in Egypt. Among the innovations carried out by Ahmad Surkati can be identified through three fields. First, in the field of education, he modernized Al-Irsyad's education in all aspects, both institutionally, educational goals, curriculum content, methods and approaches and libraries for schools. Second, the field of da'wah, he founded idārat al-haq, and carried out da'wah with three ways of preaching at once, namely bi al-hāl, bi al-lisān and bi al-qalam. Third, the socio-religious field, he socializes the notion of equality of degrees, cooperates with other organizations to improve the condition of the ummah, and provides solutions about religious issues raised by the community.

Rekonstruksi Muhammad Abduh Dalam Pembaharuan Pendidikan Islam

Among many prominent figures of moslem scientist, Muhammad Abduh is one of the most passionate figures in reforming Islam. The efforts and various concepts of thought Muhammad Abduh indeed need to be appreciated, because with the concept of thinking has been able to change the habit of a static society become more dynamic. The concept of Islamic renewal by Muhammad Abduh can not be separated from the nature and character of the likes of knowledge. And the reconstructions of the thought of Muhammad Abduh in the world of Islamic Education are Purification, Reformation, Islamic Defense, and Reformulation. Based on the Four Reconstructions, the educational reform and the reformulation of the law are his ultimate focus. The factors behind the renewal of Islamic education by Muhammad Abduh were social Factor Religion and Education factor at that time Keywords: Muhammad Abduh, Islamic Education Reformlation

GAGASAN PEMBAHARUAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM MUHAMMAD ABDUH (1849-1905)

This paper analyzes the contributions of Shaykh Muhammad ‘Abduh to modernity, and his struggle for change and reform in Egyptian society. Abduh was hailed as the “first leader of modern thought in Egypt”, “the father of the 20th century Muslim thought” and “pioneers of the modernist movement in the Arab world”, whose legacy in the history of Islamic reform was significant, carrying dynamic role in the transformation and reinterpretation of Islam in contemporary thought. His contribution to Islamic modernism was clearly seen in liberalizing the educational system, transforming the Islamic worldview, and integrating western and Islamic ideals and tradition. Keywords: Muhammad Abduh, Islamic modernism, educational reform.

Muhammad Asad's the Message of the Qur'an

This paper aims to analyze the method of Qur'anic hermeneutic (al-ta'wil) as set forth by Muhammad Asad in his magnum opus, The Message of the Qur'an. Its objective is to study the underlying method he crafted in the commentary and the influence it projected in the Muslim world. The study of Muhammad Asad's method is crucial to gain an understanding of his modern worldviews, and the underlying pattern of scientific and rational thought grounded in his work, which reflected the renewal project of Islam advocated by Shaykh Muhammad Abduh and Sayid Muhammad Rashid Rida in Tafsir al-Manar.

To Review and Analyze Thoughts and Political Ideas of Muhammad Abduh and Ali Abd al-Raziq

Flows of recent Islamic awakening which changed a number of Islamic countries, this question is arisen that theoretical background of this movement should be looked at in whose thought and action. In response to this, according to the forefront of Egypt during the last two centuries, minds are directed toward Mohammad Abduh and Ali Abd al- Raziq. Muhammad Abduh and Ali Abdel are among the leaders and thinkers of the Islamic awakening in the Sunni world. Both, with common but differentiated pain about Muslim countries condition, backwardness and have been holding back their countries, had a think and they believed Islam was the final choice and tried to offer solutions in these areas that their solutions, according to performance and attitude, are notable. Therefore, the implementation of the political ideas of these two influential thinkers in the Muslim world is important. As far as studies show that, despite the great works of thought and ideas of these two scientists have been published, but no comparative studies have been discussed. Thus, due to the importance of the issue, so comparatively in this article, these two scholars of Islam world have been studied.

RELEVANSI PEMIKIRAN MUHAMMAD ABDUH TERHADAP SISTEM PENDIDIKAN DI PESANTREN

Sufism (Tasauf) Concept of Al-Ghazali which dominated in Islamic boarding school was being causal factor why didn’t the pupil or student too know about Muhammad Abduh. Abduh is a rational conceiver who considered that muslim’s deterioration caused by taklid. It was appropriate with his senior, Al-Afghani. Muhammad Abduh thought that it was caused by the stupidity doctrines, like adulating to syeikh, the teacher and others. Muhammad Abduh considered those doctrine would like to make the mind stops thinking, researching more about islam. Then, it was considered being in contradiction with culture and tradition in Islamic boarding school which all of pupil or student in Islamic boarding school have the highest obedient to their teacher.

PEMIKIRAN PENDIDIKAN MUHAMMAD ABDUH DAN PROSES MODERNISASI PESANTREN DI INDONESIA

Muhammad Abduh is one of Salaf-Sufism figure who has rational Islamic concept in modern era. He was a reformer rational concept. He said that muslim’s deterioration happened because of muslim was contaminated by unbending (jumud) in many aspects; language, Islamic law (syariah), faith and society system. For Islamic context in Indonesia, Abduh’s concept has placed important role of Islamic history in Indonesia. For example, Muhammadiyah organization. It is the proof and the result of Muhammad Abduh’s reformism in islam. As the admiration to Muhammad Abduh, Ahmad Dahlan as the founder of Muhammadiyah, include Muhammad Abduh’s concept in curriculum of Muhammadiyah Schools, especially in Risalah Tauhid.

CRITICISM ABU RAYYAH TO ABU HURAIRAH

Hadith is a collection of information about all the words, deeds and decrees of the Prophet. While the Sunnah is a concept of behavior, which is based either on the deed or only the approval of the Prophet. What is written in the hadith is not all that the Sunnah can say. But the Sunnah is also not all recorded in the Hadith. In its journey, the internal political conflict of the Muslim Ummah has for some time caused the Hadith to undergo much distortion even further falsified forgery.
 Since the 14th century H until now often mentioned as the era of revival of the second Hadith study after stagnant around the 10th - 14th century H. In addition to reaping positive responses It is also widely responded negatively by some who consider this movement as the Flow Inkar-Sunnah Modern. This reform movement was first launched by Muhammad Abduh (1266-132 H / 1849-1905 AD).
 In its development many of the figures of thought in the study of contemporary hadith that emerged after the time of Muhammad Abduh, among them is Mahmud Abu Rayyah, whose thoughts are heavily influenced and refers to the opinions of Muhammad Abduh and Muhammad Rashid Rida. In this paper will be written some data that have been collected about Mahmud Abu Rayyah and his work is quite controversial.

محمد عبده واتجاهه الأدبي في التفسير

This research strengthens the findings of the previous research which stated that Muhammad Abduh used literary paradigm in his Tafsir. Abduh, although he was known as a man of letters but there is a statement that it does not mean that Abduh’s Tafsir entirely stands on the methods and literary paradigm. Due to this reason the study is purposed. The findings of this research show that Abduh’s interpretation toward the Qur'an is not much different than what is done by the contemporary interpreters such as Amin Al-Khulli. The literary approach used by Abduh in interpreting the Qur'an it could be reviewed from linguistic description given upon words in the Qur'anic verses and the aspect of the history of the development of the meaning of those words. In addition, Abduh’s literary approach is also identical to rationalism tradition in the world of the Qur'anic exegesis scholarship. This caused Abduh to be accused as of the leftist Mu'tazilah. However, by using the inter-textual method, this research concludes that the allegation is not true.

Revival Thought of Sarfraz Khan in “Muslim Reformist Political Thought, Revivalist, Modernists and Free Will” in Accordance to the Framework of Egyptian Exegetes’ Thoughts (Pemikiran Pembaharuan Sarfraz Khan dalam “Muslim Reformist Political Thought, Revivalists, Modernists and Free Will” Menurut Wacana Pemikiran Mufassir Mesir)

This article discusses the reformist thoughts of Sarfraz Khan as reflected in his ideas about revivalism, modernism and free will and are compared with the Egyptian exegetes’ thoughts of Muhammad Abduh and Muhammad Rashid Rida. Their thoughts are analysed comparatively in order to highlight differences and to measure the degree of their agreement with the established methods of prominent scholars. Two issues have been selected, i.e. Khan’s view of enabling other than Arabic language in observing the prayers, and the issue of predetermination. This study shows that reformist thoughts associated to Khan are in disagreement with Egyptian exegetes’ thoughts and those who are in line with them.

Renewal (Tajdid) in Islamic Thought with Special Reference to Al-Ghazali and Muhammad Abduh

As one of the biggest religions, Islam has teachings concerning both faith and practice. The field of practice is generally divided into two parts: acts of worship (‘ibadat) and worldly transactions (mu‘amalat). Although change in the areas of faith and worship is definitely not accepted by Muslims, it is generally accepted that worldly affairs (mu‘amalat) can and have to change according to new circumstances. However, we need to ask some basic questions about this issue: What are the underlying principles of these changes? Exactly which areas are suitable for renewal? Who can decide on it. In this book, the author tries to answer these questions with special reference to a great scholar of the classical Islamic thought, al-Ghazali, and one of the prominent scholars of the modern Islamic thought, Muhammad Abduh.

PEMBARUAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM MENURUT MUHAMMAD ABDUH

This paper is to explore Muhammad Abduh’s thought regarding Islamic education form. The approach used is discourse and figure analysis. The result of the studies towards a number of textbooks shows that education reform by Muhammad Abduh was initialized by formulating foundation the epistemology of Muslim beliefs throught Tajdid al-Fahm (Renewal Islamic Understanding). It meanas that the basic values and principles of variety in Islam are only about the essence that need to be maintained. While the aspect of institutional historicity should be maintained actual fit with the present time, context, and world dynamic. In the context of education, Abduh implemented the priciples above by omitting dualism in education. The principle is that public school should provide religion leason and religion achool asould develope the knowledge. In organizing the materials, the fulfillments to brain and should needs should be kept balanced.