Muara Angke Research Articles

Rhizopora apiculata (Blume) Density, NDVI, and Utilization by Fishermen Community in Muara Angke Wildlife Reserve, Penjaringan District, Jakarta, Indonesia

Rhizopora apiculata is a common mangrove species found in tropical Asia, and it is also widely used by communities living near mangrove forests, including in Indonesia, due to its wood durability. This study aims to assess the status and utilization of R. apiculata, primarily by the fishermen community living near Muara Angke Wildlife Reserve in Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. The density of R. apiculata was determined by placing 100-meter-long transects from west to East in Muara Angke. While the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of R. apiculata was studied using Landsat 8 satellite images with specific near-infrared and red wavelengths. The utilization of R. apiculata was assessed through interviews with 108 fishermen. The results showed that the west parts of Muara Angke had higher density, NDVI values, and canopy covers, with the R. apiculata density, NDVI, and canopy cover ranges being 3339.5-2856.3 Ha-1 trees, 0.79-0.99 percent, and 90-100 percent. There was a positive relationship between R. apiculata density, NDVI, and cover and the distance to the fishermen's village, decreasing NDVI trends toward villages. NDVI values in R. apiculata populations located far (> 1 km) from villages were higher, while NDVI values in R. apiculata populations located close (1 km) to villages were lower. Low density and NDVI values near the village were linked to fishermen's understanding and use of R. apiculata. This research can help to conserve and sustainably use the remaining mangrove community, primarily in Jakarta Bay.

Procedure for catches data collection and its implementation: a case study of fishing ports in Jakarta

Unreported catches data is one of the main problems which causes data inaccuracy in estimating fish stock. There are indications of missing data at fishing ports. Hence further research is needed to investigate how fish catch data was collected and collated. This study aims to identify critical points for missing data in the catches data collection process at fishing ports, analyze the performance of the data collection system, and recommend suggestions for improvements to the data collection system. Direct observations on catches data collection activities and in-depth interviews with key stakeholders were conducted to gain information. The comparative analysis compared information gathered with the ports data collection procedures. The research shows that the probability of missing data during the data collection process in PPS Nizam Zachman, PPN Muara Angke, and PP Cilincing is 13.3%, 33.3%, and 100%, respectively. This is mainly because no national Standard Operation Procedures are applied to regulate the collection of catches data; hence officers cannot collect catch data correctly and adequately. Other problems that potentially cause data loss are poor infrastructure, limited human resources or enumerators, and low awareness of the data value.

Problems in paradise: Mangrove bird communities impacted by litter in Jakarta Bay, Indonesia

Human activities in Jakarta City, Indonesia, produce huge quantities of litter, much of which is dumped in mangrove habitats along the coast of Jakarta Bay. We identified three mangrove sites that contained no litter to varying amounts of litter and assessed its effect on the bird communities that are associate with those mangroves. We conducted this survey to determine how many birds are living with litter, and what sort of litter it is, and its impact on bird species during October–November 2020. The study sites were Arboretum Muara Angke (AMA), Angke-Kapuk Protection Forest, (Hutan Lindung Angke-Kapuk, HLAK), and Angke-Kapuk Nature Recreation Park (Taman Wisata Alam Angke-Kapuk, TWAAK). We also calculated the Index of Waterbird Community Integrity (IWCI) at each site and determined its relationship to litter. This index has been used previously to study the impact of anthropogenic disturbances. Litter identified in the study areas mostly consisted of plastic, followed by processed wood and rubber. Most of the litter was stranded suggesting that the mangrove roots retain litter. Of the 28 species co-occurring with litter, 10 were waterbirds. Only two species, Oriental darter (A. melanogaster) and Milky stork (M. cinerea), were never present where there was litter, showing a significant negative correlation with litter. The IWCI was highest in AMA, followed by TWAAK and HLAK. Litter also has no correlation with the IWCI, but the IWCI tended to be lower wherever litter was found in higher quantities. When monitor regularly, the decreasing values of IWCI would be useful as an alarm for an improvement in the litter management by considering the different types of mangroves based on hydrological conditions. At the end, the management activities of mangrove as part of Ramsar and litter management should be integrated.

Metals in green mussels: is there any effect on their reproduction? A preliminary study of Muara Angke, Jakarta Bay

Water pollution and its impacts on ecosystems in Jakarta Bay have been extensively studied over the years. Muara Angke is known anecdotally as one of the most heavily polluted parts of Jakarta Bay. In the context of the ongoing debate regarding contamination in the area, we present data on the concentration of metals in green mussels Perna viridis, one of the most popular edible commodities in Jakarta Bay. Histological examination of P. viridis gonads was also performed to demonstrate the direct effects of possible contamination on reproduction in this organism. The concentration of arsenic (As), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), and mercury (Hg) exceeded the upper limits of heavy metal contents in marine biota, whilst only As exceeded the maximum limits of heavy metal contents in processed food, both limits set by Indonesian government. Although the histological observation of gonad tissue after being stained with hematoxylin and eosin revealed some pathologies, high contents of metals in mussels collected in Muara Angke seemed not to affect their reproduction. Ecologically, direct impacts on the tissue of P. viridis will provide vital information needed to predict the health of the species in Muara Angke and the sustainability of the population.

Microplastic abundance and distribution in surface water and sediment collected from the coastal area

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Rapid development has increased the microplastics discharges into marine environments, including coastal waters at Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. This study is proposed to assess microplastics abundance and distribution in surface water and sediment from coastal water at Jakarta Bay.METHODS: The samples were collected from 12 locations representing Ancol, Muara Baru, and Muara Angke - Muara Karang. Samples of water and sediment were extracted to obtain the microplastics. The microplastics were identified based on their morphology (shape) and numbered for their abundance. The polymer of microplastics was determined using Raman Spectrophotometer.FINDINGS: The results showed that microplastics were successfully identified and counted in water and sediment samples at all collection points. The number of microplastics was 1532 particles in the water sample and 1419 particles in the sediment sample. The shape of microplastics observed in the water and sediment samples were fibers, films, fragments, and pellets. Among those, fiber and film were the most dominant microplastic detected both in surface water and sediment in all locations. Three polymers, namely polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene, were detected in the microplastic samples. These findings prove that microplastics with their various types are capable contaminate the aquatic environment.CONCLUSION: The most common microplastics shapes in sediment were fiber (55.7%) > film (31.1%) > fragment (9.9%) > pellet (3.2%) and for the surface water were film (53.5%) > fiber (33.9%) > fragment (7.8%) > pellet (4.7%). The abundance of microplastics in the sediment (166.8 particles/kg, 95%CI: 148.0-185.0) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in surface water (70.9 particles/L, 95%CI: 55.6-86.2). The abundance of microplastics was significantly different among locations (p < 0.05, F = 2.115), with microplastics in sediments were higher in Ancol, and Muara Angke - Muara Karang have the highest microplastics in surface water. These results can provide valuable information on which parts of the Jakarta Bay areas should be prioritized first regarding microplastics management.

Taxonomy and Antimicrobial Activity of Gliding Bacterium from Indonesian Mangroves

The discovery of new antibiotic is needed, due to the increasing antimicrobial resistance in nature. Therefore, this study aims to isolate gliding bacteria and to ascertain their antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microbes. This research was conducted by isolating gliding bacteria from mangrove sediment in Muara Angke, North Jakarta, Indonesia. All of the strains were identified by 16S rRNA genes sequencing and those selected strain was characterized using polyphasic approach. The performance of crude extracts against to ten pathogenic microorganisms were detected using serial dilution test in 96-well plates. Mangrove gliding bacteria isolates designated 313MSO and 314MSO were showed high homology to Ohtaekwangia kribbensis with 96.20% and 99.12% similarity, respectively. The polyphasic approach led to the conclusion that the strain 313MSO was a new species of the genus Ohtaekwangia. Twenty-three crude extracts were obtained from cultivating the strain in twenty-three different media. The most of them inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus Newman with the minimum concentration of 33.33-66.67 µg/ml. Four compounds (Marinoquinolines A-D) were obtained from HPLC-MS analysis. Furthermore, the strain 313MSO is presently being studied for in-depth identification of additional unknown metabolites detected in the crude extracts.

COMPARISON OF ILLEGAL-UNREPORTED-UNREGULATED FISHING PRACTICES BASED ON PORT TYPE IN JAKARTA BAY

An assessment on Comparison of Illegal-Unreported-Unregulated (IUU) Fishing practices based on type of port in Jakarta Bay conducted on 8-12 February 2021 in 2 (two) classes of fishing port namely PPS (Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudra) Nizam Zachman and PPN (Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara) Muara Angke. IUU Fishing violation practices is a fishing activity that is inconsistent and not in accordance with the conservation values and fisheries management, and violates international, regional, and national policies. Indonesia’s losses due to the practice of IUU fishing reach IDR 300 trillion annually or about 25% of Indonesia's total fishery potential. Aims of the assessment are to identify a violation rate of IUU Fishing, determine the value of IUU Fishing index and strategy for prevention and eradication of IUU Fishing practices in Jakarta Bay fishing port. Add the methods/analyse here … As a result of the studies showed that the highest of IUU Fishing violation rate occured at PPN Muara Angke which were about 184 of vessels compare with PPS Nizam Zachman which were only 63 vessels that contravene with rules. In addition, according to the index values of IUU Fishing at both fishing ports were moderate namely about 2,03 for PPS Nizam Zachman and 1,77 for PPN Muara Angke. Furthermore, based on the result of SWOT analysis that there are 3 (three) strategies to prevent and eradicate IUU Fishing practices consisted of: i) the strategy of optimization of integrated services which has a weight value of about 33,5%; ii) the strategy of establishment of law enforcement institution forum which has a weight value of about 31,3%; iii) the strategy of administration sanction for offender of unreported fishing which has a weight value of about 20,3%; and iv) the strategy of strengthening of vessels owner or patron (collectors) which has a weight value of about 15,0%

Kendala dan strategi operasi penangkapan ikan alat tangkap bubu di Muara Angke, Jakarta

Compared to other businesses, fishing is a high-risk economic activity. To minimize risk, it is necessary to the management of fishing operations. Due to limited capital and fish resources, the goal of fishing operations management is to minimize operating costs and maximize capture catches. However, understanding the strategy of fishing operations is rarely understood and considered less important. To understand the strategy of fishing operations, a study has been conducted in Muara Angke, Jakarta. The aims of this study are to analyze the constraints of fishing operations and adaptation strategies which developed by fishermen trap in fishing operations. The results suggest that there are three major constraints faced by the fishing traps in the arrest operation, namely climate, fishing season and venture capital. In response to the constraints and issues, the fisherman traps are still carried out regular fishing strategy.

Perluasan Hutan Mangrove dalam Mitigasi Risiko Bencana Pemanasan Global: Kegiatan PkM di Kawasan Pesisir Muara Angke Jakarta

One of the disasters caused by humans is global warming. Global warming is a big problem that is being faced by all human beings and living things on earth. One of the activities that can be carried out in mitigating the risk of global warming is through Mangrove Ecosystem Rehabilitation. The existence of the Mangrove ecosystem in the coastal area of ​​DKI Jakarta Province is currently experiencing a decline in line with the development that changes the function of the area from a protected function to a cultivation function. One area that has experienced this is the coastal area in Muara Angke which has had a negative impact on the environment, namely the function of protecting and securing the coast will naturally be lost. In this 2021 Community Service program, STMA Trisakti has participated in helping to solve the problem of the rate of degradation of the Mangrove Forest by planting 1000 mangrove seedlings in the Muara Angke Eco-tourism area. The planting was carried out on World Environment Day on 5 June 2021.

Microplastic contamination in Indonesian anchovies from fourteen locations

Abstract. Ningrum EW, Patria MP. 2021. Microplastic contamination in Indonesian anchovies from fourteen locations. Biodiversitas 23: 125-134. Microplastics in seawater can enter into the food chain of pelagic fish with subsurface foraging behavior such as anchovies (Stolephorus spp.). Anchovies are valuable commercial fish with high market demand. Hence, measuring potential marine pollutants in these fish is needed. Microplastics as marine contaminants are reportedly more dangerous if they occur together with other contaminants such as trace metals. This research aims to detect microplastic contaminants in anchovies caught in the Indonesia Sea. This research compared between the microplastic contamination on anchovies from 14 harbors: 6 in Western Indonesia (Meulaboh, Krui, Pangkalpinang, Muara Angke, Karimunjawa, and Sidoarjo) and 8 in Eastern Indonesia (Manado, Mamuju, Makassar, Kendari, Ambon, Sorong, Fakfak, and Waingapu). We isolated the digestive tracts of anchovies and measured their length and dry weight. The organic materials were digested with NaOH and a technical-grade sodium Laureth sulfate (SLES) solution approximately one week after collection. Microplastics were observed using a microscope and confirmed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). We found that most microplastic contaminants in anchovies were in fiber and film shapes. The majority of the sizes ranged from 50-500 ?m, followed by a range of 20-50 ?m. Microplastics were surprisingly high in samples from Mamuju (688±1.15 MPs idv-1) and Krui (645±7.02 MPs idv-1), higher than any contaminated biota ever reported for anchovies. As reported, anchovies from the Indonesia Sea are contaminated by microplastics. Moreover, human exposure to microplastic contaminants is possible and may affect consumer health in long-term exposure.

Untangling the Indonesian tangle net fishery: Describing a data‐poor fishery targeting large, threatened rays (Superorder Batoidea)

Abstract Shark‐like rays (Order Rhinopristiformes) are among the most threatened families of marine fish, yet little is known about their populations. These rays are normally taken as opportunistic catch in fisheries targeting other species and are thus poorly reported. One exception is the Indonesian tangle net fishery, which targets shark‐like rays. Market surveys of Muara Angke landing site in Jakarta, north‐western Java were conducted between 2001 and 2005, and the landed catch from the tangle net fishery was recorded (the Muara Angke landing site includes landings from more than one fishery). In total, 1,559 elasmobranchs (sharks and rays) were recorded, comprising 24 species of rays and nine species of sharks. The most abundant species landed were the pink whipray Pateobatis fai and the bottlenose wedgefish Rhynchobatus australiae, the latter being the main target species. Catch composition varied based on differences in species catchability and may also be indicative of localized declines. The fishery was highly selective for larger sized individuals, while smaller size classes of many ray species, including the target species, were also caught in other Indonesian fisheries, resulting in fishing pressure across all age classes. The decline of tangle net vessels in the fishery and the potential shift in catch composition in the Indonesian tangle net fishery increase concerns about the status of shark‐like rays and stingrays in Indonesia.

Morphometric and genetic identification of Mackerel (Rastrelliger sp.) collected from Muara Baru Fish Market, Jakarta

Ecosystems in Indonesia have a lot of potential resources, and one of them is seafood resources. Mackerel is potential catches of fish in the Jakarta Bay (as part of Java Sea area) that has high economic value. The Java Sea has only two mackerel species, Rastrelliger brachysoma and R. kanagurta which have similar morphology. Therefore in this study was conducted to compare morphometric and molecular analysis (DNA barcoding) using COI sequences so that specific species from specimens could be identified. The analyzed fish samples have striking characteristics such as blackline on the back, a black line near the pectoral fins, and a dark body part is extending above the rib line. The dorsal fins have a yellowish-gray color, yellowish pectoral, and pectoral fins.The result showed that measurements characteristic features of mackerels in Muara Angke belonging to Rastrelliger genera. DNA Barcoding analysis showed that the collected sample identified as Rastrelliger kanagurta with 99.25% identification similarity. The DNA code can distinguish between all fish species and identify the eggs, larvae, and carcass pieces of this species. So that fish in fish landings can be identified and tagged according to their species. This study has successfully identified a sample from Muara Angke by using a DNA code and therefore would be beneficial for managing food controlling and food safety concerns. Keywords: molecular identification, DNA barcoding, Rastrelliger kanagurta, morphological analysisÂ

The Relationship Between Socioeconomic Status and Household Water Requirement in Muara Angke Inundation Area, Jakarta

Jakarta has approximately 40 percent of the area below sea level at high tide, one of which is located at Muara Angke. The area of Muara Angke experiences inundation and has groundwater contaminated by urban community activities and saltwater intrusion. As for the purpose in this research is two calculate the relationship between socioeconomic status and household water requirement. This research was conducted for 5 months from March to July during the Covid-19 pandemic. Respondents were 40 households which were determined by simple random sampling. Multiple regression is used to determine the relationship between the independent variables and dependent variable. The results showed that there was a strong relationship between socioeconomic status and household water requirement because the value was above 0.8. The value R Square obtained is 78.9% which can be interpreted that the independent variables contribute 78.9% to the dependent variable and remaining 21.1% is influenced by other factors. The most influential variable is the number of household members.

Potential Source Analysis of Macrodebris in Untung Java Island by Using Trajectory Particle Modelling

Untung Java is one of the small islands in Thousand islands. One of the most highlighted problems on this island is the accumulation of macrodebris that occurs in the coastal and mangrove ecosystems. The purpose of this study is to determine the most potential source point for distributing debris to Untung Java Island by using a hydrodynamic model and particle trajectory model of MIKE 21. The scenario of the simulation is using pre-reclamation condition in 1999 and 2019. The estuary in Jakarta Bay is illustrated as the starting point for debris transport. Five other estuaries as potential source assumption are selected, namely Cisadane, Citarum, Muara Angke, Ciliwung and Cikeas. The validation data model used tidal data from Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) Sea Level Monitoring by utilizing Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) method. The RMSE is calculated up to 0.49-12.78%. The tidal current of Jakarta Bay is simulated up to 0.015-0.375 m/s. The Cisadane estuary is the most potential source as a supplier of macrodebris to Untung Java Island due to its debris movement pattern and the nearest distance to the island.

The Selectivity of Purse Seine Againt Euthynnus affinis Catch in PPN Muara Angke Jakarta

Purse seine is one of the fishing gear that has been used by PPN Muara Angke fisher to catch pelagis fish. The selectivity of purse seine was still being researched until now . This research was conducted determine the selectivity of purse seine fishing gear with parameter the length of Euthynnus affinis, weight and numbers catch on purse seine fishing gear landed in PPN Muara Angke. The research used a survey method with quantitative descriptive analysis. The sampling method used in this was purposive sampling and random sampling. The data collected during the research were primary data and secondary data. Primary data included the number and weight of catches, fork length of Euthynnus affinis from five purse seine fishing vessel in PPN Muara Angke. Secondary data included production data of purse seine catches from 2015-2019 and vessel data obtained from Central Port Management Unit Jakarta and PPN Muara Angke. Purposive sampling used for the number of catch, weight of catch, production of purse seine catch from 2015-2019 and purse seine fishing vessels data. Random sampling used for fork length Euthynnus affinis fish, 250 samples were taken randomly on one purse seine fishing vessel. The research results pusre seine fishing gear which was landed at PPN Muara Angke was not selective due to the percentage length of the Euthynnus affinis was worth, proportion of amount and weight less than 60%.

Environmentally friendly fish processing center in Muara Angke, Jakarta

Indonesia is the largest maritime country in the world with two thirds of its territory consisting of territorial waters. Indonesia ha more than 17,000 islands, around 5.8 million km2 of sea, and 81,000 km length of coast. Indonesia Ocean is quite extensive and the sea products are quite diverse. Samudera Indonesia produces many types of shrimp, large pelagic fish (Tuna, Sharks, etc.), with a production of 1,076,890.00 tons / year. To realize the vision of the World Maritime Axis, several things must be considered, namely, sea spatial planning and maritime infrastructure and connectivity development. To support this government plan, the author wants to develop the Muara Angke Fish Market, which is the Center for Marine Products Processing at Muara Angke with the Waterfront Themes Approach. Muara angke is a fairly large supplier of marine products in Jakarta. The sea products come not only from the catch of local fishermen, but also from other regional fishermen. Muara angke has become a center for marine product trade, therefore the development of sea product processing has been able to encourage investment and business growth in the field of marine, diverse marine products and diverse processing capable of making Muara Angke as the Center for Processing of Marine Products. Its location on the edge of the sea is also a potential for the application of the Waterfront theme.

The application of energy saving to the Kali Adem Muara Angke Port design

The level of sea transportation use in Indonesia is getting higher and higher, so it must be balanced with the improvement in the quality of port supporting infrastructure. The Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta will revitalize Kali Adem Port, which will also be assisted by the Thousand Islands Regency Government, considering that Kali Adem Port is one of the gateways to the Thousand Islands. Kali Adem Port is a passenger port located on Jalan Dermaga, Pluit, Penjaringan, North Jakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta. Kali Adem Harbor serves tourists who want to visit several islands in the Thousand Islands, and residents of Pulau Seribu who want to buy some daily necessities from Jakarta. Passenger density, problems with access and circulation, and several other problems require this Port to improve its quality and quantity. This port should have designed to pay attention to the environment, such as applying the eco-tect theme to this building, as well as the waterfront concept to maximize the potential of the existing sea. In this design the concept of shading is applied to the facade to maximize comfort and the application of energy-saving lighting in buildings and the Port and its plazas

Kajian Hidro-Oseanografi Untuk Rehabilitasi Suaka Margasatwa Muara Angke – Jakarta Utara

Muara Angke Wildlife Reserve (MAWR) is the smallest natural reserve area in Indonesia with a wetland ecosystem type, dominated by open swamp and mangroves, and greatly influenced by freshwater from the Angke River. Although small, this region plays an important role in protecting biodiversity, especially for mangrove ecosystems in Jakarta. However, this area has suffered severe degradation because of river pollution and decreasing salinity so that rehabilitation efforts carried out to maintain the presence of mangrove ecosystems. We asses the hydro oceanographic aspects, i.e. tidal conditions, sedimentation and bathymetry by conducting field survey and modeling. Based on the results, there is 0.35 m increase in the water level compare to previous period. The value of Formzhal 2.47 is obtained which indicates the mixed tide prevailing diurnal type, mainly because of the influence of the river, although sometimes their mixed tides with very different heights and periods. The tidal mounts in Muara Angke based on the Admiralty method are 0.94 meters. Then, from the results of the sediment test, it was found the type of mud sediment with a value of TSS between 23 mg/l - 74 mg/l. The result of this study is that the sustainability of the mangrove ecosystem in Muara Angke Wildlife Reserve depends on these three aspects. There needs to be mitigation efforts to reduce sedimentation and overcome freshwater immersion from rivers so that mangrove rehabilitation in this region can be successful.

Optimalization of cross ventilation at family room for fisherman flats in Muara Angke, North Jakarta

This paper presents the study on one aspect of natural ventilation, which is cross ventilation. The study is aimed to investigate the optimal louvre window type to maximize the wind speed required to enter the room in order to maintain the comfort ventilation inside the room. This aspect is necessary because the vertical housing is aimed for fishermen at MuaraAngke that have low income economy and could not afford to pay for excess energy usage for air conditioning. The result shows that not all type of louvre could maximize the wind speed required. The steps of the study is as follows: (1) to study the optimum wind speed required for comfort ventilation, (2) to study the aspects of cross ventilation, (3) to study the optimal louvre window type that can maximize the wind speed required.

Environmental Attributes Review of Muara Angke Fish Market and Auction, Jakarta, Indonesia

Environmental attributes as a design quality assessment material have been put forward since 1980. Muara Angke Fish Market and Auction is the largest fish auction facility in Indonesia. Its development has received attention from the community for a long time. This article intends to examine the quality of the Muara Angke design by using environmental attributes proposed by Weisman in 1980. The study was conducted by first determining the attributes to be used, namely activity, accessibility, and sociality. The research method is descriptive qualitative by examining these three aspects at Muara Angke Fish Market and Auction. Market facilities and fish auction in Muara Angke are considered feasible in terms of activities and sociality. However, accessibility needs to be improved. The combination of one-door access and linear circulation is suitable to reach all points, but the absence of distribution of circulation paths between sellers, buyers, and goods makes the main route congested, especially in the active phase of the market, namely at night.Keywords: Activity, Accessibility, Environmental Attributes, Muara Angke Fish Market and Auction, Sociality