MS Excel Spreadsheet Research Articles

To study the effect of ‘Covishield’ vaccination on pre-donation platelet counts of plateletpheresis donors

IntroductionApproximately 55.52% of the Indian population had been fully vaccinated by Jan. 2022, since its first roll out on January 16, 2021. A few concerns were raised concerning the Covishield vaccination related to thrombotic thrombocytopenia. Apheresis-derived platelet concentrates are frequently required in a plethora of clinical situations and post-vaccination decrement of platelet counts might lead to increased deferral of the platelet-pheresis donors. Objectives. The aim of the study was to discover the effect of the Covishield vaccination on deferral rates of plateletpheresis donors. MethodsBlood samples were collected from the potential platelet donors for the completion of the standard questionnaire for the complete blood count. The data collected were tabulated in the MS Excel spreadsheet and the biostatistical analysis was performed with the SPSS v23. A p-value of < 0.05 was taken as significant. We compared this data with age- and sex-matched controls. ResultsThe mean age of cases and controls was 29.69 ± 8.57 and 30.15 ± 7.11, respectively. There was a significant difference in platelet counts of cases (188496.35 ± 72065.66/cumm) and controls (269524.50 ± 53981.60/cumm). Furthermore, donors who received one dose had higher platelet counts of 248676.47 ± 80075.24/cumm than those who received both doses of vaccine (179970.83 ± 66773.73/cumm) . The difference in deferral rates between the two groups was remarkable (34.7% vs. 0.9%, with the p-value < 0.001). ConclusionVaccination certainly increased the deferral rates of plateletpheresis donors due to low platelet counts. Average platelet counts were low in fully vaccinated individuals, however, the platelets returned to normal counts as the post-vaccination days progressed.

Cities with poviat status in Poland and their financial condition

The study, devoted to the assessment of the financial condition of cities with poviat status (CWPS) in Poland, aims (i) to position cities with poviat status in the structure of local government and (ii) to examine and assess the average financial condition of city with poviat status in Poland in the spatial aspect, using standard measures (measures referring to the budget result, income potential and the amount of expenses) and those of the authors’ (reflecting the possibility of satisfying the needs of the local government community). The study uses the methods of descriptive statistics. Detailed analyses were carried out on the basis of the authors’ own calculations, using an MS Excel spreadsheet, and the calculated measures were presented for two deliberately selected years (2010 and 2019). The analyses present different pictures of the financial conditions: while the values produced by standard measures in 2019 compared to 2010 clearly indicate an improvement in the financial condition of analysed cities in Poland, the values derived from the authors’ measures do not confirm this. Changes in the values of both groups of indicators are spatially diverse. Both groups, however, indicate that there are voivodeships whose financial condition improved more in 2019 compared to 2010 (classical indicators) or deteriorated to a lesser extent (authors’ indicators) than other voivodeships. This applies to the provinces of Western and Central Poland. CWPS in these regions, due to their location and impact in the region, as well as their attractiveness as places of employment doing business: 1) have been better prepared to start new investments and incur further commitments; 2) attract high school and university graduates and investors; 3) have a large stock of real estate, including extensive infrastructure; and 4) are less dependent on transfers from the state budget.

A Prospective Study on Correlation of First Trimester Crown-Rump Length With Birth Weight.

BackgroundUltrasound examination has been a crucial part of the evaluation of fetal health during pregnancy. It has become more accurate over the past few decades as a result of advances in radiodiagnostic imaging. While obstetric ultrasonography in the first trimester has been utilized extensively for gestational age assessment and confirmation of fetal viability, the imaging technique has seen little exposure in predicting pregnancy outcomes. This study was thus undertaken to find out any possible association between one of the first trimester parameters, i.e. crown-rump length (CRL) noted at the beginning of a pregnancy, and the birth weight of the neonate.MethodsThis prospective cohort study conducted at a teaching hospital in India spanning over a period of eighteen months included women with a spontaneously conceived intrauterine pregnancy at six to ten weeks period of gestation as calculated from the last menstrual period. Transvaginal sonography was performed for all such women and the CRL was noted. These CRL values were then compared to a standard nomogram and assigned to either of three categories i.e. CRL <5th centile, 5th to 95th centile, or >95th centile. The women were then followed up at the hospital with standard care till the end of their pregnancy, and finally, the birth weights were noted. Data were recorded in an MS Excel spreadsheet program and analysis was performed with regard to CRL in the first trimester and birth weights using SPSS v23 (IBM Corp.).ResultsCrown-rump lengths and birth weights of 104 cases were evaluated. The mean age of the study population was 26.6 years and the mean period of gestation (weeks) was 8.28 ± 1.01. The incidence of low birth weight (LBW) in the study was 22.1%. The distribution of LBW was significantly different between the three CRL categories (χ2 = 15.868, p = <0.001), being considerably higher in the CRL <5th centile category. No embryos with CRL >95th centile had low birth weight.ConclusionsOur study suggested a congruence between the crown-rump length of an embryo noted in the first trimester and its weight at birth, with low birth weight being a fairly common occurrence in the deficient CRL category. This study highlights the role of a carefully performed first-trimester ultrasound examination in possibly predicting an adverse pregnancy outcome such as low birth weight and the probable inherent tendency of growth restriction in fetuses that are destined to develop the same.

Prospects for the development of the banking business of Ukraine in the conditions of global challenges

Methods. The theoretical and scientific-methodological basis of the research is the provisions of economic science, the theory of banking and the monetary system. To assess the level of lending and the risk of credit activities during the period of global challenges, official statistical data were used, and their analysis was performed using statistical and graphical methods. With the use of MS Excel spreadsheets to construct trend lines, a forecast of credit activity and the share of non-performing loans in Ukraine during the martial law period was made. The method of generalization was used in determining the external and internal factors that can affect the banking sector and cause a banking crisis. Results. Specific features and problems of functioning of the banking system of Ukraine in the period of global economic and political challenges are identified. The role played by the effective development of the banking system in the current state of economic development at the national and global levels is defined. It was revealed that the banking system in Ukraine is extremely vulnerable to changes in the global financial markets, which is associated with a constant increase in the volume of attracting external international financial resources to finance the state and financial sectors of the economy. It has been established that global crises affect the state of crediting of the Ukrainian economy, as well as the level of non-repayment of loans. The main ways of activity of the National Bank of Ukraine, aimed at overcoming the negative impact of global crises have been determined taking into account the international experience of banking activity. Novelty. The study determined the impact of global crises on lending by Ukrainian banks to the economic activities of subjects, in particular the Covid-19 pandemic and military actions on the territory of Ukraine. Practical value. Ways to overcome the banking crisis in Ukraine are proposed using international experience and taking into account such factors as the country’s state of war and prospects for its joining the EU.

Definition of medicine shelf-life based on the assessment of the total risk of false conformity decisions due to measurement uncertainty – A multiparameter approach

The ICH quality guidelines define how drug stability study should be accomplished in order to obtain a safe shelf life. To assess the risks of decision making one must consider the measurement uncertainty information. The stability study must consider the conformity assessment of all parameters (content, degradation product, among others), but the ICH approach does not consider the use of uncertainty information and considers the evaluation of only the most critical parameter to define the shelf life time. In this way, the current approach does not make it possible to assess the total consumer's risk, which can lead to the risk of obtaining a longer shelf life than the drug supports. The present study proposes to consider the uncertainty information in the definition of the shelf life, simultaneously considering all the parameters tested in the stability study. A MS-Excel spreadsheet was developed and made available as supplementary material (Stability_4Risk) for risk values calculation and shelf life definition, considering a stability study data and simultaneous parameters evaluation. The measurement uncertainty information, regression model types, metrological correlation of measured results, specification limits and the simultaneous parameters evaluation impacted on the risks and, consequently, on the definition of the shelf life. Thus, it was possible to establish a new approach for the definition of a safe shelf life, based on total consumer's risk, considering the measurement uncertainty and the simultaneous parameters evaluation, which guarantees the quality, efficacy and safety of medicines until its shelf life.

Optimisation of the uncertainty of oil spill identification from replicate comparative analyses: Comparison of standardised and novel identification methods

Oil spill identifications involve the comparison of oil fingerprints between the oil spill and suspected oil sources, defined by ratios between the abundances of oil-discriminating compounds, Diagnostic Ratios (DR). The normalised Nordtest and EN 15522-2 methodologies use Student's t statistic (S-t) or a maximum relative difference (SC) to compare mean DR from replicate sample analysis. While the S-t method assumes the normality of DR distribution, the SC method is based on controlled DR dispersion. However, when false, the assumptions and approximations adopted can lead to low true identification rates. This work presents a novel computational tool for the statistically sound oil spill identification that allows following requirements defined by EN 15522–2, the comparison of replicate DR determinations, and the use of different DR sets and formats. The tool uses the Monte Carlo Method (MCM) to describe the probability distribution of the difference of mean DR, allowing estimating the probability of the true acceptance of fingerprints equivalence. The studied methods were applied to the comparison of signals from the same oil and to a real scenario reproduced in an International Round Robin Test. The methods were compared considering the probabilities of true acceptance of oil patterns equivalence based on a single, γ, or various, δ, DR. The MCM method performs identifications with γ equivalent to the defined confidence level for the comparison, P. Since the various DR studied are not perfectly correlated, the δ is below P. The number of replicate analyses performed and the DR considered in the comparison affect identification performance. The S-t produces comparison criteria with a γ lower than P. The SC criteria for duplicate analysis is associated with a δ lower than the obtained by the MCM. A user-friendly MS-Excel spreadsheet is available to perform oil pattern comparisons using various methods and conditions.

Saving Energy by Optimizing Warehouse Dock Door Allocation

As energy consumption constantly gains importance, it has become one of the major issues in managing logistics systems. However, it is ranked against other company priorities, and the rationalization for investing in energy needs to be justified by the savings achieved. A solution for reducing energy consumption via electric forklifts for performing docking operations at distribution centers, which requires no investments in infrastructure or equipment, is outlined in this paper. The solution is based on optimizing inbound dock door allocation, and the energy savings are quantified using a simulation model. A case study of a local FMCG distributor’s logistics center was conducted to collect the data and information needed for modeling inbound docking operations and performing simulation experiments. The optimal dock door allocation was obtained using a linear programming method using an MS Excel spreadsheet optimizer (Solver), while the simulation of the docking operations was carried out using FlexSim simulation software. The experimental results show that the solution outlined in this paper enables savings in the electric energy consumption of forklifts of between 12.8% and 14.5%, compared to the empirical solution applied by the company in the case study. The intended contribution of this paper is not limited to presenting an applicable solution for energy savings in performing logistics processes, but also aims to draw the attention of more researchers and companies to the ways in which logistics processes are managed and performed in terms of raising energy efficiency.

Investigating the Effects of Am rap and Classic Cross-fit Training in Freestyle Wrestlers on Physical Fitness Parameters

This study aims to investigate anaerobic strength alterations of wrestlers who perform AMRAP (As many reps as possible) and Classic CrossFit pieces of training. The research was implemented on 32 male wrestlers who were challenged in the Turkish Wrestling 1st League in the season of 2018-2019. The volunteer participants taken part in test groups performed CrossFit models in the preseason for 8-weeks; Group I (Classic CrossFit) and Group II (CrossFit AMRAP). Bodyweight, height, and age values were recorded respectively by creating measuring parkour and arranged on MS Excel spreadsheet program. Two-factor variance analysis was used in repetitive measurements for identifying the differences between pre and final measuring anaerobic strength values of the participants. As findings, it was observed there was a significant difference in terms of group x time interaction dimension in back squat movement, 1 min on behalf of AMRAP. According to the simple effect test results, there were significant values in both groups. The numerical increase in some performance values of the AMRAP CrossFit training group after 8-weeks of training was more prominent than the classic CrossFit training group. In addition, AMRAP CrossFit training was effective in reducing body weight. Both models were found to have a positive effect on their physical capacities effectively. Although there are studies on CrossFit in the literature, there is no significant study on AMRAP and thus this study might be the pioneer in terms of contributions to the literature and lead to further comments on sports science as well. Thus, this study is significant to reveal the effectiveness of Amrap and CrossFit training on physical fitness parameters.

PERCEPTIONS REGARDING ORAL CANCER AMONG MEDICAL AND NURSING GRADUATES: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY IN A MEDICAL COLLEGE IN SOUTH KARNATAKA

ntroduction: Oral cancer ranks sixth among all types of cancer. India has the largest number of oral cancer cases and one-third of the total burden of globally.Though early detection of oral cancer provide long term survival and affordable healthcare, it still poses a signicant public health problem in India due to diagnosis in advanced stages, lack of accesibility to trained healthcare professionals and economical constraints for advanced facilities This cross sectional, lack of accesibility based study was conducted at Mandya Institute of MedicalMaterials and Methods: Sciences, Mandya to assess the perceptions regarding oral cancer among 100 MBBS and 100Nursing graduates from South Karnataka. A structured proforma was used to interview the participants which included (a) General information (b) Problem statement (c) Risk factors (d) Signs &amp; Symptoms (e) Diagnosis, and (f) Treatment &amp; prevention. Data was entered in MS excel spreadsheet. Descriptive analysis like proportion, mean, standard deviation, etc. was used. Statistical tests to detect signicant difference or association like T test, chi square test, etc was used. Results: The mean age of medical graduates was 25.9 ± 0.7 years and the mean age of nursing graduates was 23.1 ± 0.8 years. In this study 61.0% of the medical graduates were males whereas 86.0% of nursing graduates were female. The knowledge regarding the disease burden among medical graduates was 41.0% and that among nursing graduates was 23.0%. 86% of MBBS graduates and 84% of nursing graduates perceived smoking, chewing tobacco and tobacco with alcohol as risk factors for oral cancer. Most of the medical graduates (82.5%) and nursing graduates (87.5%) perceived white patch and weight loss as clinical features of oral cancer.Clinical examination as an aid to diagnose oral cancer was upheld by 89.0% of medical and 95.0% of nursing graduates. 95.0% of medical graduates knew that early stages could be treated with surgery and chemo- radiotherapy was preferred for advanced stage of the disease compared to 42.0% nursing graduates.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКОЕ ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ МЕТОДОВ МАШИННОГО ОБУЧЕНИЯ НА ПРИМЕРЕ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ АКТИВНОСТИ ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗНОГО ПРОЦЕССА У ЛИЦ С МИНИМАЛЬНЫМИ ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗНЫМИ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯМИ, ВЫЯВЛЕННЫМИ НА РЕНТГЕНОГРАММЕ ОРГАНОВ ГРУДНОЙ КЛЕТКИ

Background: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), over 23% of the human population infected with tuberculosis bacilli – M.tuberculosis. For each infected person, the likelihood of a transition from a state of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) to active tuberculosis remains. WHO considers testing and treatment for LTBI in groups at high risk of reactivations as a necessary condition for tuberculosis elimination. Early detection of the transition of LTBI into active tuberculosis presents a certain difficulty due to the absence of clinically and radiographically distinguishable symptoms of the onset of the disease, therefore, immunodiagnostics, including the use of a skin test with a recombinant tuberculosis allergen, and methods of clinical laboratory diagnostics come to the aid of clinicians. The objective of our study was to demonstrate the possibilities of using an artificial intelligence system to identify the level of activity of tuberculosis infection in children with the presence of small tuberculosis changes in the respiratory organs, detected by X-ray. Material and methods The total number of patients registered in anti-tuberculosis institutions enrolled in the study was 489, including: the main group – a training sample consisting of patients with confirmed active tuberculosis (n1 = 369); the control group – a test sample of patients in whom the pathogen was in an inactive form (n2 = 120). As variables for calculations: anamnesis, laboratory parameters and X-ray data, were obtained by routine methods and used in accordance with current national standards of care and clinical guidelines, which did not require additional invasive interventions, equipment and material costs. The above survey results: age, gender, medical history, BCG vaccination, blood biochemical parameters in dynamics, X-ray signs, formalized according to the binary principle (presence / absence), were retrieved from patients files into the study database based on MS Excel spreadsheets for further processing. At the initial stage, the Wolfram Mathematica software package was used for calculations; six classical machine learning (ML) methods were carried out: Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes, Nearest Neighbors, Neural Network and Random Forest. Results: The results of the calculations based on combinations of categorical features did not suit us in terms of the quality of the forecast, and we proceeded to the search for a decision rule based on quantitative features. All spelled above methods predicted the presence of the disease significantly better than its absence. The Random Forest method showed the best results for both categorical and quantitative traits, however, interpretation of its results was not possible for clinical decision making. Convinced of the non-optimality of applying classical ML methods, it was decided to apply the author’s committee machine method with the possibility of minimal correction of conditions for significantly different cardinalities of the separable sets and subsequent geometric interpretation of the results. As a result of the application of the committee machine method, 7 most informative parameters were identified to create a decision rule that makes possible to distinguish patients with inactive pathogen and who do not require treatment in children with suspected tuberculosis. Conclusion: the committee machine method in a geometric formulation lead to localize areas in the feature space that correspond to sick and healthy patients from the training sample. That areas were unambiguously described in the form of a system of inequalities and could be easily explained to clinicians and allow moving from a geometric interpretation to a meaningful description of cause-and-effect relationships between the laboratory parameters in a certain area and the patient’s condition.

Coverage evaluation of Mass Drug Administration (MDA) for lymphatic filariasis in a district of Bundelkhand Region of Uttar Pradesh

Introduction: Lymphatic filariasis results in severe disability that leading to severe social and economic burden at each level from individual to family, and community. This study was carried out to assess the coverage and compliance of MDA. Methods: From 300 households (1837 individuals) in both rural &amp; urban area were covered in coverage evaluation survey by systematic selection of subunits using probability proportionate to size (PPS). Each household was visited by WHO designated team and data were collected using predesigned questionnaire. Data was compiled on MS-excel spreadsheet, frequency and percentage were calculated. Results: The overall effective coverage for all drugs was low (19.1%). The coverage was low, compliance was higher in urban as compared to rural area. Females had better coverage and compliance than males. The primary reasons for drug not offered was nobody came to offer drug, drug not swallowed was not sick, drug swallowed was useful information from drug administrator (DA). Only one female reported adverse effect. Conclusion: Increase in coverage along with decrease in coverage-compliance gap is needed to achieve filariasis elimination that warrants intense IEC activities using different platforms, development of better drug delivery strategies and strengthening monitoring system.

Utilizing microsoft excel spreadsheet technology to improve senior secondary school students’ achievement and retention in quadratic function in Nigeria education

This study examined effect of Ms-Excel spreadsheet technology on senior secondary two students’ achievement and retention in quadratic function graphs in Education Zone C Benue State, Nigeria. The study employed a quasi-experimental, non-randomized pre-test post-test control group design. A sample of 302 SS 2 students from two schools in Benue education zone C were selected from a population of 10,918 SS 2 students for the study using purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using Quadratic Function Achievement Test (QFAT) and Quadratic Function Retention Test (QFRT) instruments. The instruments were validated by five experts, two in Mathematics Education, one in Measurement and Evaluation and two Mathematics teachers. The reliability of QFAT was 0.82. Research questions were answered using mean, standard deviations and percentages (scatter gram) while hypotheses were tested using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) at 0.05 level of significance. The results of the study showed among others, that SS2 students taught quadratic function graphs using Ms-Excel spreadsheet technology improved more on their achievement and retention with no gender difference. Among suggestions made were, the need to create awareness among Mathematics teachers, Mathematics educators and curriculum planners to integrate Ms-Excel spreadsheet in particular and ICT in general as a teaching strategy in Mathematics teaching and learning process.

Role of Fellows of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons in the Management of COVID-19 Crisis

The first case of COVID-19 in Bangladesh was declared in March 08, 2020 and since then we are fighting against this deadly pandemic under the prudent and dynamic leadership of Hon’ble Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina as Chief Advisor. The active, sincere and dedicated efforts of Prime Minister’s Office, Cabinet Division, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and other different ministries have proved this COVID battle to be a winning game for our country. All the doctors, nurses and health workers played the pivotal role along with administration, police and all others. Among the frontline doctors, the fellows and members of all specialties of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons (BCPS) had a significant participation. They remain to be appraised. This review article probes to reveal the enormous contributions of all fellows and members of BCPS in various sectors of the COVID-19 battle in Bangladesh. This paper analyzed all activities of BCPS fellows and members by collecting data from the COVID-19 dedicated hospitals, Directorate General of Health Services, Bangladesh and directly from fellows of BCPS. A systematic search in the net was also performed using specific search words to extract relevant data and articles published on COVID-19 from Bangladesh. A non-probability sampling technique was used without any structured questionnaire. Data were directly included in MS excel spread sheet. Simple description analysis was performed and results were expressed in tables and charts. We found that fellows and members of BCPS took a significant leadership and provided supreme dedicated services in almost all fields of COVID-19 crisis; e.g. frontline patientcare, education and training, national policy making, research and publication and nationwide guidance and awareness build-up. Among the doctors of government COVID-19 dedicated hospitals in Dhaka, about 650 fellows participated in treating about 1.5 lacs admitted patients. First interim guideline on COVID-19 management in Bangladesh was published by fellows in executive committee of Bangladesh Society of Medicine. It was later transformed into national guideline by DGHS. Fellows were the leaders at national level. The National Technical Advisor Committee and Directorate General of Health Services of Bangladesh are the two main bodies who lead the war in the frontline and both are headed by fellows of BCPS. Journal of BCPS was the first in Bangladesh to publish COVID-19 supplement issue on July 31, 2020 with 12 original articles. So far 128 COVID related articles from BCPS fellows have been published in national and international journals. Fellows fought in the frontline in every sector, shoulder to shoulder with all doctors and health workers of Bangladesh. They have triumphed their beloved college, Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons, to be one of the greatest centers of excellence for the medical education and patient care in Bangladesh. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2022; 40: 19-27

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF A DAILY DIET QUALITY FOR PRIMARY SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN

The problem of designing a balanced diet for primary school-aged children as a very important lever to improve the health of children and adults is considered. It is demonstrated that children's nutrition differs from adult nutrition in several signs, in particular, it needs calcium in an easily digestible form, more nutrients and energy per unit of body weight, requires the use of gentle processing methods such as cooking, stewing and baking, removing some ingredients from the diet, etc. It is proposed to use mathematical models of the recipe and nutritional composition of rations for the design of rations, taking into account restrictions on the content of raw materials in the diet, ratios that ensure a high balance of fat, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium, as well as the conditions for the enrichment of diets with certain deficient nutrients regarding their daily needs. The choice of the target function for each diet model is justified based on preliminary calculations performed using the MS Excel spreadsheet. Using the proposed models, four single-use diets were developed for primary school-aged children - the first and second breakfast, lunch and dinner, which together form a balanced and varied daily diet. The rations are designed based on traditional or raw materials widespread in Ukraine with the involvement of only natural ingredients allowed by the current legislation of Ukraine for use in school meals. As a result of optimization carried out with the help of the method of built-in functions in the MathCAD system, optimal values ​​of raw ingredients contained in the diet were obtained. Based on the received data, the daily diet menu is composed. According to the results of testing the recipes of the proposed diet, their high quality was noted and the possibility of further use in children's and school nutrition was shown. According to the results of the analysis of the nutrients’ balance in the composition of the proposed single-use diets and the daily diet provided by the scientists, their high quality has been proven.

Poshan Abhiyaan and MCH card awareness among pregnant and postpartum mothers, Raigad district, Maharashtra

The MCH card is increasingly recognized as an essential tool for maintaining maternal and child health within the expanded coverage of ICDS (Integrated Child Development System) and NRHM (Rural Health Mission). Nation).The POSHAN ABHIYAAN program also advocates for the widespread use of MCH cards and services. The study aims to assess the level of awareness about POSHAN ABHIYAAN and MCH (Maternal Child Health) card among the pregnant and post partum mothers. Method: The study was conducted from 22 February 2021 to 12 April 2021 among 80 pregnant and post partum mothers at the anganwadi centers of Maharashtra state selected by multistage sampling technique. Socio-demographic data along with components of POSHAN ABHIYAAN and MCH card were assessed. Data were collected, entered in MS Excel spreadsheet, and analyzed using SPSS software (version 20.0) Results: 85% were aware about the MCH card. Among them 73.8% carried the MCH card during the regular check-up. 78.8% were aware about 2 T.T. injection doses but only 66.3% were aware about the blood pressure monitored at regular check-up. 83.75% and 5% had average and good level of POSHAN ABHIYAAN awareness. POSHAN ABHIYAAN awareness need to be strengthened with involvement of family members.

Probabilistic Based Reliability Slope Stability Analysis Using FOSM, FORM, and MCS

Soil uncertainties play an important part in the analysis and design of geotechnical structures. The effect of uncertainties on the geotechnical structures and their influence on the probability of failure or reliability of the structure is of great interest for geotechnical researchers. Probabilistic-based slope stability analysis incorporates the uncertainties present in the soil, as expressed in terms of mean, variance, and autocorrelation. In this paper, reliability analysis of a finite cohesive soil slope based on the probabilistic approach is presented using the First Order Second Moment (FOSM) method, First Order Reliability Method (FORM), and Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) method. Stability analysis has been performed using the ordinary method of slices to calculate the Factor Of Safety (FOS) of the slope under undrained conditions. The reliability analysis has been implemented in the MS-excel spreadsheet environment and was mainly focused on the two models, namely the deterministic model for calculating the FOS of the slope and the uncertainty model for generating the random variables of uncertain soil parameters. The reliability index (β) of the soil slope and its corresponding probability of failure (Pf) was calculated using the above methods. The obtained result shows that the MCS method has significantly shown better performance than FOSM and FORM because of its robustness and simple approach to calculate Pf and β of the slope.

The optimum assessment of the information systems of shipboard hardware reliability in cloud services

The world wide pandemic situation revealed the problems in all spheres of human life which haven’t been faced before. Recently the world has changed greatly as well as the relationship between people and their professional activity. The great bunch of the workload, if basically acceptable, is done with the use of modern innovative technologies. Such problems have not trampled down the sphere of higher education as well. Distance learning, which was previously addressed to only as accompanying possibility of lessons conduct, nowadays is considered to be the only practicable form of conducting lectures, practical lessons, tests, i.e. it has become a usual daily practice for both teachers and students. Among the basic functional requirements to the electronic educational resources in the system of distance learning there are the visualization and interaction principles both when getting familiar with the theoretical material and when completing virtual laboratory and practical tasks. The Microsoft Office documents have become the most widespread elements among the electronic educational resources. That is why there is a pressing need in presenting the electronic MS Excel spreadsheets on the resource web-pages. The simple and convenient way to solve the problem of Excel documents introduction into the electronic resources of the distance learning systems is the use of cloud services. The services help to acquire the access to the information resources of any level and of any capacity with the possibility to allocate the rights of the users belonging to different groups in relation to the resources. For that purpose the availability of the Internet network access and web-browser would be enough \cite{Kravtsova2020}. The cloud calculation technologies introduction allows for the use of the programs that do not require special licensing, update versions monitoring and eliminates the need of software technical support as the provider himself exercises control over the functioning, data saving, antivirus protection and possible cyberassaults.The peculiarities of professional training of navigators require the students to acquire the knowledge of professionally-oriented tasks algorithms as well as the knowledge of technologies that can help to implements them. One of the main routines the officer needs to deal with on the navigational bridge is the use of the information systems of shipboard hardware. But before usage he needs to assure of the systems reliability. That is why it is extremely important to gain during the course of professional training the necessary skills of navigation equipment exploitation reliability assessment by means of Microsoft Office documents and cloud services. So the subject matter of the suggested research is the procedure development for the navigation equipment exploitation reliability assessment by means of modern services use in the course of professional training of future seafarers. The aim of the paper is the solution of the problems of optimum assessment of the information systems of shipboard hardware reliability by means of cloud technologies usage. The following tasks are completed in the course of the research: the peculiarities and characteristics of navigational information processed by the shipboard navigation and information system have been analyzed; the results of the information systems of shipboard hardware usage have been studied; the technological diagram of the basic components structuring of the “Information systems of shipboard hardware” complex for the Master’s degree training course has been created; the effective technology of the program Excel documents processing has been chosen; the system of access and usage of web-services for calculation tables processing in the system of distance learning has been designed;the process of competency formation which will enable students to use cloud services has been suggested.

Ocular Ultrasound to detect raised intracranial pressure in non-traumatic emergencies in Emergency Department

Background: Bedside optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measurement is increasingly being used to monitor raised intracranial pressure (ICP) in patients coming to an emergency department. This study aims to measure the accuracy of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measurement by ultrasound as a non-invasive method for early detection of raised intracranial pressure (ICP) in patients with non-traumatic emergencies presenting in emergency department settings, in comparison to CT/MRI brain scan findings of raised ICP. Methods: A total of 100 patients with non-traumatic emergencies suspected of raised ICP were seen in the emergency department. Bedside ONSD measurement was done within one hour of arrival. Patients underwent a CT/MRI brain scan within one hour of the ONSD in search of raised ICP. MS Excel spreadsheet was used for coding, SPSS v23 for data analysis, independent sample ‘t-test for group comparison, Wilcoxon test for non-normally distributed data, Chi-square test for group comparison for categorical data, Fischer's exact test for frequency &lt; 5 and 25 % of the cells, Pearson's and Spearman's correlation for linear correlation and statistical significance were kept at p &lt; 0.05. Results: Using a cut-off ONSD value (mm) of 6.3 mm, this study found a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 89.2%, PPV of 83.3%, NPV of 100%, and diagnostic accuracy of 93% for detection of raised ICP by bedside USG ONSD measurement compared to CT/MRI brain. Conclusions: The study shows that bedside ONSD measurement is a useful and acceptably reliable technique for detecting raised ICP of emergency department patients with non-traumatic emergencies and raised ICP.

Setting Multivariate and Correlated Acceptance Limits for Assessing the Conformity of Items

Many industrial products, foodstuffs and environmental samples are checked for values of different chemical parameters against tolerance limits or intervals defined in a specification or legislation. In some cases, the measured values of the different parameters are correlated due to how materials are obtained, chemical constraints and/or due to the simple fact that determinations are performed by multi-analyte procedures that share analytical operations and effects. In these cases, instead of defining an acceptance criterion for each measured value on the tested item separately based on the respective measurement uncertainty, the multivariate problem should be addressed by defining multivariate criteria. These multivariate criteria are set for a maximum total risk of wrong conformity decisions that is a complex function of all particular risks of the item being rejected or accepted by comparing each measured value with its respective limit. Computational tools have been developed to estimate the total specific risk of an item being wrongly considered to conform or not to conform with tolerance limits for various components when the measured values are independent or correlated. However, these tools must be applied for each test to check if the total specific risk is acceptable. This work presents a tool for setting multivariate acceptance limits applicable to correlated measurements and referenced to a defined total specific risk. The acceptance limits allow the decision about conformity of an item based on the simple comparison of the measured values with the acceptance limits. The acceptance limits are estimated by a user-friendly and iterative tool implemented in a MS-Excel spreadsheet and available in the Supplementary Material. This tool is successfully applied to various conformity problems. Acceptance limits based on informative and non-informative prior information are compared for a critical review of the merits and problems associated with Bayesian or frequentist conformity assessments.

ROLE OF ANEMIAAS AN ETIOLOGICAL FACTOR AND PRBC TRANSFUSION AS A PREVENTIVE MEASURE AMONG CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO ICU RELATED MORBIDITY.

The World Health Organization (WHO) denes anemia as a hemoglobin &lt;13 g dl for adult males and &lt;12 g dl for adult non pregnant females. Anemia of Chronic Disease (ACD) refers to hemoglobin &lt;12 g/dl associated with chronic infections and inammatory disorders and malignancies. Anemia is a commonly encountered clinical problem in the critically ill. Ninety-ve percent of critically ill patients who stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) for 72 hours or greater suffer from anemia and approximately 40% of them receive packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusions. Aim Of The Study: To study the role of anemia as a morbidity factor in critically ill patients admitted in ICU and PRBC transfusion role in morbidity at a tertiary care Hospital. Method: It was a prospective observational study carried out over a period of one year from JAN 2021 TO JAN 2022. The study was carried out in the department of General Medicine, MAMS, Hyderabad. Total of 100 participants were included in this study. Both the sex was considered. Written informed consent form was taken from all the participants' included in this study. The data is stored in MS Excel spreadsheet and statistical analysis performed using open source 'R' programming language. Result: In this study 72 patients (72%) had fever and 30 patients were Pale, 29 patients with pedal edema and 6 patients are with icterus. 48(48%) patients had diabetes mellitus, 34(34%) patients had hypertension, 12 patients had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 8 patient's hypothyroidism, and 21 (13%) patients ischemic heart disease. Conclusion: Anemia cause is multifactorial. Available treatments for critically ill patients are not sufcient, therefore RBC transfusion must be done to prevent it.