Movie Subtitles Research Articles

Translation of Idioms: How They are Reflected in Movie Subtitling

Idiomatic expressions are expressions with a figurative meaning different from their literal meaning, and therefore, they cannot be understood literally. This study aims to scrutinize some aspects of the translation of idiomatic expressions in a mystery movie entitled ‘Murder on the Orient Express’. Seventy-seven idiomatic expressions were found in the movie. The idioms can be categorized as follows: keywords with idiomatic uses (16) idioms with nouns and adjectives (2), idiomatic pairs (1), idioms with prepositions (7), phrasal verbs idioms (26), verbal idioms (5), idioms from special subjects (1), idioms with key words from special categories (16), and idioms with comparison (3). Phrasal verbs idiom was the most frequently occurred because idioms are mostly organized by verb comprising the combination of verb and preposition or verb and adverb. Further, the rendering of the idioms from English as the Source Language (SL) into Indonesian as the Target Language (TL) employed some strategies; translation by paraphrase was the highly frequent translation strategy. The strategy of using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form was also located in the high-frequency position of the continuum. Furthermore, using an idiom of similar form and meaning and translation by omission were the translation strategies of low frequency. Translation by paraphrase was frequently used because the translator wanted to convey the meaning as clearly as possible while also considering the cultural difference between SL and TL. To sum up, the idiomatic expression dominantly used in the movie was phrasal verbs (34%), while the strategy that was mostly applied in translating them was translation by paraphrase (56%).

Movie Subtitle Translation from the Perspective of the Three-dimensional Transformations of Eco-translatology: A Case Study of the English Subtitle of Lost in Russia

Eco-Translatology, a new eco-translation paradigm, is put forward by Chinese Professor Gengshen Hu and has been gaining popularity in recent years. Guided by the eco-translatology theory, the study analyzes the adaptive strategies that translators used in the English subtitle of Lost in Russia from the following dimensions: language, culture and communication. And the analysis sheds some light on subtitle translation and helps subtitle translators better apply eco-translatology to produce a well-received English version.

Subtitling Techniques and the Quality of Indonesian Subtitles of The English Teacher

Translation in Indonesia is not only used in literary or scientific texts, but also in an audio visual field such as a movie. Many movies in Indonesia come from other countries and use English language. In this case, movie subtitling is needed to make the audience understand the subtitles more easily. This study analyzed the subtitles of a movie called The English Teacher. This study used a descriptive qualitative method and employed documentation and questionnaire to collect data. The English and Indonesian movie scripts were distributed to Indonesian adult target readers to examine the techniques and its quality. In this study, a theory from Molina and Albir (2002) was used to analyze the techniques and the quality assessment was based on a theory from Nababan (2012). There were 12 techniques found in the subtitles. The most dominant technique used by the translator was literal. To analyze the translation quality, 18 respondents participated as the raters; 3 expert readers and 15 adults target readers. The results revealed that there were 1286 data. Based on Nababan, the maximum score of the quality was 3, while the average score of accuracy, acceptability, and readability was 2.67, 2.79, and 2.86. This study also found a relation between types of techniques employed in translation and its quality. It can be concluded that the qualities of the subtitles were accurate, acceptable, and readable.

Translation in Movie Subtitles: Foreignization and Domestication

ABSTRACT Translationnot only concerned with the transfer of languages butalso the cultural aspect of language. This study aims to investigate the treatment -foreignization, and domestication- and to find the pattern concerning the treatment in two movie subtitles, one from Bahasa Indonesia to English and from English to Bahasa Indonesia. This study is conducted through a qualitative approach to the theory proposed by Venuti (1995): foreignizationand domestication focusing on cultural specific items (CSIs) as categorized by Espindola (2005). The result of this study shows that foreignizationand domestication, as well as a mix treatment, are found to be employed by the translator. The translator tends to favor foreignizationand only used domestication if the CSIs already have an equivalence in the target text culture. Furthermore, a mix treatment will be applied if the CSIs are in the form of a phrase containing a general or familiar word and a specific or unfamiliar word. Keywords: Foreignization, Domestication, Culture-Specific Items (CSIs). ABSTRAK Penerjemahan tidak hanya tentang mentransfer antar bahasa, tetapi juga tentang aspek budaya yang ada di dalam suatu bahasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi perlakuan apa yang diberikan -foreignization dan domestication- dan pola apa yang bisa ditemukan yang berkaitan dengan perlakuan yang diberikan pada dua subtilte (Inggris ke Indonesia dan Indonesia ke Inggris) dari dua film berbeda. Pendekatan qualitatif deskriptif dipakai untuk melaksanakan penelitian ini. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori foreignization dan domestication dari Venuti (1995) yang berfokus pada culture specific items (CSIs) yang telah dikategorikan oleh Espindola (2005). Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah telah ditemukan bahwa kedua subtitle telah diberikan perlakuan foreignization, domestication, dan perlakuan campur -foreignization dan domestication-. Selanjutnya, ditemukan juga kalau dua penerjemah dari kedua subtitle tersebut lebih mengutamakan foreignization dan akan hanya menggunakan domestication apabila CSIs-nya sudah memiliki terjemahan lokal di kultur target. Yang terakhir, penerjemah akan menggunakan perlakuan campur jika CSIs dalam betuk frasa dimana terdapat kata yang familiar dan juga terdapat kata yang tidak familiar.Kata kunci: Foreignization, Domestication, Culture-Specific Items (CSIs).

Building a Parallel Corpus for English Translation Teaching Based on Computer-Aided Translation Software

This paper conducts an in-depth study on the construction of parallel corpus for English translation teaching through computer-aided translation software, and this study adopts a combination of corpus statistics and analysis to portray and study the system. In the corpus statistics, we carried out a detailed data analysis of the translated text and the original text with the help of corpus statistics software to find out the linguistic characteristics of the translated text and the areas that can be improved from the perspective of data statistics. After that, based on frequency, mean value, grading value, and multiplication analysis, we carry out qualitative analysis to study the movie subtitle translation strategy and its causes from multiple perspectives. This thesis aims to make research on film and television translation from a new angle with the help of corpus translation and to make up for the gap in the research direction of film and television translation. Firstly, through the corpus analysis methods such as frequency value, mean value, graded value and multiplier value, a quantitative analysis of film texts is carried out from three levels, namely, high frequency, medium frequency and basic, and it is found that Chinese films have many distinctive characteristics in terms of long words and sentences, words and sentences, beginning and end of sentences, idioms and the use of four-character words.

Translation Shift in English into Indonesian Subtitle of Guzaarish Movie

This research aims to find out the types of shift and to know the most dominant type of shifts found in the English to Indonesian subtitle of “Guzaarish” movie. The method used in this research is qualitative research. The analysis shows that there are two types of translation shifts in the Guzarish movie subtitle. The translation shift is related to the various ways of an expression in the source text has been translated into the target text. The type of shifts found is both level and category shift as 242 data. The level shift shows 93 data or 38.43 %. The level shift occurs when an SL item has equivalent in a TL translation at the different linguistic levels of its own such as grammatical or lexical. The category shift shows total data 149 data or 61.57 %. Category shift is related to departures from formal correspondence in translation. The category shift consists of several types, they are structure shift as 80 data or 33.06 %, intra-system shift as 61 data or 25.21 %, rank/unit shift as 7 data or 2.89 %, and class shift as only 1 data or 0.41 %. It shows that the most dominant type of shift in “Guzaarish” movie subtitle is the category shift, especially the structure shift. It usually occurs at all levels. It is indicated by a situation when there are two different languages that have a different structural element.

A Genre and Collocational Analysis of Consequence, Result, and Outcome

This corpus-based study examines genres and collocation patterns in which the three synonyms ‘consequence’, ‘result’, and ‘outcome’ usually occur. The data on which the study is based is derived from the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). Of all the eight genres currently available in COCA, the three synonyms appear with the highest frequency in academic texts, whereas frequencies are lowest in informal genres, i.e. TV and movie subtitles and fiction. Of pedagogical concern is the fact that the common verb and adjective collocates repeatedly co-occur with the synonymous nouns. Determined by the COCA frequency and the MI value (≥ 3), ‘consequence’ is often used with verbs and adjectives conveying negative senses, and the typical collocates of ‘result’ has a clear association with research-oriented contexts. The collocates of ‘outcome’ have the broadest variety of semantic properties but are not directly related to any specific contexts. It is highly recommended that EFL teachers apply this genre and collocational information to synonym development lessons. Keywords: synonym; genre; distribution across genres; collocation; adjective and verb collocates

English Language Education Students� Perception of the Use of English Subtitled Movies

English is an international language that most people in the world use to communicate. Video or movie is one of the effective media to be used in a language classroom. In the English Language Education Study Program (ELESPA) of Sanata Dharma University, movies with English subtitles were used in a class as a learning media. This research aims to know how ELESP students perceive English subtitled movies as learning media. There are two research questions in this research: (1) What is the ELESP students perception on the use of English subtitled movie? (2) What are the effects of using English subtitled movie for ELESP students? The researcher used a survey as the method in this research. The participants for this research were the students from C class batch 2016. The instruments used by the researcher were questionnaire and interview. The results of this research showed that most of the respondents had a positive perception of the use of English subtitled movies.

English Get-Passives: Reassessing the Frequencies across Genres

This study investigates the get -passive in American English, with emphasis on its distribution in different text types and its semantic features characterized by co-occurring verbs. The data was drawn from the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA), i.e. the latest version with eight different genres. The findings indicate that the get-passive is a linguistic feature of informal English due to its highest frequency in spoken genres, e.g. TV and movie subtitles, and blogs. Furthermore, common verbs constituting the get -passive were explored and their meanings in context were analyzed. In agreement with previous studies, the semantic analysis of get -passives revealed a higher proportion of verbs expressing adversity, followed by those with positive and neutral meanings, respectively. The existence of non-adversative get -passive predicts a decline in the adversative type.

The Patriotism and the Heroism Embedded in the Subtitles of Chinese-English Movies: The Mission of “Main Melody” Films

The dissemination of audiovisual products has played an indispensable role in shaping ideological propaganda and national influence in China. The “Main Melody” are the films that serve to propagandize the mainstream ideology of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). As a typical example of this genre, Wolf Warrior II (《战狼2》) (2017) has been the top-grossing film in the Chinese mainland since its release in July 2017. The science fiction film The Wandering Earth ( 《流浪地球》) (2019), with its subtle implication of “Main Melody”, quickly ranks as the third. Meanwhile, the action movie Operation Red Sea (《红海行动》) (2018), which advocates the element of “Main Melody”, has been ranked fifth in the Chinese mainland box office. In this paper, I will move beyond the conventional linguistic research in audiovisual translation to focus on the ideology revealed through the subtitles of this specific film genre. By considering the movies as multilingual texts targeted for both Chinese audiences and English-speaking audiences, I seek to explore the ideology reflected in the subtitles of the films by probing into several questions through the paper including: What stereotyped image does China still hold towards the West? What kind of image does the CCP and the Chinese government attempt to portray China as in the mind of Chinese audiences and English-speaking audiences?

Analysing Gender Bias in IMDB Films Based on Social Networks

The film industry has a major impact on society. This paper focuses on the gender bias in films. First, the social network analysis (SNA) method is used to construct a movie social network from the online movie dataset IMDb. By analysing these social network data, natural language processing methods are used to analyse movie titles, movie subtitles and casts. Then, this paper constructs a film gender bias classifier. Because the online movie data set IMDb lacks large-scale manual annotation data, and the classifier using traditional deep learning is prone to over-fitting, so this paper proposes a movie gender based on dual learning. The bias feature extractor and classifier enable training of the deep learning model from a small amount of annotated data and classify the bias. Finally, we find that women’s roles in the film have improved in all aspects, including the central role of female characters.

Can Adults Learn Vocabulary through Watching Subtitled Movies? An Experimental Corpus-Based Approach

Visual media are potential sources for second and foreign language acquisition, with several experimental studies examining the incidental learning of vocabulary through watching television. In contrast to previous studies that relied on self-reported use of English language media, the present experimental study explores how a combination of incidental learning (watching English-language movies with English subtitles) and intentional learning (using instructional materials) contribute to the recognition and recall of vocabulary. Furthermore, the study seeks to discover whether the learning of vocabulary in this way also contributes to the learning of parts of speech. Eighty-eight undergraduate learners of English at an Arabic university watched an English-language subtitled movie for two and a half hours. Using a corpus-based sampling approach, learning gains were assessed using a multiple choice receptive task and a fill-in-the-blank productive task. Based on paired sample t-tests and ANOVAs, the results showed that watching an English subtitled movie had a positive effect on the learning of vocabulary, for both recognition and recall; however, study participants scored significantly higher on receptive than productive tasks. Regarding parts of speech, most of the vocabulary items learnt were nouns, followed by verbs and adjectives. The teaching implications of the findings of the study are also discussed.

Translation of the Comic in the Films of Wes Anderson (based on English and Ukrainian)

The article is dedicated to defining the specific features of the expression of the comic in the auteur film “The Grand Budapest Hotel” by the American director and screenwriter Wes Anderson, as well as to the analysis of the translation of the comic on the material of the authentic movie dialogue, its dubbing and subtitling in Ukrainian. The relevance of our research is determined by the increased interest in the auteur films, especially in the genre of comedy and comedy drama, as well as by insufficient research on the representation of the functional types of the comic in Ukrainian translations for authentic films. The article provides definitions of the comic types and describes common difficulties in translating functional types of the comic and difficulties caused by the peculiarities of audiovisual translation. Common linguistic translation difficulties include translating the comic expressed by culturally-labeled lexical units or allusions to little-known phenomena. Typical and common for dubbing and subtitling extralinguistic difficulties include the need for keeping to the timeline. Dubbing also implies the achievement of phonetic synchronization, while subtitling presupposes the observance of the readable length of the subtitle. The article presents five principles with the help of which Wes Anderson achieves comic effect in the original movie dialogue. In general, these principles are a careful selection of time and place of the events and disruption of the characters in unusual situations. The article argues that in order to create a humorous effect, Wes Anderson uses both non-verbal humor expressed by elements of non-verbal communication, e.g. movements, glances, facial expressions, gestures, and verbally expressed comic, i.e. humor, irony, satire, and sarcasm. Each of the principles for achieving the comic effect was illustrated by the examples from the original movie dialogue and the analysis of their dubbing and subtitling in Ukrainian.

TRANSLATION PROCEDURES OF MISSION IMPOSSIBLE: ROGUE NATION MOVIE SUBTITLE

The objective of this research is describing on translation procedures which used for the government and covert institution terms in Mission Impossible: Rogue Nation movie subtitle by the official subscene translator. Translation procedures are the inseparable aspects within translation process which determine their end-result delivered for target reader rightly. The researchers applied Newmark’s theory for subtitle analysis. By the process of analysis, it was found that there were 16 of 18 types of translation procedures which could be categorized into two specifications. The frequently procedures found were literal translation, transference, modulation, and shift or tranposition. In addition, the relevant procedures of specific terms were cultural equivalence, functional equivalence, through translation, and paraphrase.

МЕТОДИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ НАВЧАННЯ СТУДЕНТІВ СТВОРЕННЮ ЦИФРОВИХ ЧАСТОТНИХ СЛОВНИКІВ

Частотні словники створюються для виявлення найбільш використовуваних слів у природній мові, мові письменника, певному творі тощо. Цими словниками послуговуються при вивченні іноземних мов; розробці інших видів словників; проектуванні мовних експериментів; проведенні досліджень у галузях лексичної семантики, психолінгвістики, морфології та інших; створенні прикладних програм, орієнтованих на опрацювання природної мови. Інформаційно-комунікаційні технології, доступ до величезних електронних лінгвістичних корпусів, національних баз даних слів, заснованих на субтитрах телевізійних програм та фільмів, значно прискорили дослідження в галузі статистичного опрацювання текстів. Зважаючи на те, що частотні словники широко використовуються в різних сферах діяльності, а їх побудова передбачає розв’язання широкого кола лінгвістичних задач, доцільно розглянути технологію створення таких словників у процесі підготовки фахівців з прикладної лінгвістики та комп’ютерних наук, учителів інформатики. У статті розглядається методика навчання студентів створенню частотних словників. Запропоновано алгоритм побудови частотного словника. Аналізуються особливості реалізації кожного кроку алгоритму з використанням мови Python, яка є популярною мовою програмування з відкритим кодом та великими бібліотеками. Автор наводить програмні коди та обґрунтовує використання відповідних модулів, методів опрацювання рядків, функцій, констант, структур даних, регулярних виразів. Запропонована методика спрямована на: 1) підвищення мотивації студентів до навчання та 2) розкриття практичної значущості засвоєних ними методів та прийомів програмування. Автор вважає, що підхід, представлений у цій статті, може бути корисним викладачам дисциплін інформатичного циклу.

Current Trends in English-Kurdish Movie Subtitling

This paper explores the current trends in audio-visual translation, in particular, movie subtitling from English into Sorani Kurdish in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. It is hypothesized that subtitling English movies into Sorani Kurdish is performed using various methods, i.e. there is no one standard method that is adopted. This is based on the second hypothesis that the majority of subtitled movies into Sorani Kurdish are carried out by unprofessional subtitlers. The results of the study show that the majority of the subtitlers replace the English captions of previously subtitled movies by Kurdish translations, using different devices and word processors. Thus, the study exhibits that there is no one standard established method for subtitling English movies into Sorani Kurdish. It further shows that Kurdish subtitlers lack professionalism in terms of English-Kurdish subtitling.

A Brief Analysis of Translation Errors in Subtitle of the Movie The Wandering Earth

In recent years, film industry of China has developed rapidly. There have been a lot of high-quality movies which enter into the international market. Therefore, subtitle translation is so crucial to win more overseas audiences to effectively disseminate Chinese culture and display the soft power of China. This paper takes the Chinese and English subtitles of the Movie The Wandering Earth as the research object. It puts forward three categories of translation errors according to Nord’s theory and analyzes the examples of translation errors in the movie in order to provide references for movie subtitle translation.

An Analysis of Translation Procedures Found in the Translation of Movie Subtitle: Zootopia

In this research, the writer attempts to find out the translation procedures in the translation of movie subtitle: Zootopia from English to Indonesian subtitle to determine the intended audience of the movie. The research used a descriptive qualitative method. The data of this research are the utterances or sentences in movie subtitle both English and Indonesian with the source of the data of this research is Zootopia movie. The writer used Indonesian subtitle from the site called subscene where the translators around the world could translate movies into many languages. The data collected by watching the movie with both English and Indonesian subtitles, and categorized the collected data based on each translation procedures of Newmark. The writer figured out that the intended audience is all ages group and the writer also found ten translation procedures used in the movie subtitle: Zootopia. The ten translation procedures are couplets, modulation, paraphrase, reduction, literal translation, cultural equivalent, transference, functional equivalent, naturalisation, transposition/shifts. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the intended audience of Zootopia movie is all ages group and there are ten from nineteen procedures are found in the movie subtitle: Zootopia.

The strategy of slang words translation in “the kissing booth” movie subtitle

This study sets out to describe the translation strategy and the impacts of the strategy to the accuracy and acceptability of slang words translation in “The Kissing Booth” movie subtitle. The research data were collected from “The Kissing Booth” movie file along with the subtitles, both in English and Indonesian. The data were all slang words found in “The Kissing Booth” movie dialogue and subtitle. This study employed descriptive qualitative method to analyze the slang words from the dialogue in the movie. The result of the research shows that the slang words found in the movie are divided into 8 (eight) categories which are: Euphemism with 4 (four) data, Dysphemism with 11 (eleven) data, Typical in Spoken Language with 8 (eight) data, Typical in Informal Situation with 11 (eleven) data, Metaphorical Utterance with 5 (five) data, Proverb with 2 (two) data, Untranslatability with 4 (four) data, and Neutral Syntactic Level with 5 (five) data.

Modulation Found in Translation of Poco Lo Coco Movie

The aims of this study are to find the types of modulation strategy in translation Poco Lo Coco movie and describe the accuracy of modulation of English to Indonesian. The research used a descriptive qualitative method. The data of this research are the utterances or sentences in movie subtitle both English and Indonesian with the source of the data of this research is Poco Lo coco movie.The data collected by watching the movie, and categorized the collected data based on types of modulation strategy and asses accuracy of modulation. The writer find out there are three types of modulation found in the Poco Lo Coco movie such as free modulation, addiction or creation, point of view shift.While the translation using modulation procedure could be concluded categorized as accurate, less accurate and inaccurate.Based on the findings, it can be concluded that there are three from eleven types of modulation are found in the movie subtitle:Poco Lo coco.