Movement Of People Research Articles

The Aesthetics of Timurid and Safavid Miniatures

This research studies the aesthetics of Timurid and Safavid miniatures in a comparative manner. The first chapter deals with the research problem, its importance, and defining the most important terms used in it. The research problem included the topic of the aesthetics of Timurid and Safavid miniatures in the drawings of both eras through the artistic works produced by Islamic painting schools, where each school has characteristics that distinguished it from the other. The research problem was overcome through the following question: How did the Muslim artist achieve the miniatures aesthetics in manuscripts for both eras?The II chapter, the theoretical framework, includes four sections: the first on the aesthetics of Islamic art, the second on the art of Islamic miniatures, the third on the most important artistic features of painting (the Timurid era), and the fourth of the (Safavid) era. The third chapter included the research procedures, and the fourth chapter included the results and conclusions.The functional treatment of the concept of space designated for Islamic miniatures came according to a fruitful and sincere artistic and functional emotional approach within the relationships of creation that give it a spiritual feeling due to what the elements of construction have of multiple intellectual meanings and connotations, such as transferring the stories and events that were prevalent at that time, to documenting the style of Islamic architecture and the type of clothing worn by Muslims, the moral and social values that appeared through the interpretation of the movements of people in the Islamic miniature, as came in most of the sample models.

Pandemic, Routine Activities, and Graffiti in Belo Horizonte: Has Social Isolation Led to City Saturation?

The COVID-19 pandemic triggered a series of social isolation measures that reduced the movement of people in public spaces. This condition created a natural experiment to test the theory of routine activities and its applicability in the study of graffiti. Continuing the monitoring carried out in the hypercenter of Belo Horizonte since 2011, this study assesses the impacts of restrictions on the movement of people on the amount of graffiti found in that location. It starts from the hypothesis that the social restriction measures reduced the number of capable guardians (surveillance), expanding the opportunities for the practice of graffiti tagging and, consequently, favoring its expansion. A survey of existing graffiti in the hypercenter was carried out in 2022, and its results were compared with previous surveys conducted in the study area in 2011, 2015, 2017, and 2019, allowing the hypothesis to be tested.

Comparative Study of Indonesian and Malaysian Immigration Action Policies Towards Immigration Permit Abuse

The era of globalization, driven by advancements in science and information technology, has created a borderless world, transforming human relationships from national to international, and significantly impacting various aspects of human life. Globalization has promoted the movement of people between countries, including Indonesia and Malaysia, affecting the demographics, economy, culture, and social aspects of both countries. In this context, immigration regulations play a crucial role in controlling the flow of people and reflecting a country's legal sovereignty within its territorial boundaries. This study is a normative juridical research focusing on the analysis and comparison of immigration regulations and policies in Indonesia and Malaysia, using a Statutory and Comparative approach. Indonesian immigration policy, regulated in Law Number 6 of 2011 on Immigration, focuses on controlling the flow of people entering and leaving Indonesian territory to maintain state sovereignty. Meanwhile, Malaysian immigration policy, regulated in Malaysian Law Number 155 of 1959/63 on Immigration, covers crucial aspects such as entry and exit requirements, monitoring of foreigners, and law enforcement related to immigration violations. The immigration action policies of Indonesia and Malaysia towards immigration permit abuse have several similarities and differences. Although both countries have similar policies in handling immigration permit abuse, the implementation and law enforcement may differ depending on the specific context and conditions in each country.

SJCIT Transport Management System

Innovative software developed with great care to maximize transportation inside of educational institution called the SJCIT Transport Management System (TMS). Acting as a single point of contact for all student and faculty transportation-related information, including records, routes, diversions, and more, this system includes sophisticated features like effective database management, user-friendly interfaces, and aesthetically pleasing design elements. Its rapid adaptation minimizes transition times by guaranteeing quick user onboarding. A key instrument in coordinating the smooth movement of people across multiple locations and schedules is the SJCIT TMS, which is centred around the promotion of safe, efficient, dependable, and sustainable transportation practices. Its adaptability makes it possible for it to function seamlessly in both standalone and integrated configurations, which makes it an essential tool for improving transportation management in learning environments

Analysis of the Transportation Infrastructure in Sierra Leone and its Impact on Local Commodities into the Market

Transportation infrastructure plays a crucial role in the economic development and growth of nations, facilitating trade and investment opportunities by enabling the movement of people, services, and goods across markets and regions. However, developing countries such as Sierra Leone face significant challenges in providing suitable transportation infrastructure to support logistics management. Inadequate upkeep, financial constraints, and limited access to technology hinder the development of transportation infrastructure in Sierra Leone. Consequently, logistics management, which involves the planning, implementation, and control of the movement of goods and services, is adversely affected, leading to delayed deliveries, increased costs, and decreased competitiveness in the global market. This study aims to analyze the state of transportation infrastructure in Sierra Leone and its impact on local commodities. To assess the impact of transportation infrastructure on local commodity supply in Sierra Leone, a qualitative approach was employed. The findings from the study reveal that poor transportation infrastructure particularly limited cold storage facilities along transportation routes can lead to the spoilage of perishable goods such as fruits and vegetables. The findings were supported by four important recommendations: investment in road maintenance and expansion, modernisation of port facilities, development of intermodal transportation hubs, and the promotion of public-private partnerships.

Cascading supply chain disruption: impact on water industry during COVID-19

The impact of COVID-19 on the lives of people and businesses across the globe was devastating. While governments across the world had undertaken a slew of measures to control the spread of the COVID-19 virus within their geography, many of these measures had long and unintended consequences. The restrictions imposed by the governments on the movement of people and goods across the world brought supply chains to a grinding halt. This study identifies the cascading effects of supply chain disruptions on the water sector. Since these systems are closely integrated and the impact of COVID-19 needs to be analysed at a much broader level, this study uses a systems-thinking approach to study the effect of supply chain disruptions on water services. The study develops a causal loop model to gain further insight into how supply chain disruptions caused by COVID-19 affected the coping capabilities of society and how critical services were affected.

Geopolitical tensions framing different industries in the European Arctic: aquaculture, forestry, mining, and tourism in question

ABSTRACT Russia’s full-scale war on Ukraine in early 2022 has brought geopolitics, particularly classical geopolitics, back into the political and economic discussions and decision-making. Discursive, as well as real-world change, has been rapid, as the turn of the 21st century was the time of globalisation and neoliberal ideology – the free movement of people, products, and services. However, in this paper, we argue that classical geopolitics has defined the development of Northern industries even before the war began in 2022. Our interview data (n = 60) collected in the advent of the Russian invasion of Ukraine reveal that the themes of state power; ‘hard’ security meaning military armament; the economy as a field of national interests; and spill-over effects of geopolitical tensions between superpowers have framed economic fortunes in the European Arctic. It is concluded that the state actors’ interests in the European Arctic’s physical space and natural assets will be increasingly expanding.

LEADERSHIP STYLES AND PERFORMANCE OF ROAD PROJECTS UNDER KENYA RURAL ROADS AUTHORITY IN KENYA

Road infrastructure drives global economic growth by facilitating the movement of goods, services, and people, enhancing trade and regional integration; recent improvements in developing countries have reduced cost overruns, highlighting the importance of effective strategy implementation, stakeholder engagement, and sustainability considerations for project success. The aim of the study was to establish whether leadership styles influence the performance of road projects by Kenya Rural Roads Authority. The study sought to establish whether leadership styles influence the performance of road projects by Kenya Rural Roads Authority. The study employs multiple theories, including Resource-Based Theory, Agency Theory, and others, within a mixed-methods approach guided by pragmatism. Focused on 140 Development Road Projects by KeRRA, it includes 104 Strategy Implementation Officers, Contractors’ CEOs, and KeRRA officials. Data, gathered through questionnaires and interviews, underwent statistical analysis revealing a significant positive correlation (r = 0.508, p < 0.05) between leadership styles and project performance, using SPSS Version 27. The study suggests that project managers at the Kenya Rural Roads Authority demonstrate positive leadership qualities, such as agreeableness and visionary leadership, which are linked to timely completion of road construction projects, although challenges like resistance to change and laissez-faire leadership tendencies may impede project success. Recommendations include reinforcing and promoting positive leadership qualities among project managers at the Kenya Rural Roads Authority, focusing on aspects such as agreeableness, visionary leadership, and developmental leadership, while addressing challenges related to laissez-faire and resistance to change through training and support initiatives, and emphasizing the importance of directive leadership to improve project outcomes and ensure successful completion of road construction projects. KEY WORDS: Leadership Styles, Performance of Road Construction Projects, Kenya Rural Roads Authority

A novel method of refining the performance of rail systems: an evaluation of system dynamics using discrete event simulation

PurposeThis paper aims to trial a novel method of improving the performance of rail systems. Accordingly, an evaluation of rail system dynamics (SD) using discrete event simulation (DES) will be undertaken. Globally, cities and their transportation systems face ongoing challenges with many of these resulting from complicated rail SD. To evaluate these challenges, this study utilized DES as the basis of the analysis of Melbourne Metro Rail's SD. The transportation SD processes including efficiency and reliability were also developed.Design/methodology/approachUsing DES, this research examines and determines the Melbourne Metro Rail's SD. Although the Melbourne Metro Rail is still in progress, the DES developed in this research examined the system requirements of functionality, performance and integration. As the basis of this examination, the Melbourne Metro Rail's optimization was simulated using the developed DES. As the basis of the experiment, a total of 50 trials were simulated. This included 25 samples for each of efficiency and reliability. The simulation not only scrutinized the SD but also underlined some of its shortfalls.FindingsThis study found that information and communication technology (ICT) was the pinnacle of system application. The DES development highlighted that both efficiency and reliability rates are the essential SD and thus fundamental for Melbourne Metro Rail system functionality. Specifically, the three elements of SD, capacity, continuity and integration are considered critical in improving the system functionality of Melbourne Metro Rail.Research limitations/implicationsThis particular mega rail infrastructure system was carefully analyzed, and subsequently, the DES was developed. However, since the DES is at its inception, the results are relatively limited without inclusive system calibration or validation process. Nonetheless, with some modifications, such as using different KPIs to evaluate additional systems variables and setting appropriate parameters to test the system reliability measures at different intensities, the developed DES can be modified to examine and evaluate other rail systems. However, if a broader system analysis is required, the DES model subsequently needs to be modified to specific system parameters.Practical implicationsThrough evaluation of Melbourne's Metro Rail in the manner described above, this research has shown the developed DES is a useful platform to understand and evaluate system efficiency and reliability. Such an evaluation is considered important when implementing new transport systems, particularly when they are being integrated into existing networks.Social implicationsEfficient rail networks are critical for modern cities and such systems, while inherently complex, aid local economies and societal cohesion through predictable and reliable movement of people. Through improved system functionality and greater efficiencies, plus improved passenger safety, security and comfort, the traveling public will benefit from the enhanced reliability of the transportation network that results from research as that provided in this paper.Originality/valueThis research paper is the first of its kind specifically focusing on the application of DES on the Melbourne Metro Rail System. The developed model aligns with the efficiency optimization framework, which is central to rail systems. The model shows the relationship between increased efficiency and optimizing system reliability. In comparison with more advanced mathematical modeling, the DES presented in this research provides robust, but yet rapid and uncomplicated system enhancements. These findings can better prepare rail professionals to adequately plan and devise appropriate system measures.

INDONESIA'S FOREIGN POLICY CHANGE TOWARDS ROHINGYA ETHNIC ASYLUM SEEKERS IN 2015: A Foreign Policy Change Perspective

In 2015, Indonesia was shocked by the landing of a foreign ship containing Rohingya refugees in Aceh province. Not only Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand also experienced the same incident. The refugees came to obtain temporary asylum due to the country's conflict, which threatened the survival of the Rohingya tribe in Myanmar. Indonesia's rejection gave rise to various reactions from within and outside the country. Responding to this, Indonesia finally accepted the existence of Rohingya refugees by also signing the Joint Statement Ministerial Meeting on Irregular Movement of People in Southeast Asia. These foreign policy changes will be examined further using the Foreign Policy Change theory to determine the factors influencing foreign policy-makers in deciding their foreign policy. This research will use explanatory-qualitative methods to analyze Indonesia's momentum in taking windows of opportunity toward the Joint Statement Ministerial Meeting on Irregular Movement of People in Southeast Asia.

Heureux qui, comme Ulysse, a fait un bon voyage: Invoking the deities of the roads in the Latin west

AbstractThe control of the Mediterranean and its surroundings by the conquering Roman Republic after the victory over Carthage, and later over the Hellenistic kingdoms throughout the 2nd and 1st centuries BC, notably increased connectivity and the movement of people. This paper focuses on the wide range of ritual instruments, above all the propitiation of the gods through sacrifices, in the face of journeys in general, and on the diverse religious resources documented in the epigraphy of the Latin West.

A Continental Free Trade Area in the Absence of the Free Movement of People is Inconceivable

The African Free Trade Continental Agreement (AfCFTA) represents renewed efforts by the current cohort of African leaders to move the continent closer to its self-reliance ambitions, and it aims to build on the foundation laid by the founding fathers of the African Union aimed at achieving a better life for Africans through deeper regional economic integration. Central to achieving the Agreement’s objectives is the realisation of the free movement of persons, which is envisaged to be a vehicle for deeper regional integration. This article provides a brief conceptual analysis of the Free Movement of Persons concept, its benefits in driving regional integration, successes, and the potential challenges that may hinder the full realisation of the AfCFTA’s objectives as a mutually reinforcing agenda. In addition to contributing to existing literature, this article explores whether the Free Movement of Persons is indeed a sine qua non for the success of the AfCFTA. Drawing on lessons from the implementation of other regional trade integration projects, the European Union integration model, in this instance, the article recommends key interventions to bolster implementation efforts.

Women’s Participation in Local Governments of Nepal: Assessing Local Elections of 2017 and 2022

The Federal Republic of Nepal was established after the second people's movement in 2006. The movement was for more political rights after the 1990 political change in the country. As a result, through the incorporation of inclusive principles into Nepal's constitution, women's representation has been mandated across all sectors of the state, including at the local level. This paper aims to examine the legal provisions and practices concerning gender-balanced seat allocation in key municipal positions, such as chief and deputy chief, chairperson and vice-chairperson, in which at least one occupant must be female. It seeks to understand the reasons behind the political parties nominating women candidates for these positions and whether they are considered reservations for women. Using primary field visits and secondary sources, descriptive analytical and content analysis methods were used to make conclusions about the representation of deputy chief and deputy chairperson in the local elections of 2017 and 2022. The study shows that inclusion is emphasised in Nepal's constitution and other legislation, which require women to be represented in all fields. In the 2017 and 2022 local elections, women held 92% and 74% of the deputy positions, respectively. However, neither politically nor constitutionally, the office of deputy chief is solely reserved for women. The analysis sheds light on the motivations behind political parties nominating women candidates for these positions and explores whether they are perceived as reservations for women.

Smart Blind Stick with GPS Tracking, 2G GSM Module and Ultrasonic Sensor

In today's technologically advanced world, it's imperative to ensure that everyone, including visually impaired individuals, can navigate their surroundings safely and independently. In this paper, we present a novel solution: a Smart Blind Stick equipped with GPS tracking, a 2G GSM module, and ultrasonic sensors. This groundbreaking device is designed to improve the movement and safety of people with visual impairments by offering features such as live location monitoring, obstacle sensing, and communication functionalities. A smart blind stick is designed to assist visually impaired individuals in navigating their surroundings safely. The length of a smart blind stick can vary, but it typically ranges from around 100 to 150 centimetres (3.3 to 4.9 feet). This length allows the user to detect obstacles on the ground and in their immediate vicinity. The weight of a smart blind stick is usually kept lightweight for easy handling and portability. It typically ranges from 200 to 500 grams (7 to 17.5 ounces), although this can vary depending on the materials used in its construction The integration of these features empowers users to navigate with confidence, enabling them to overcome barriers and explore the world around them more freely.

Exploring the Role of Destination Management Organizations (DMOs) in Leveraging Social Media as a Destination Marketing Tool: Insights from Himachal Pradesh

TOURISM: Tourism is the movement of people to destinations outside their usual environment for various reasons, including leisure, business, or other purposes. These visitors' activities, known as the visitor economy, can have a significant impact on the visited locations economically, socially, and culturally. This can involve enjoying recreational activities, relaxation, and pleasure, often with the help of established businesses offering services and experiences. Tourism is a multifaceted and dynamic industry that has evolved significantly over the years. It encompasses the movement of people to destinations outside their usual environment for personal or recreational purposes, contributing substantially to the global economy and generating employment opportunities and income for millions. The tourism industry can be broadly categorized into two primary types: international tourism, where tourists travel to foreign lands, and domestic tourism, where tourists explore their own country. The most frequently visited countries by international tourists include France, Spain, the United States, China, Italy, Turkey, Mexico, and the United Kingdom. Tourism serves as a crucial industry, providing employment and income to millions of people worldwide and contributing significantly to the economies of various nations. The steady rise in popularity of tourism since the 1950s can be attributed to advancements in technology, the proliferation of the internet, the increasing availability of paid vacations, demographic changes, and media exposure. The tourism life cycle, proposed by Professor Richard Butler, consists of four stages: initial discovery, growth, decline, and regeneration. This model helps us understand the pattern of popularity that tourist destinations follow. Tourism is not limited to leisure activities; it also includes business tourism, cultural travel, environmental effects of aviation, international tourism advertising, medical tourism, and science tourism, among others. The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) plays a crucial role in promoting responsible, sustainable, and universally accessible tourism, providing statistics and insights on key indicators for inbound and outbound tourism globally. In conclusion, tourism is a complex and multifaceted industry that has a significant impact on the global economy and local communities. It encompasses various forms, including international and domestic tourism, and serves as a crucial source of employment and income for millions of people worldwide.

Altered Cortical Activity during a Finger Tap in People with Stroke.

This study describes electroencephalography (EEG) measurements during a simple finger movement in people with stroke to understand how temporal patterns of cortical activation and network connectivity align with prolonged muscle contraction at the end of a task. We investigated changes in the EEG temporal patterns in the beta band (13-26Hz) of people with chronic stroke (N = 10, 7F/3M) and controls (N = 10, 7F/3M), during and after a cued movement of the index finger. We quantified the change in beta band EEG power relative to baseline as activation at each electrode and the change in task-based phase-locking value (tbPLV) and beta band task-based coherence (tbCoh) relative to baseline coherence as connectivity between EEG electrodes. Finger movements were associated with a decrease in beta power (event related desynchronization (ERD)) followed by an increase in beta power (event related resynchronization (ERS)). The ERS in the post task period was lower in the stroke group (7%), compared to controls (44%) (p < 0.001) and the transition from ERD to ERS was delayed in the stroke group (1.43s) compared to controls (0.90s) in the C3 electrode (p = 0.007). In the same post movement period, the stroke group maintained a heightened tbPLV (p = 0.030 for time to baseline of the C3:Fz electrode pair) and did not show the decrease in connectivity in electrode pair C3:Fz that was observed in controls (tbPLV: p = 0.006; tbCoh: p = 0.023). Our results suggest that delays in cortical deactivation patterns following movement coupled with changes in the time course of connectivity between the sensorimotor and frontal cortices in the stroke group might explain clinical observations of prolonged muscle activation in people with stroke. This prolonged activation might be attributed to the combination of cortical reorganization and changes to sensory feedback post-stroke.

Zoram People's Movement: The New Government Of Mizoram

This thesis explores the emergence and evolution of ZPM, an alliance initially formed by six regional parties under the leadership of MLA and former IPS Officer Lalduhoma. With a focus on secularism and the protection of religious minorities, ZPM has challenged the traditional political powerhouses in Mizoram by advocating for a new, corruption-free governance model

W obliczu klęski Prus – o działaniach władz guberni litewskich na przełomie lat 1806–1807

In the autumn of 1806, in view of the defeat of Prussia in the clash with France and the approach of Napoleon’s army to the borders of Russia, the Russian authorities became concerned about the loyalty of their Polish subjects. The authorities of the Lithuanian governorates took preventive measures to preclude an uprising movement and preserve public peace. In particular, attempts were made to seal the border. More careful attention was paid to the movement of people, and care was taken to ensure that travellers did not bring anti-government writings into Russia. Intelligence activities were intensified to monitor the disposition of the population. Emperor Alexander I ordered that any insurrectionary uprising be vigorously suppressed by the harshest means, including the use of the army. At the same time, the authorities tried to avoid anything that could fuel popular discontent. By the Emperor’s decision, the use of ukases in the courts, which, in the opinion of the Lithuanian nobility, hindered the conduct of judicial proceedings, was stopped. Attempts were made to introduce strict discipline in military units to prevent abuse of the civilian population. A police force was put on alert to put suspicious people arriving from abroad under surveillance. Signals of contact between Lithuanian residents and the French army were investigated.

From an Enclosure to Human-Scaled Encounters: Articulating the Notion of Third Space in the Vishwakarma Community Temple, Penang

Abstract The Arulmigu Kamatchi Amman Devasthanam, located on Jalan Dato Keramat, in Penang, Malaysia provides entry into the cultural world of Pathars, the traditional Tamil goldsmiths who have long established their business in Penang. The continuity of this temple is studied through its spatial attributes and social impact in anchoring collective community experience Primary data was acquired through ethnography and secondary data was drawn from a document and photo review. The analysis provides a narrative account of the temple’s mandapa as a social space that facilitates the hybridity of identities that grow from this temple. As a representation of Bhabha’s Third Space and emanation of Lefebvre’s “space triad”, the mandapa within this temple fosters the lived experience of its users through bodily encounters, to renegotiate and reimagine their culture and identity that has been shaped by colonialism, as well as the transnational movement of people, culture, and memories.

Singing Blackness

In this article I propose the exploration of racial discourse in recent Black Caribbean rap and hip-hop productions. Rap and hip-hop are often used as a sociopolitical tool that—through writing and language—achieve to create activist movements. Specifically, I study the work of the Cuban hip-hop group Obsesión [Obsession] and of Cuban rapper Robe L Ninho and the work of Dominican rappers Circuito Negro and JNoa. I particularly focus on some of their songs that make of the genre an opportunity to approach the racial topic in their communities and a way to celebrate Blackness. This way, these hip-hop and rap songs break the most commercial, common, and expected pattern of lyrics that focus on topics that oversexualize the female (Black) body, that often objectify women, and that reproduce a patriarchal and heteronormative discourse. Instead, these songs, through the topics that they explore, aim to create community and craft a space for social activism. They do so, for example, by singing about hair (Obsesión and Robe L Ninho) and by singing about their Afro-Caribbean communities and their existence as Black people in their neighborhoods (Circuito Negro, JNoa). Among a variety of tracks, I mainly focus on songs that are connected in topic and that represent a continuumin the production of approximately the last decade. So, for example I analyze the songs “Los pelos [Hair]” by Obsesión (2014) and “N.E.G.R.O. [N.E.G.R.O.]” by Robe L Ninho (2022) that focus on Afro hair, celebrate the beauty of it, and denounce the prejudices against it almost a decade apart from each other. Then, I focus on the song “Revolufunk” by Circuito Negro (2011) and the song “Qué fue[What Happened?]” (2022) by JNoa. In this case also there is a generational gap between the artists that symbolize both the evolution of the genre and the consistency of the topics that they cover and that are connected to Blackness. In addition to the racial discourse and the connection of topics across the last decade, these songs also create an inter-Caribbean discourse that transcends the concept of nation and nationality and instead identifies with and shapes a message for Black Spanish-speaking Caribbean people. These songs reveal a poetic that adds urban sounds to a spoken word tradition and that mixes writing, oral tradition, and language in lieu to create a sociopolitical activist movement for Afro-Caribbean people. Also, by focusing on race in countries where the Black communities are often made invisible, they shed light on minorities that usually are relegated to the lowest layers of society. Thus, through their music, these artists raise awareness on their Blackness and on their communities, but they also create a transversal Afro-Caribbean narrative that connects and creates a sense of community among Blacks in the Caribbean in their native Spanish language. This study, so, represents an opportunity to shift a US-centered discourse on Blackness and race and opens new ways of living and understanding the African diaspora in other geographies.