Motor Training Research Articles

Towards the efficiency transportation work of locomotives diesel traction in real operating conditions

A methodology for substantiating the optimal parameters settings of diesel generators of diesel locomotives according to the criterion of the maximum weighted average efficiency of a diesel locomotive depending on their operating conditions is presented, as well as a methodology and numerical algorithm for assessing the optimal diesel power and efficiency of diesel locomotives with electric transmission and their traction electrical machines. When choosing the optimal mode for controlling the movement of a freight train, the author recommends using the principle of parametric (additive) optimization of the transportation work of locomotives and the value of the highest efficiency of the power circuit, depending on the accepted range of changes in the speed movement of the train on the calculated section of the railway. The research results were obtained in the form of tabular data (regime card) and corresponding analytical expressions - equations for determining the parameters under study. It is recommended to test the obtained research results in real operating conditions, and continue these studies for other types of diesel locomotives and sections of the Uzbek railways of varying degrees of difficulty.

Novel Wearable Device for Mindful Sensorimotor Training: Integrating Motor Decoding and Somatosensory Stimulation for Neurorehabilitation.

Sensorimotor impairment is a prevalent condition requiring effective rehabilitation strategies. This study introduces a novel wearable device for Mindful Sensorimotor Training (MiSMT) designed for sensory and motor rehabilitation. Our MiSMT device combines motor training using myoelectric pattern recognition along sensory training using two tactile displays. This device offers a comprehensive solution, integrating electromyography and haptic feedback, lacking in existing devices. The device features eight electromyography channels, a rechargeable battery, and wireless Bluetooth or Wi-Fi connectivity for seamless communication with a computer or mobile device. Its flexible material allows for adaptability to various body parts, ensuring ease of use in diverse patients. The two tactile displays, with 16 electromagnetic actuators each, provide touch and vibration sensations up to 250 Hz. In this proof-of-concept study, we show improved two-point discrimination after 5 training sessions in participants with intact limbs (p=0.047). We also demonstrated successful acquisition, processing, and decoding of myoelectric signals in offline and online evaluations. In conclusion, the MiSMT device presents a promising tool for sensorimotor rehabilitation by combining motor execution and sensory training benefits. Further studies are required to assess its effectiveness in individuals with sensorimotor impairments. Integrating mindful sensory and motor training with innovative technology can enhance rehabilitation outcomes and improve the quality of life for those with sensorimotor impairments.

CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES OF PRIMARY SCHOOL EDUCATION

The retrospective analysis of the activities of public schools in a number of countries made it possible to note that concrete measures are being implemented here aimed at strengthening the health of students, shaping their personality and preparing them for their future work activities. From that point of view, it is still debatable to start school education early, in other words, from the age of 6.0-6.5. However, how justified is it? The issues of so-called "school maturity" and the optimal age for primary school were discussed. Many scientific-methodical literary sources and methods of logical and empirical analysis related to the problem were applied. The issue of school maturation arose when the tendency to start education of schoolchildren from the age of 6.0 to 6.5 was highlighted. However, from the point of view of functional, psychological, mental and motor training, not all children of that age are already mature and capable of mastering certain knowledge, abilities and skills. The article describes specific scientific data and results. From 40 to 60% of children are simply not ready for school education. On the other hand, as a result of one-year study, various deviations in the state of health are recorded, motor activity and performance of first-graders are halved. At the same time, intellectuals from different periods claim that it is most effective to start school at the age of 7. The transition to schooling at the ages of 6.0 and 6.5 has worsened children's health problems. Most of them are not ready for school learning and experience certain difficulties of a psychoemotional, functional and, of course, motor and adaptive nature. The solution of these issues is still considered relevant and up-to-date.

Development of a motion-based video game for postural training: a feasibility study on older adults with adult degenerative scoliosis.

Forward sagittal alignment affects physical performance, is associated with pain and impacts the health-related quality of life of the elderly. Interventions that help seniors to improve sagittal balance are needed to inhibit the progression of pain and disability. A motion-sensing video game (active game) is developed in this study to monitor sitting and standing postures in real-time and facilitate the postural learning process by using optical sensors to measure body movement and a video game to provide visual feedback. Ten female subjects (mean age: 60.0 ± 5.2 years old; mean BMI: 21.4 ± 1.9) with adult degenerative scoliosis (mean major Cobb's angle: 38.1°± 22.7°) participate in a 6-week postural training programme with three one-hour postural training sessions a week. Eleven body alignment measurements of their perceived "ideal" sitting and standing postures are obtained before and after each training session to evaluate the effectiveness of postural learning with the game. The participants learn to sit and stand with increased sagittal alignment with a raised chest and more retracted head position. The forward shift of their head and upper body is significantly reduced after each training session. Although this immediate effect only partially sustained after the 6-week program, the participants learned to adjust their shoulder and pelvis level for a better lateral alignment in standing. The proposed postural training system, which is presented as a gameplay with real-time visual feedback, can effectively help players to improve their postures. This pilot feasibility study explores the development and initial assessment of a motion-based video game designed for postural training in older adults with adult degenerative scoliosis, and demonstrates the usability and benefits of active gameplay in motor training.

Feasibility of an exergaming training program in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A mixed method study.

Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus may benefit from exergaming training. Exergaming, technology-driven physical activities requiring participants to be physically active or exercise to play the game, allows combining cognitive with motor training. This trial aimed to primarily evaluate the feasibility of an exergame-based training protocol. Secondarily, possible effects on physical, functional, and patient-reported outcomes were explored. Type 2 diabetic individuals performed an exergaming protocol on a pressure sensitive platform. After a 6-week control period, training was administered 2-3 times weekly for another six weeks for 30-60 minutes per session. Outcome variables were assessed during baseline (T0), pre-intervention (T1) and twice at postintervention (T1 and T2). An interview after completion ended the study program. Feasibility was determined by recruitment, adherence, compliance, attrition rates, motivation, satisfaction, and technology acceptance. Eleven of 13 participants completed the study protocol. The feasibility criteria adherence-mandatory (86.4%), adherence-voluntary (70.2%), compliance (99.7%), attrition (15.4%) rate, motivation (82%), satisfaction (80%), and technology acceptance (62.5%) were all deemed acceptable, except for the recruitment rate (13.7%). There were inconsistent effects on functional outcomes, appraisal of diabetes, and health-related quality of life. Qualitative patient-reported experience was overall positive, which is in line with the quantitative results. The exergame-based training program is feasible and safe and type 2 diabetic participants' acceptance of this approach was high, although the recruitment procedure needs minor changes. Furthermore, results were obtained that might be useful in selecting appropriate assessments and sample sizes in future trials.

Determining the energy efficiency indicators of the diesel train DPKr-2 and the rail bus 620M based on traction calculations using the numerical method of solving the equation of train movement

The purpose of the article is to compare the technical and energy parameters of the diesel train DPKr-2 and the railbus 620M based on traction calculations using mathematical modeling when solving the train movement equation. The mathematical model of the train is adapted to determine the movement parameters of the specified rolling stock units according to different variable phase coordinates for different movement modes. To achieve this purpose, the authors used methods of system analysis, nonlinear programming, and numerical methods for solving differential equations. The accuracy of the calculations was verified using simulation modeling methods and compared with experimental data. To analyze the results, the obtained indicators of traction calculations – technical speed and specific consumption of diesel fuel – were compared. As a result of the comparison, the specific fuel consumption per ton-kilometer meter, a significant saving of energy resources is observed. Comparative specific fuel consumption per passenger-kilometer meter, on the contrary, indicates an increase in the consumption of energy resources. The mathematical model of the train is adapted to determine the movement parameters of diesel trains and rail buses according to different variable phase coordinates for different drive modes. The practical significance lies in determining the efficiency indicators of the use of different types of rolling stock on the railways of Ukraine, taking into account economic, social and migration factors.

A Study of Data-Driven Optimization of Personalized Instructional Strategies for Physical Education Training

Abstract As a new type of sports training, the application of sports information technology can effectively improve the athletes’ sports level and sports performance. In this paper, based on the way and effect of sports information technology application, a system for sports teaching and training assistance is designed. Through sports training intensity monitoring, the training intensity of the athletes is obtained, and a high load alarm is triggered. At the same time, the improved hybrid Kalman filter is used to solve the posture of training movements, and the DTW algorithm is used to recognize the training movements and compare them with the standard movements to obtain the training scores. Coaches can be assisted in formulating personalized teaching strategies by using the system’s obtained sports training data. This paper’s sports teaching and training assistance system has a significantly shorter response time than the two comparative systems, which suggests it has better response performance and practicality. The RMSE values of the improved hybrid Kalman filter are 0.92, 0.84 and 1.47 for the roll, pitch and yaw angles, respectively, which are better than that of the extended Kalman filter, indicating that it is closer to the original data and has better data fusion performance. Compared with the control class using traditional teaching strategies, the students in the experimental class using the personalized teaching strategies of this paper have higher skill improvement, indicating that the strategies of this paper have an important guiding role for personalized physical education teaching.

Microprocessor system control stage: railway tracks example

This paper introduces a novel method of managing railway tracks by utilizing a control system based on microprocessors. The creation and deployment of an advanced system intended to improve the effectiveness, security, and dependability of railway operations is the main objective. The suggested system makes use of cutting-edge microprocessor technology to keep an eye on, manage, and repair a number of railway infrastructure components, such as train movements, signal operations, and track integrity. The system offers an automated approach to identify and resolve any problems such track defects, signal failures, and unwanted access through real-time data collecting and processing. Additionally, the integration of predictive maintenance algorithms helps in preemptive identification of wear and tear on tracks, thereby reducing the likelihood of accidents and improving overall service quality. The paper details the architectural design of the system, its operational mechanisms, and the results of a series of simulations and real-world tests conducted to validate its effectiveness. The findings demonstrate significant improvements in operational efficiency, reduced maintenance costs, and enhanced passenger safety, illustrating the potential of microprocessor-based systems in revolutionizing railway infrastructure management.

Development of a route setting model in the dispatching centralization system

These days, automation and remote control technologies provide the foundation for the organization of train movement across several categories. At railroad sections and stations, dispatcher centralization systems are utilized to guarantee the security of train movement. However, in the railroad portions where high-speed train movements are organized, time limitations based on the human factor are being implemented. Consequently, this results in longer wait times for technological processes at stations and longer train intervals on some railway segments. Developing an automated route preparation procedure at stations in dispatching centralization systems will allow for the resolution of current issues. A dispatching centralized system model for route establishment has been created in this scientific study. Using a two-layer neural network, a mathematical model of route setting in the dispatcher centralization system was determined. Neural networks are employed in rail dispatch rooms for intelligent route comparison and in dispatcher centralized systems for tracking train routes at stations.

Performance of a Novel Muscle Synergy Approach for Continuous Motion Estimation on Untrained Motion (March 2024).

When applying continuous motion estimation (CME) model based on sEMG to human-robot system, it is inevitable to encounter scenarios in which the motions performed by the user are different from the motions in the training stage of the model. It has been demonstrated that the prediction accuracy of the currently effective approaches on untrained motions will be significantly reduced. Therefore, we proposed a novel CME method by introducing muscle synergy as feature to achieve better prediction accuracy on untrained motion tasks. Specifically, deep non-smooth NMF (Deep-nsNMF) was firstly introduced on synergy extraction to improve the efficiency of synergy decomposition. After obtaining the activation primitives from various training motions, we proposed a redundancy classification algorithm (RC) to identify shared and task-specific synergies, optimizing the original redundancy segmentation algorithm (RS). NARX neural network was set as the regression model for training. Finally, the model was tested on prediction tasks of eight untrained motions. The prediction accuracy of the proposed method was found to perform better than using time-domain feature as input of the network. Through Deep-nsNMF with RS, the highest accuracy reached 99.7%. Deep-nsNMF with RC performed similarly well and its stability was relatively higher among different motions and subjects. Limitation of the approach is that the problem of positive correlation between the prediction error and the absolute value of real angle remains to be further addressed. Generally, this research demonstrates the potential for CME models to perform well in complex scenarios, providing the feasibility of dedicating CME to real-world applications.

To evaluation of the efficiency of UzTE16M3 diesel locomotives on the high-speed section of the railway

The results of the calculation of the kinematic parameters of the movement of a freight train by a graphical method on a virtual hilly section of a high-speed railway when moving without stops and with stops at an intermediate and final station are presented. The values of energy efficiency indicators of UzTE16M3 diesel locomotives were obtained in quantitative and monetary terms when driving a freight train of a unified mass of train. The research results are presented in the form of tabular data and will be implemented by specialists of the locomotive complex in substantiating the efficiency of the transportation work of UzTE16M3 diesel locomotives in real operating conditions.

Calculation of the wave field in a layered soil foundation using the grid method

The article contains a solution to the problem of propagation of waves in a soil massif arising from the movement of subway trains. This problem often arises when predicting vibration levels in buildings located near metro lines. The problem is considered in a two-dimensional formulation, taking into account the actual location of soil layers with different physical and mechanical properties. The soil is modeled using the assumption of its linear deformability, which, to a first approximation, is acceptable due to small vibration displacements. To solve the problem, the finite difference method is used, which allows taking into account the various physical properties of individual soil layers and the structure of subway tunnels and at the same time is one of the simplest numerical methods. To obtain a solution, the direct integration method is used using an explicit scheme, which requires setting sufficiently small time steps. The results are presented as graphs of vibration displacements obtained at various points in time. The graphs illustrate the different nature of the wave field at different load frequencies. The dynamic load is specified in the form of vibrations of the walls of the subway tunnel.

To the effectiveness of using of UzTE16M3 diesel locomotives on a hilly section of railroad

A program algorithm and a method for producing (performing) traction calculations are proposed, based on geometric constructions of changes in the speed and time of train movement along the track, relying on the specific resultant forces of the train in the travel track of rolling stock. Calculations of the kinematic parameters of the movement of a freight train on a virtual hilly section of the railway were carried out using a graphic-analytical method when moving with stops and without stops at the intermediate and final stations. The values of the energy efficiency indicators of UzTE16M3 diesel locomotives when driving a freight train with a minimum train weight in quantitative and monetary terms are substantiated. The numerical results of the research are obtained in the form of tabular data, which specialists of the locomotive complex can use when analyzing and assessing the efficiency of the transportation work of UzTE16M3 diesel locomotives under real operating conditions.

Дослідження гальмівної динаміки автопоїзда

The article analyzes the dynamic characteristics of the braking process of a two-link road train during straight and curvilinear movement. It has been proven that the greatest indicator of the efficiency of the braking process of a road train is observed during full loading of all axles, that is, when all wheels are on the verge of blocking at the same time, and the stability of the movement of the road train in the braking mode depends on the proportionality of the braking forces to the value of the normal reactions on each wheel and the nature of the interaction of the links in the support-coupling device. Dependencies for calculating the value of the normal reactions acting on the wheels of the vehicle have been obtained. It was established that when the weight of the semi-trailer changes, the largest additional load occurs on the axle of the semi-trailer, the smallest - on the front axle of the tractor. During braking in the process of straight-line movement, with increased braking intensity, the load on the rear axle of the tractor, as well as the axles of the semi-trailer, is reduced by increasing the load on the front axle of the tractor. It should be noted that simultaneously with the unloading of the axles of the semi-trailer, there is an increase in the load on the support-coupling device of the vehicle, which, in turn, results in an increase in the load on the axles of the tractor. Braking dynamics of a road train in curvilinear movement shows that an increase in the intensity of braking is accompanied by a redistribution of the values of normal support reactions and additional loading of the front axle of the tractor. At the same time, a larger value of the normal reaction is characteristic of the wheels located on the outer circle relative to the center of rotation. This effect is explained by the influence of centrifugal forces. The maximum value of lateral deviation of normal support reactions is observed on the rear axle of the tractor.

TO THE ISSUE OF EQUIPPING A CATEGORY O2 TRAILER TRAIN

Summary. In recent years, enterprises and private manufacturers of Ukraine have mastered the production of a wide range of trailers. Today, trailer manufacturers offer a wide range of various designs, including those with large dimensions and strong sides. Thanks to this, the devices can transport not only bulky goods, but also those that are not recommended for transportation in the car cabin. The trailer, in particular a multifunctional one, will become indispensable for the transportation of construction materials, the removal of garbage and other waste after repairs, the transportation of heavy equipment, office and household furniture, etc. In the production of multi-functional trailers of the PVBF type, the main component products (running and braking systems, coupling devices, parking risers, winches, element base for fixing sides and doors, etc.) manufactured by the companies "Knott", "AI-Ko Kober", " Reynolds transport systems (Europe)", "Aluvan", etc., which meet modern certification requirements. For these trailers, the general characteristics of the mass and dimensional parameters of the five main groups of the standard size series, which differ in gross weight (1500, 2000,……3500 kg) and trailer base (2500...5000 mm), are defined. Taking into account that the weight of the trailer should not exceed the weight of the towing vehicle, you can choose your own towing vehicle for each group of the size series. When choosing a traction vehicle, you should proceed from the condition of ensuring the movement of the road train at maximum speed. Under this condition, the maximum engine power of the traction vehicle for a road train with a trailer weight of 1,500 to 3,500 kg is determined. The obtained power of the motor train engine for the entire standard-sized series of trailers is significantly less than the real power of the traction vehicle engine. Therefore, the traction vehicle must be selected based on mass indicators from the vehicles that are operated in Ukraine. Keywords: car, multi-functional trailer, road train, standard size range, mass, speed, power

Simulations of electric multiple unit series 413/417 drives on the electrified tracks of "Serbian Railways"

In the paper, the Matlab-Simulink model of simulation of operation of the ŽS 413/417 series electric multiple unit (EMU) in traction and braking mode is exposed where changes are observed: stator currents of three-phase traction motors, traction electric motor speeds and electric multiple unit, electromagnetic torque on the rotor shaft of the traction electric motor and DC bus voltage. The model allowed review of the listed parameters for: different allowed values of contact network voltage and total voltage distortion at the place of connection of the electric multiple unit to the contact network, different mechanical loads of electric multiple unit and traction electric motor and different train speeds and rotation of traction electric motors. Appropriate conclusions were made through the analysis of the simulation results obtained.

From barriers to opportunities from COVID-19 pandemic: Stakeholder perspectives on cervical cancer screening programs in LMICs of the Asia-Pacific region.

Cervical cancer is preventable, yet it remains the fourth most common cancer in women globally. The highest incidence and mortality occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where over 70% of women have never been screened, and 58% of the cases are in Asia. While the COVID-19 pandemic caused significant disruptions to cervical screening programs, particularly for LMICs, there were opportunities that emerged from the pandemic that were enablers of program recovery. Stakeholders played key roles in materialising strategy into implementation. Therefore, in this study, we examined the barriers and facilitators to implementing recovery strategies from the stakeholders' perspectives. We interviewed fifteen stakeholders from nine LMICs in the Asia-Pacific region directly involved in the implementation of the cervical screening program. A total of 23 barriers and 21 facilitators were identified, of which seven barriers and nine facilitators related directly to the pandemic. Pandemic-related barriers included movement restrictions, resource diversion, cancelled campaigns and training, deprioritisation of HPV prevention efforts, and a reduced health workforce. Stakeholders concurred that most barriers had predated the pandemic and remained as the pandemic eased. Conversely, the pandemic introduced facilitators such as means for targeted campaigns, improved understanding of viruses, accessible training with online platforms, better PCR testing capabilities, a shift in the government's position towards preventive health services, and openness to HPV testing and self-swabs. The emerging facilitators offered opportunities to address some of the persistent barriers, such as limited cervical cancer awareness and insufficient healthcare providers in screening programs. However, effective implementation of these emerging facilitators requires improved communication and collaboration between policymakers and implementers to accelerate the recovery of screening programs in LMICs. Further work is necessary to align emerging facilitators with the health system goals and resource settings of each country in turning these opportunities into actions.

Intermittent low-intensity and moderate-intensity exercise effects on cognition in community-dwelling older adults: a pilot study exploring biological mechanisms.

To examine the cognitive benefits of 6 months of prescribed intermittent exercise (10-min bouts totaling 150 weekly minutes) in community-dwelling older adults, comparing effects of low-intensity movement (LIM) and moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (aerobic exercise; AE) training; and exploring biological mechanisms of exercise-related cognitive improvement. Twenty-five adults (>60 years old) participated in a 6-month controlled trial and were randomized into LIM or AE intermittent training. Cognition was assessed using a neuropsychological test battery including the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), California Verbal Learning Test, 2nd Edition (CVLT-II), and Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS). Neuroimaging measures were collected using a 7 T human MRI scanner. Serologic neurotrophic and inflammatory factors were analyzed using Luminex multiplex assays [brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF); vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)]; interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1). LIM and AE intermittent training had dissociable effects on cognition, with LIM resulting in improved learning and memory and AE resulting in improved executive functioning. Intervention groups differed on change in cognitive performance on CVLT-II learning and D-KEFS trail making test. Increase in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) surface area was linked to executive improvement (i.e., phonemic fluency) regardless of intervention group. A decline in circulating PAI-1 was linked to learning and memory improvement in response to LIM over 6 months. Moderate-intensity AE and LIM intermittent training likely have distinct cognitive benefits, though low-intensity activity is often included as a control group in exercise trials in aging.

КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТЬ СПЕЦИАЛИСТОВ ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНОГО ТРАНСПОРТА В ОБЛАСТИ ЗДОРОВЬЕСБЕРЕЖЕНИЯ

The priority of safety issues in ensuring the uninterrupted and accident-free movement of trains, the safety of cargo, the life, health, well-being of passengers and railway workers allows us to consider measures aimed at maintaining health, preventing occupational diseases, developing professionally significant physical, psychological and personal qualities enshrined in regulatory documents defining the procedure for professional inspections in railway transport as part of the technological processes of railway production (Development Strategy of the Russian Railways Holding for the period until 2030; section 5.5. Social block). An increase in information flows, changes in the organizational, logistics, technological, and technical foundations of transport production give rise to situations of high variability and danger. This challenge significantly increases the level of influence of risks of various natures, the implementation of which can lead to socially unfavorable consequences (the occurrence of errors, failures, failures, threats to the safety of cargo, the health and life of workers and passengers). This challenge actualizes the problem of developing the health care competence of railway transport specialists, which belongs to the universal competencies of the “Self-development and selforganization” category. Analysis of scientific and methodological literature and the results of applied research made it possible to summarize the essential characteristics of the concept of “health-preserving competence” and define it as an integrative personal education, the structure and content of which depends on the conditions for the implementation of professional activity, the main functions, actions and operations of the professional activity of specific specialists. The structure of the health-saving competence of railway transport specialists is represented by a set of components: motivational (readiness and attitude towards the implementation of competence), cognitive-activity (knowledge, cognitive skills, practical experience, level of physical fitness and psycho-emotional stability), reflective (self-analysis, selfdevelopment, formation of the self - concept). The logic of forming health care competence can be represented by a movement from a threshold level to a basic level and from there to a higher level - progressive.

Multi-Task Heterogeneous Ensemble Learning-Based Cross-Subject EEG Classification Under Stroke Patients.

Robot-assisted motor training is applied for neurorehabilitation in stroke patients, using motor imagery (MI) as a representative paradigm of brain-computer interfaces to offer real-life assistance to individuals facing movement challenges. However, the effectiveness of training with MI may vary depending on the location of the stroke lesion, which should be considered. This paper introduces a multi-task electroencephalogram-based heterogeneous ensemble learning (MEEG-HEL) specifically designed for cross-subject training. In the proposed framework, common spatial patterns were used for feature extraction, and the features according to stroke lesions are shared and selected through sequential forward floating selection. The heterogeneous ensembles were used as classifiers. Nine patients with chronic ischemic stroke participated, engaging in MI and motor execution (ME) paradigms involving finger tapping. The classification criteria for the multi-task were established in two ways, taking into account the characteristics of stroke patients. In the cross-subject session, the first involved a direction recognition task for two-handed classification, achieving a performance of 0.7419 (±0.0811) in MI and 0.7061 (±0.1270) in ME. The second task focused on motor assessment for lesion location, resulting in a performance of 0.7457 (±0.1317) in MI and 0.6791 (±0.1253) in ME. Comparing the specific-subject session, except for ME on the motor assessment task, performance on both tasks was significantly higher than the cross-subject session. Furthermore, classification performance was similar to or statistically higher in cross-subject sessions compared to baseline models. The proposed MEEG-HEL holds promise in improving the practicality of neurorehabilitation in clinical settings and facilitating the detection of lesions.