Movement Of People Research Articles

Strengthening National Regulations in Combating Cross-Border Trafficking: Empirical Approach and the Way Forward

At practical level, both nationally and internationally, various efforts have been made to deal with increasingly acute human trafficking. However, as it turns out in practice, all existing legal instruments have not had a deterrent effect and have broken the chain of human trafficking to this day. Even more so in Indonesia. This article focuses on examining the answer to the problem, namely the national policy to prevent human trafficking and the efforts that can be made to eradicate increasingly complex human trafficking. This qualitative study is related to the policy and implementation of international and national policies to address human trafficking in cross-country border legal research. This paper provides information on the latest trends in research. The results show that the current moment of globalization is witnessing an extraordinary movement of people, legitimate and illegitimate, across national and international borders. This global movement of people has created panic across borders. It manifests itself in strengthening border controls and tightening immigration laws as a threat to the nation-state's security

Are vessel arrival and port operations affected by COVID-19? Evidence from the Hong Kong port

Efficient vessel arrivals and departures are crucial for the smooth functioning of port operations and global supply chains. Nonetheless, the emergence of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) at the end of 2019 has presented unprecedented challenges to the shipping industry worldwide, disrupting vessel schedules and operations due to measures aimed at minimizing in-person interactions and restricting the movement of goods and people. The influence of the COVID-19 on vessel arrivals at ports around the world has been significant and far-reaching, with many ports struggling to maintain their efficiency and effectiveness. This study takes the Hong Kong port (HKP) as an example to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on vessel arrivals and port operations. Data from 2019 to 2022 on vessel arrivals and port operations are collected to examine whether, how, and why the pandemic has affected these arrivals and the related port operations. Specifically, we use four general indicators, namely the number of vessel calls, vessel total net tonnage (NT), vessel average gross tonnage (GT), and port total throughput, to comparatively evaluate the COVID-19 impact on vessel arrival. Additionally, we quantitatively assess the effects of COVID-19 on vessel arrival punctuality and vessel turnaround time at the HKP. Our analysis reveals that the COVID-19 and associated restrictions have led to fewer vessel calls across various vessel types, a decrease in overall port throughput, and consequently, reductions in total vessel NT and average GT. Furthermore, the pandemic-related restrictions have exacerbated vessel arrival delays and increased vessel turnaround time during the pandemic, further reducing the efficiency of port operations. To address these challenges, our study also proposes policy recommendations and management guidance for the port to enhance its resilience and efficiency in the post COVID-19 pandemic era. By shedding light on effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on vessel arrival and port operations, our study contributes to a deeper understanding of the challenges faced by the shipping industry and provides insights and recommendations for the future development of port operations in the post COVID-19 era.

MAIN MEANS OF CREATING AND DEVELOPING INCLUSIVE ROUTES

The article considers the problem of creating and developing inclusive routes. It analyses current trends in this field, including the impact of technology and sociocultural changes, classifies the requirements for the design of inclusive routes, and defines the main groups of elements and means of arranging inclusive routes. The study of barrier-free environments is an essential component of the work of many academics and researchers in inclusion and accessibility. Developing a barrier-free environment is a necessary need of modern times and a powerful catalyst for the progress of any country. Barrier-free access opens up new opportunities for the active participation of many people in public life who couldn’t fully use their potential before, which is especially true for less mobile population groups and persons with disabilities, particularly. The authors have studied and classified the requirements for the arrangement of inclusive routes, addressing the needs of population groups with reduced mobility, and determined the main criteria and priorities: accessibility, informativeness, safety, and convenience. The defined advantages of inclusive routes are: inclusion and integration – inclusive routes contribute to a more inclusive society where all people have the opportunity to move freely and participate in different aspects of life; improving the quality of life – access to inclusive routes facilitates the daily movements of people with disabilities and improves their quality of life; economic advantages – the creation of inclusive routes contributes to the development of local economies and increases the attractiveness of the region for tourists and investors; social interaction – inclusive routes unite different population groups and support social interaction and mutual understanding. Considering and analysing the main groups of elements and means of developing inclusive routes will allow for determining the main calculation parameters in further studies of inclusive routes. Keywords: inclusiveness, route, accessibility, safety, comfortable movement, barrier-free.

The Implementation Of CRPD In Indonesia to Ensure Educational Rights For Autistic Children (Case Study: Makassar)

Stigma regarding people with autism is still developing in society. The impact limits the movement of people with autism in obtaining their rights, including the right to education. This article investigates the implementation of the Convention on The Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) as a regime to discourse the educational rights of children with autism in Makassar City. The study uses Grindle and Thomas's framework to evaluate policy design, conflict arena, and regime implementation resources. While regional laws demonstrate a joyous policy design, various actors such as the Mayor, City Council, Education Office, and the autism community play crucial roles in the arena of conflict. However, challenges persist in fulfilling technical and physical resources, restricting the practical success of UNCRPD implementation for autism education in Makassar City.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE TRANSMIGRATION COMMUNITY IN RINGIN JAYA VILLAGE, PULAU BURUNG DISTRICT, INDRAGIRI HILIR DISTRICT, RIAU PROVINCE, 1994-2000

Transmigration is the movement of people from a densely populated area to an area that is less or not yet populated. Transmigration in Indonesia has existed since the colonial era and the New Order until now. Transmigration first came to Ringin Jaya Village in 1994. This writing aims to determine the development of the lives of the transmigration community in Ringin Jaya Village. The importance of this research is because the transmigration of people from Java to Ringin Jaya Village has had a very rapid influence on regional expansion, regional development, social and economic development of the people in Ringin Jaya Village. The method used in this research is a qualitative method with a historical approach. Historical research consists of four stages, namely heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. Based on the results of initial research, the arrival of the transmigration community in Ringin Jaya Village mostly came from Java. The reason Javanese people participate in transmigration is to look for larger land because the land available in Java is very narrow, while those living in Java have an increasingly dense population and the economy is also difficult, so people participate in transmigration with the aim of changing their lives and making the economy better in the future. which will come.

From the “dirty port” to the Disinfection Service of the Port of Rio de Janeiro (1893-1911)

Abstract This article demonstrates how sanitation was one of the many issues that led to the heavy opposition to the operation of the Port of Rio de Janeiro, at the end of the nineteenth century. Aside from the historiographical framework that centers on the movement of people and objects through ports as a threat to public health at that time, the aim was to clarify how the port itself and its infrastructures were considered hazardous and unsanitary and how the sanitation defense procedures were found to be inadequate and ineffective. The evidence presented here points to the destruction-construction of the Port of Rio de Janeiro, in the early twentieth century, as a solution to radically transform its infrastructure. The port under construction was consonant with the full technical-technological implementation of the “disinfection” service, which both supported its new operation and helped solve the public health issues afflicting the city.

Movement refrains of people with visual impairments: A post-phenomenological geography beyond space and place

Abstract The paper intervenes in current discussions within post-phenomenological geography. It analyzes the movement of people with visual impairments in order to develop an approach to post-phenomenology that emphasizes the in-betweenness of bodies in motion. Our perspective differs from phenomenological (and humanistic) geographies and from post-phenomenological geographies that are rooted in object-oriented ontology. They both rely on the differentiation between space and place, accept pointillism, treat places as points in space, time as exclusively chronological, and bodies as beings, not becomings. We analyze data from interviews with people with visual impairments. We first consider their movement through the perspective of humanistic (particularly phenomenological) geography. After acknowledging the limits of this approach, we turn to our actualized conception of post-phenomenological geography, which draws on Deleuze’s concepts of movement, path, refrain, and involuntary memory. With this conceptual repertoire, we go beyond the space-place dichotomy and highlight the in-betweenness and virtuality of movement. We explore difference-producing repetitions, which are constituted through refraining into paths. Our approach conceptualizing movement as “refraining into paths” is instrumental to studying the movement of people with visual impairment: It helps to dispute ableism, and it enriches the current discussion about post-phenomenological geography in its insistence on relations and becoming.

Transport in the tourist services sector in Poland during the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic

Transport plays an essential role in the country's socio-economic development, as it enables efficient functioning of individual sectors of the economy. It is a factor enhancing the development of many areas of life, including tourist travel. A characteristic feature of tourism is the movement of people to places of attractive value. Therefore, transport is necessary for its existence. The tourist industry has been severely affected by the spread of COVID-19. The crisis caused by the coronavirus pandemic has weakened the condition of the tourist services sector and affected transport. The article aims to reveal the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the transport sector concerning changes in tourist transport passengers. Data on tourist traffic in Poland was used in this publication. It has been shown that the weakening of tourism significantly translated into changes in the number of passengers traveling. The decrease in the number of people transported mainly affected air and road transport; however, more minor differences were observed in transport based on rail, sea, and inland waterways. The decrease in the number of recorded tourist trips was reflected in the shares of individual transport modes in passenger transport. In response to the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, travelers' preferences changed regarding their means of transport. Since mid-2021, tourism has been returning to the path of positive development, noticeable in domestic and foreign travel.

The Role of Socioeconomic Activities towards Improved Livelihoods of Surrounding Households: A Case of Mkokotoni Seaport in Zanzibar

This study specifically assessed the role of socio-economic activities on livelihoods improvement among surrounding households at the Mkokotoni Seaport, North ‘A’ District of Zanzibar. A cross-sectional design was employed to collect data at a single moment in time. The population was 87 households surrounding the Mkokotoni Seaport. Simple random and purposive sampling techniques were used to select the sample of 70 respondents. The study used the mixed approach whereby interviews, focus group discussions as well as surveys were applied as data collection methods. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 24 was applied for analysis. Qualitative data was analyzed descriptively while quantitative data was analyzed based on numerical statistical data. The study concludes that seaport serves as an important transportation hub that facilitates people and goods movement where both processed and non-processed raw materials can easily be transported. Thus, ports are the catalyst for economic development through the commonly practiced socioeconomic activities. Based on the conclusions, it is recommended that the government and other stakeholders should improve and support the key socioeconomic activities commonly practiced at Mkokotoni Seaport. These activities includes; trading, transportation and fishing which support the livelihoods of the surrounding households through assets ownerships.

MAIN PROBLEMS OF BARRIER-FREE STREET AND ROAD ENVIRONMENT IN MODERN CONDITIONS

These research materials consider the main problems of barrier-free street and road environment in modern conditions. The importance of studying the main problems and finding their solutions, relying on regulatory documents in order to create a space without barriers, was considered. The current state of ensuring physical accessibility to infrastructure in cities and settlements is analyzed. It was found that in addition to the lack of accessibility elements, an even bigger problem is their incorrect application. The necessity of designing the street and road environment and its elements, taking into account the needs of low-mobility population groups, has been determined. It is necessary to arrange ramps, handrails, etc. on a large number of streets with complex terrain (slopes, stairs, etc.), installation of sound signals, pointers and tactile elements. As for pedestrian crossings, it is a mandatory requirement to equip them with infrastructure that meets the requirements for people with reduced mobility, namely: ribbed pedestrian crossings, raised crossings, sound traffic lights, etc. In order to ensure the unhindered movement of people with limited mobility to the railway transport at the exit and entrance, platforms and stops must be adapted, that is, have canopies, seats, tactile elements, information boards, etc. Also, pavements and roads should be in good condition, there should be no potholes and high curbs, there should be enough parking spaces to provide parking spaces for personal vehicles of persons with disabilities.

Measurement properties of movement smoothness metrics for upper limb reaching movements in people with moderate to severe subacute stroke

BackgroundMovement smoothness is a potential kinematic biomarker of upper extremity (UE) movement quality and recovery after stroke; however, the measurement properties of available smoothness metrics have been poorly assessed in this group. We aimed to measure the reliability, responsiveness and construct validity of several smoothness metrics.MethodsThis ancillary study of the REM-AVC trial included 31 participants with hemiparesis in the subacute phase of stroke (median time since stroke: 38 days). Assessments performed at inclusion (Day 0, D0) and at the end of a rehabilitation program (Day 30, D30) included the UE Fugl Meyer Assessment (UE-FMA), the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), and 3D motion analysis of the UE during three reach-to-point movements at a self-selected speed to a target located in front at shoulder height and at 90% of arm length. Four smoothness metrics were computed: a frequency domain smoothness metric, spectral arc length metric (SPARC); and three temporal domain smoothness metrics (TDSM): log dimensionless jerk (LDLJ); number of submovements (nSUB); and normalized average rectified jerk (NARJ).ResultsAt D30, large clinical and kinematic improvements were observed. Only SPARC and LDLJ had an excellent reliability (intra-class correlation > 0.9) and a low measurement error (coefficient of variation < 10%). SPARC was responsive to changes in movement straightness (rSpearman=0.64) and to a lesser extent to changes in movement duration (rSpearman=0.51) while TDSM were very responsive to changes in movement duration (rSpearman>0.8) and not to changes in movement straightness (non-significant correlations). Most construct validity hypotheses tested were verified except for TDSM with low correlations with clinical metrics at D0 (rSpearman<0.5), ensuing low predictive validity with clinical metrics at D30 (non-significant correlations).ConclusionsResponsiveness and construct validity of TDSM were hindered by movement duration and/or noise-sensitivity. Based on the present results and concordant literature, we recommend using SPARC rather than TDSM in reaching movements of uncontrolled duration in individuals with spastic paresis after stroke.Trial RegistrationNCT01383512, https://clinicaltrials.gov/, June 27, 2011.

The Illusion of Papuan Independence through Benny Wenda’s Transnational Advocacy Network Strategy during the #FreeWestPapua Campaign in 2020

This research reveals critically rather than using images of modern development and progress on Indigenous Papuans (OAP) who are often demanded to engage in social change by ignoring one's identity. The accumulation of OAP disillusionment that began in the history of the Act of Free Choice continued with the neglect of cultural rights as a reflection of the collective dignity that is still running. This triggered some OAP segments who called themselves independent Papuan groups to choose to garner international support in efforts to secede principles. As done by Benny Wenda as OAP through international forums to encourage the fulfillment of political rights caused by the closed access to the Papuan people's movement in fighting for the issue of Free Papua. He described the resistance of Papuan identity to expand the target domain of its supporter audience. Sporadically through the use of international civil society networks, the authors highlight the advocacy strategies undertaken Transnational Advocacy Network (TAN) through the #PapuanLivesMatter campaign that raised the existence of Benny Wenda in representing Free Papua in the midst of fragmentation that occurred. So the research questions in this study are: What is Benny Wenda's strategy in representing an independent Papua in the midst of fragmentation of separatist groups in Papua? The method for accessing the variables in the theory will be traced based on historical methods that are explained qualitatively.

7 - Exploring COVID-19 Lockdowns in Nigeria, South Africa and Botswana

The coronavirus-19 (Covid-19) pandemic has impacted the world in unprecedented ways. To contain the virus, countries across the world had to implement lockdowns and other Covid-19-related protocols, which included physical distancing, frequent handwashing, wearing masks and restricting the movement of people. Although literature on the impact of Covid-19 is emerging, it is still relatively unknown how countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) dealt with lockdowns. Applying nudge theory to three case studies— Nigeria, South Africa and Botswana—this paper explores the viability of Covid-19 lockdowns in SSA. The three cases shed light on the dynamics of Covid-19 lockdowns across different contexts in SSA. The paper argues that lockdowns were not ideal for regions like SSA, which has one of the world’s poorest populations. Nudging people’s behaviour in an effort to protect them from harm should, we submit, consider their socioeconomic context. More importantly, there is a need to decolonise, adapt and domesticate Western- style interventions like Covid-19 lockdowns to suit different situations. To this end, the paper provides some critical insights into the experience of lockdowns with some policy implications for future pandemics on the African continent and other parts of the global South.

The Aesthetics of Timurid and Safavid Miniatures

This research studies the aesthetics of Timurid and Safavid miniatures in a comparative manner. The first chapter deals with the research problem, its importance, and defining the most important terms used in it. The research problem included the topic of the aesthetics of Timurid and Safavid miniatures in the drawings of both eras through the artistic works produced by Islamic painting schools, where each school has characteristics that distinguished it from the other. The research problem was overcome through the following question: How did the Muslim artist achieve the miniatures aesthetics in manuscripts for both eras?The II chapter, the theoretical framework, includes four sections: the first on the aesthetics of Islamic art, the second on the art of Islamic miniatures, the third on the most important artistic features of painting (the Timurid era), and the fourth of the (Safavid) era. The third chapter included the research procedures, and the fourth chapter included the results and conclusions.The functional treatment of the concept of space designated for Islamic miniatures came according to a fruitful and sincere artistic and functional emotional approach within the relationships of creation that give it a spiritual feeling due to what the elements of construction have of multiple intellectual meanings and connotations, such as transferring the stories and events that were prevalent at that time, to documenting the style of Islamic architecture and the type of clothing worn by Muslims, the moral and social values that appeared through the interpretation of the movements of people in the Islamic miniature, as came in most of the sample models.

Pandemic, Routine Activities, and Graffiti in Belo Horizonte: Has Social Isolation Led to City Saturation?

The COVID-19 pandemic triggered a series of social isolation measures that reduced the movement of people in public spaces. This condition created a natural experiment to test the theory of routine activities and its applicability in the study of graffiti. Continuing the monitoring carried out in the hypercenter of Belo Horizonte since 2011, this study assesses the impacts of restrictions on the movement of people on the amount of graffiti found in that location. It starts from the hypothesis that the social restriction measures reduced the number of capable guardians (surveillance), expanding the opportunities for the practice of graffiti tagging and, consequently, favoring its expansion. A survey of existing graffiti in the hypercenter was carried out in 2022, and its results were compared with previous surveys conducted in the study area in 2011, 2015, 2017, and 2019, allowing the hypothesis to be tested.

Comparative Study of Indonesian and Malaysian Immigration Action Policies Towards Immigration Permit Abuse

The era of globalization, driven by advancements in science and information technology, has created a borderless world, transforming human relationships from national to international, and significantly impacting various aspects of human life. Globalization has promoted the movement of people between countries, including Indonesia and Malaysia, affecting the demographics, economy, culture, and social aspects of both countries. In this context, immigration regulations play a crucial role in controlling the flow of people and reflecting a country's legal sovereignty within its territorial boundaries. This study is a normative juridical research focusing on the analysis and comparison of immigration regulations and policies in Indonesia and Malaysia, using a Statutory and Comparative approach. Indonesian immigration policy, regulated in Law Number 6 of 2011 on Immigration, focuses on controlling the flow of people entering and leaving Indonesian territory to maintain state sovereignty. Meanwhile, Malaysian immigration policy, regulated in Malaysian Law Number 155 of 1959/63 on Immigration, covers crucial aspects such as entry and exit requirements, monitoring of foreigners, and law enforcement related to immigration violations. The immigration action policies of Indonesia and Malaysia towards immigration permit abuse have several similarities and differences. Although both countries have similar policies in handling immigration permit abuse, the implementation and law enforcement may differ depending on the specific context and conditions in each country.

SJCIT Transport Management System

Innovative software developed with great care to maximize transportation inside of educational institution called the SJCIT Transport Management System (TMS). Acting as a single point of contact for all student and faculty transportation-related information, including records, routes, diversions, and more, this system includes sophisticated features like effective database management, user-friendly interfaces, and aesthetically pleasing design elements. Its rapid adaptation minimizes transition times by guaranteeing quick user onboarding. A key instrument in coordinating the smooth movement of people across multiple locations and schedules is the SJCIT TMS, which is centred around the promotion of safe, efficient, dependable, and sustainable transportation practices. Its adaptability makes it possible for it to function seamlessly in both standalone and integrated configurations, which makes it an essential tool for improving transportation management in learning environments

Analysis of the Transportation Infrastructure in Sierra Leone and its Impact on Local Commodities into the Market

Transportation infrastructure plays a crucial role in the economic development and growth of nations, facilitating trade and investment opportunities by enabling the movement of people, services, and goods across markets and regions. However, developing countries such as Sierra Leone face significant challenges in providing suitable transportation infrastructure to support logistics management. Inadequate upkeep, financial constraints, and limited access to technology hinder the development of transportation infrastructure in Sierra Leone. Consequently, logistics management, which involves the planning, implementation, and control of the movement of goods and services, is adversely affected, leading to delayed deliveries, increased costs, and decreased competitiveness in the global market. This study aims to analyze the state of transportation infrastructure in Sierra Leone and its impact on local commodities. To assess the impact of transportation infrastructure on local commodity supply in Sierra Leone, a qualitative approach was employed. The findings from the study reveal that poor transportation infrastructure particularly limited cold storage facilities along transportation routes can lead to the spoilage of perishable goods such as fruits and vegetables. The findings were supported by four important recommendations: investment in road maintenance and expansion, modernisation of port facilities, development of intermodal transportation hubs, and the promotion of public-private partnerships.

Cascading supply chain disruption: impact on water industry during COVID-19

The impact of COVID-19 on the lives of people and businesses across the globe was devastating. While governments across the world had undertaken a slew of measures to control the spread of the COVID-19 virus within their geography, many of these measures had long and unintended consequences. The restrictions imposed by the governments on the movement of people and goods across the world brought supply chains to a grinding halt. This study identifies the cascading effects of supply chain disruptions on the water sector. Since these systems are closely integrated and the impact of COVID-19 needs to be analysed at a much broader level, this study uses a systems-thinking approach to study the effect of supply chain disruptions on water services. The study develops a causal loop model to gain further insight into how supply chain disruptions caused by COVID-19 affected the coping capabilities of society and how critical services were affected.

Geopolitical tensions framing different industries in the European Arctic: aquaculture, forestry, mining, and tourism in question

ABSTRACT Russia’s full-scale war on Ukraine in early 2022 has brought geopolitics, particularly classical geopolitics, back into the political and economic discussions and decision-making. Discursive, as well as real-world change, has been rapid, as the turn of the 21st century was the time of globalisation and neoliberal ideology – the free movement of people, products, and services. However, in this paper, we argue that classical geopolitics has defined the development of Northern industries even before the war began in 2022. Our interview data (n = 60) collected in the advent of the Russian invasion of Ukraine reveal that the themes of state power; ‘hard’ security meaning military armament; the economy as a field of national interests; and spill-over effects of geopolitical tensions between superpowers have framed economic fortunes in the European Arctic. It is concluded that the state actors’ interests in the European Arctic’s physical space and natural assets will be increasingly expanding.