Movement Of People Research Articles

THE RIGHT TO FAMILY LIFE IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION

In the modern world, migration is becoming an increasingly relevant and important topic affecting various spheres of social life. The movement of people across borders of states has global implications, including economic, social, and cultural aspects. Families crossing borders in search of a better life or as a result of actions of state structures often face various legal and practical challenges, including issues of reunification, protection of children's rights and preservation of family unity. The article explores the right to family life in the context of international migration, considering international law. The aim of the article is to identify the significance of international experience for the formation of Kazakhstan's migration policy. The article analyzes the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) and the UN Human Rights Committee. The cases when immigrants appealed for protection of their rights to family life and family reunification before the mentioned bodies are considered, as well as the issues of importance of family relations for immigrants and their rights to family reunification when crossing borders. In addition, family-related terminology such as "family relations", "family reunification" and "family unity" is analyzed. International standards and recommendations are analyzed. The study offers a comprehensive overview of key aspects related to the right to family life in the context of international migration. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of taking into account international experiences and normative instruments when developing legislation and practices on migration and family relations in the country.

Electronic anti-theft protection for vehicles of people with special needs

The article presents an electronic anti-theft protection subsystem that was incorporated into the vehicle control system dedicated to people with special communication needs. The aim of the work was to design and test an electronic subsystem allowing for the acquisition and quick analysis of fingerprint images, checking whether they belong to the vehicle owner and generating a signal allowing the vehicle to be started. The following hypothesis was put forward: it is possible to use artificial intelligence for accurate, automatic classification of fingerprint images acquired in a system with a single-chip microcomputer in order to identify a person. The research niche includes the use of biometrics in electronic anti-theft security adapted to people with special needs. This solution reduces the risk of theft and unauthorized use of special vehicles tailored to the owners' individual needs. The use of a commercial algorithm offered by the sensor manufacturer or the use of artificial neural networks for the classification of fingerprints was considered. The results of research on the accuracy of fingerprint recognition obtained from the developed subsystem are presented. The experiments performed based on the NASNetLarge artificial neural network model confirmed the possibility of achieving recognition accuracy for the test set of 99.99%. Additionally, practical aspects of the applicability of the presented device in an electric vehicle control system supporting the movement of people with physical and/or intellectual disabilities were discussed. The presented solution, after minor modifications, can be used in access security systems for protected rooms, as well as vehicles and military equipment.

A Review Work: Human Action Recognition in Video Surveillance Using Deep Learning Techniques

Despite being extensively used in numerous uses, precise and effective human activity identification continues to be an interesting research issue in the area of vision for computers. Currently, a lot of investigation is being done on themes like pedestrian activity recognition and ways to recognize people's movements employing depth data, 3D skeletal data, still picture data, or strategies that utilize spatiotemporal interest points. This study aims to investigate and evaluate DL approaches for detecting human activity in video. The focus has been on multiple structures for detecting human activities that use DL as their primary strategy. Based on the application, including identifying faces, emotion identification, action identification, and anomaly identification, the human occurrence forecasts are divided into four different subcategories. The literature has been carried several research based on these recognitions for predicting human behavior and activity for video surveillance applications. The state of the art of four different applications' DL techniques is contrasted. This paper also presents the application areas, scientific issues, and potential goals in the field of DL-based human behavior and activity recognition/detection.

К вопросу организации деятельности социального такси

Research that affects the interests of disabled people is very relevant. This statement is due to the fact that such a category of citizens needs a special attitude of society and the state, respectively, state policy in this area should develop rapidly, constantly improving the social protection of disabled people, striving to eliminate all existing barriers in the life of the latter. Within the framework of this article, it is proposed to pay attention to the features of the provision of the social service ‘Social Taxi’. Despite the fact that the introduction of this service makes it easier for disabled people to exercise the right to travel, there are still significant problems that users of this service may face. The main task of the ‘Social Taxi’ is to ensure unhindered movement of disabled people and persons who, for one reason or another, are unable to move independently and need outside help, for example, after a significant injury, to certain places of social significance. The novelty of this study is due to the fact that the topic of the introduction of the ‘Social Taxi’ service has not been sufficiently studied. The author, in order to eliminate the identified problems, proposes the adoption at the federal level of a model regional law ‘On Social Taxi’, which should include all the necessary standards, conditions and procedure for providing, the main tasks.

The Influence of Transportation Infrastructure on Community Economic Improvement in Makassar Island, Baubau City

Makassar Island is an island area in Baubau City, Southeast Sulawesi Province which is included in the Kokalukuna District. It consists of two villages, namely Liwuto Village and Sukanayo Village with a land area of 1.04 km2. In general, 70% of the livelihood of residents on Makassar Island is fishing, seaweed farming, pearl oysters, fish marketing businesses, and crossing services (sea taxis). As an island area, the movement of both goods and people within this region is closely related to the infrastructure of docks and highways. This study aims to analyze the influence of transportation infrastructure in improving the economy of the people on Makassar Island. The analysis methods used in this study are Likert analysis, correlation analysis and simple linear regression analysis. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that transportation infrastructure has a strong relationship with the community's economy. Furthermore, the results of the study are presented in the form of a crosstab between each indicator of the transportation infrastructure variable (X) with the economic variable of the community (Y) on the island.

Analisis Rentabilitas Untuk Mengukur Kinerja Keuangan Pada Koperasi Pegawai Republik Indonesia Universitas Negeri Makassar

A cooperative is a group, in which there is various collaborations exist to achieve common goals. The nature of the cooperative itself is a business, which is based on the principles of the people's economic movement and the principle of kinship. Profitability is an indicator for assessing the financial performance of an organization, in this case the Republic of Indonesia Employee Cooperative, Makassar State University (KPRI UNM). This research aims to determine the level of profitability of KPRI UNM for the five years 2018-2022. Data was obtained from the financial report of KPRI Makassar State University which was analyzed using the calculation formula for economic profitability, own capital profitability, and trend analysis. The research results show that the economic profitability and profitability of the capital owned by KPRI UNM during the five years 2018-2022 are each classified as unhealthy. Trend analysis shows that KPRI UNM during the five years 2018-2022 experienced a tendency to decrease remaining operating results.

Changes in microflora at high concentrations of pets in urban environments: assessment of risk to the environment and human health

Microbiological studies on soil samples from gardens for walking people and pets in two large neighbourhoods of the city of Sofia were carried out. The quantities of microorganisms from main groups, including pathogenic species, were determined with a view to evaluating the epizootological safety of these areas. Especially high were the values of the isolated Gram-negative bacteria (4.33x104 ±1.88 and 2.70x105 ±2.54), of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1.75x104 ±3.03 and 3.00x104 ±4.58), of staphylococci, including pathogenic mannitol-positive species (3.48x106 ±2.99 and 4.95 x106 ±3.96), as well as of the fungi. Oval fungi (5.50x104 ±3.77 and 1.55x105 ±1.12) and the causative agents of dermatomycosis tinea or ringworm (2.75x104 ±1.92 and 7.60x104 ±3.72) were present in significant quantities. However, the important sanitary indicative bacteria E. coli and C. perfringens were below the detectable minimum. It was found that in the area with greater movement of people and animals, the amounts of microorganisms from all the studied groups were higher. The results obtained show that urban areas with high traffic from pets and their owners can be a source of infection for animals and humans.

Internal Migration in Nepal: Resilience to Departure and Host Area

The present study aims to explain the current situation of internal migration and resilience. It is based on secondary sources of information. Mixed method is used to depict the complex scenario of inter-regional migration. Internal migration is a common phenomenon in Nepalese social history. It is generally attributed to poverty, low income, scarce fertile land, lack of opportunity, disparity of population distribution and resources. The unnatural flow of population from hilly to Tarai and rural to urban areas is an issue of study. Migration creates an unprecedented challenge to modern society. The resilience of society either to the host area or the place of departure being painful. The issue of mobility of the people generates disparities of population distribution and resources. Due to uncontrolled movement of people either temporarily or permanently, balanced social and cultural issues are being destroyed and several complexities are emerging. Ancient migration pattern was guided by the scarcity of food and security. Current migration issues are governed by the luxuries of life. Over pressure of population in Tarai and urban areas and dearth of people in hilly region creates havoc in life of both the places.

People – the forgotten chapter? From the EU’s neighbourhood policy to post-Brexit Ireland (north and south) – and lasting damage to the integrative capacity of the EU Internal Market project

Following distorted perceptions of the role of people movement in the European Union (EU), the Trade and Cooperation Agreement between the EU and the United Kingdom does not enable people movement to the same extent as other Association Agreements between the EU and its other neighbouring states. Even the much discussed Ireland/Northern Ireland Protocol (also Windsor Framework) largely ignores people movement, whose protection on the island of Ireland remains weak as a result. This note argues that forgetting the people matters, not only on grounds of the principles, but also for practical relations on the island of Ireland. The island of Ireland accordingly presents an astute case-study for the inherent problems of economic relationships between states which deprioritise person movements. It will start with summarising the principled relevance of free movement of persons, contextualise the state of affairs on the island of Ireland with the EU’s general approach to trade agreements beyond and within its neighbourhood, highlight the complexity of the state of affairs and illustrate its shortcomings through two current examples.

Modeling the Interactive Patterns of International Migration Network through a Reverse Gravity Approach

The international migration network, comprising the movements of people between countries, is one of the most important global systems of interaction, which can reflect the complex international relations of economics, cultures, and politics and has huge impacts on global sustainability. However, the conventional gravity model cannot model its complicated interactions accurately. In this article, we propose a novel reverse gravity model using genetic algorithm to reconstruct the complicated interaction patterns with high accuracy. To verify the feasibility of our method, it was applied to a series of international migration networks. We found that the derived node attractions were highly correlated with socioeconomic factors and network metrics, and the calculated node positions outperformed the geometric centers from the perspective of human migration that related to economy and demography. Our approach could be a preferred choice to investigate the spatial–temporal interactive patterns in geographical space, facilitating comprehension of the mechanisms underlying their generation and evolution.

Outbreak Over Monkey Pox Virus in Human: Immediate Countermeasures from the Endemic to Non-Endemic Regions

A zoonotic orthopoxvirus called human monkeypox has symptoms that resemble smallpox. When people come into contact with diseased animals, they may unintentionally contract monkeypox. According to reports, the virus can also spread through close physical contact, such as skin-to-skin contact or sexual contact, respiratory droplets, and by household items like towels and blankets. There are numerous medical countermeasures on hand for orthopoxviruses like monkeypox. Monkeypox, which originated in western and central Africa, has lately been found in a integer of nations, counting Spain, Canada, Australia, and the United Arab Emirates. Despite its extremely low incidence rate, it nonetheless poses a serious concern that needs to be addressed as soon as possible because of the strong likelihood that it will spread to many other nations. Outside of endemic areas, the danger of monkeypox transmission in medical settings is not well known. One recorded instance of transmission was found after a quick assessment of the literature from 2000 to 2022, which also included cases outside of areas where monkeypox is endemic. It is unusual for monkeypox to recur in non-endemic nations. It is a zoonosis that can extend from animal to human and from human to human, and it has clinical characteristics comparable to smallpox. The latest outbreaks may be attributed to lowered resistance to the orthopoxviruses, movement of people from widespread to non-endemic areas, hereditary alterations in the viral genome, and diminished observation. Transmission and pathogenicity could be avoided with the use of a multifaceted strategy that includes health education, monitoring human mobility, the development of diagnostic tools, and an efficient vaccination.
 Keywords: Monkeypox, Outbreak, Orthopoxvirus, Epidemiology, Vaccination, Virology, Public health, Preventive measures

Environmental Migrant of Central Asia: Problem of Status Identification

At the present stage, the process of “environmental migration” is marked by high intensity and is manifested in the escalation of cases of internal movements over external ones. The dynamics of this phenomenon are of particular importance for regions most susceptible to climate change, which is associated with several socio-economic problems. Such regions include Central Asia, due to the impact of negative environmental factors and a combination of socio-economic difficulties. The article examines the status of “environmental migrant” and the criteria for identifying migrants of this category in the Central Asian region. To achieve this goal, the developed approaches to the definitions of “environmental migration” and “environmental migrant” in the Central Asian region are analyzed. The authors determined the presence of similar natural and anthropogenic factors that caused the movement of people. In conclusion, the study offers recommendations for adjusting the criteria for identifying an environmental migrant at the regional level based on the manifestations of permanent and sudden natural disasters that are identical to Central Asia.

Development of digital financial instruments and their use in the activities of entities of the pharmaceutical industry of Ukraine


 
 
 The pharmaceutical industry of Ukraine is an important component of its economy and the health of its population. At all stages of its development, it was and remains the centre of innovations, where the scientific and technological potential of the region is concentrated.
 Theoretical and practical aspects of the development of innovative digital financial instruments and financial support were investigated and on their basis the activities of enterprises of the pharmaceutical industry in the conditions of the digital economy and electronic commerce as the most perspective segment of the modern market in the conditions of restrictions on direct contacts and the movement of people due to measures to combat the pandemic have been studied, military actions and security of people have been studied. It was determined that financial instruments can be conditionally divided into traditional and digital. They have similar content, functions, and features, however, they have different spheres of manifestation, advantages, disadvantages, and risks. At the same time, the implementation of digital financial instruments allows to significantly save the time of entrepreneurs and customers or services; it also saves cash; simplifies administration and, as a result, it increases the profitability of enterprises, in particular, the pharmaceutical industry.
 The study shows wide opportunities for the development and application of embedded finance in the pharmaceutical sphere with the aim of increasing business profitability by saving time, premises and other means of providing and implementing financial activities; and economic benefits to consumers and partners; optimization of business processes and management of activities in general; promotion of innovation, investment and integration processes.
 
 

Indonesia’s Responsibility as a Non-Party to the 1951 Convention and 1967 Protocol on the Status of Refugees in its Protection

Under ordinary circumstances, someone who enters other countries shall be provided with travel documents and required visa as entry permit. On the other hand, if they enter to the territory of another country because of feeling well-founded fear, such as their safety are threatened; and the country of their origin occurs social unrest or war. Therefore, the person may not have complete travel documents and visas. Movement of people who want to enjoy the protection of another country because they feel unsafe in their own country can be filed a request for refugee status. International refugee problem (Refugee) has existed since 1921, the prior international community responded to such events to the preparation of the 1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol on the Status of Refugee. Nowadays, many countries have ratified them. In both these legal instruments, these contained provisions on international protection standards to international refugees for the states parties. For the countries that are not a party to the Convention and the Protocol, such as the Indonesian state, is not bound to the provisions of these legal instruments. Indonesia as well as other countries that have not ratified, then they have only a moral obligation or humanitarian responsibility. Based on the principle of humanity in the entire country, although they have not yet ratified, there is no a reason to refuse in protecting the refugees.

Between Smart Images and Fast Trucks: Digital Surveillance and Obscured Labour in Hyderabad, India

In Hyderabad, India, the growing information technology (IT) sector relies on ensuring safe and efficient movements of people and objects, and the city government and private actors have embraced the promise of digital surveillance to reach these goals. The new Telangana State, created in 2014, has built a new city-wide network of smart cameras, and at ‘hackathons’ programmers develop new digital tools, often connected to this network, that will technologically ‘solve’ social problems. In this article, I examine the system of CCTV cameras and programmers’ investments in these systems, and explore how migrant Vaddera stonecutters use cellphones to evade patrolling officers monitoring the streets where they carry the granite stones that they cut and load to construct the city’s buildings. Expanding on what Gilbert Simondon calls ‘the margin of indeterminacy’, this article reveals gaps in the digital infrastructure of surveillance—even as its integration and completion combine human and technical elements.

CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE HISTORY OF THE JEWS IN THE HISTORIOGRAPHIC PROCESS OF SOUTHERN UKRAINE AT THE END OF THE 19TH - BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY

The purpose of this article is to study the process of conceptualizing the history of Jews in the historiographical process of southern Ukraine at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries. The use of these principles is complemented by a number of special historical methods, in particular: search-specific, cognitive, prosopographic, historical-geographical, problem-chronological, historical-statistical, historical-systemic, structural-functional, comparative and descriptive. Within the framework of the basic methodological principles, such scientific principles as analysis, synthesis, analogy, abstraction and others were applied in the work, which made it possible to fully disclose the chosen topic in a consistent, logical and complete form. To establish the peculiarities of historical views, the works of historians are traditionally an irreplaceable source. They have all the characteristics of a historiographical source: subjectivity, specificity of the author’s style, determined by the circumstances of the time and place of writing and publication, etc. Another group of sources are reviews of these works by contemporaries, which allow them to be included in the historiographical context. Memoir sources, and these are primarily the well-known memories of S. M. Dubnov, in which an introspection of his residence in Odessa is separately carried out, allow one to delve deeper into the circumstances that led to the genesis of the conceptual views of Jewish historians on the past of their people. At the end of the 19th – at the beginning of the 20th century, in the territory of southern Ukraine, the works of several Jewish historians were published. The purpose of these works was to outline the main conceptual foundations of Jewish history. Although these works were not perfect from the point of view of modern historiography, they laid the foundation for the formation of Judaism as a scientific discipline in Eastern Europe, and, in particular, in Ukraine. The appearance of these works was determined by the general development of national movements in the world at that time, in particular, the movement of the Jewish people for self-assertion in the unfavorable conditions of the Russian-imperial policy. The main merit of the authors was that they gave Jewish history and historiography a secular, analytical, and scientific context. The process of conceptualization led to a clearer formulation of the conceptual apparatus, goal and tasks of Jewish historiography and brought it to the level of Judaica as a scientific discipline.

Observing inclusivity in a crowded London underground station using service design methods

Accessibility is a considerable and growing issue in the design of many public buildings and vital infrastructure. This research study uses video diaries to explore how service design methods were used to observe user experiences of inclusivity within a crowded island platform station at Canary Wharf station during a November evening rush hour. Auto-ethnography is discussed as part of a broader methodological debate about how to explore and consider inclusive design issues from a user's perspective, and in the context of empathetic design. The study concludes that this method of enquiry is appropriate to investigate the movement of people within crowded underground stations and, identifies actionable insights into how spatial factors and congestion impact the mobility requirements of station users.

Covid-19 impact on future study choices: Will students consider a tourism qualification post the pandemic?

The Covid-19 pandemic devastated various industries, with the tourism sector suffering the most. The tourism industry, which relies mainly on the movement of people, was interrupted for several months as governments instituted restrictions and regulations to prevent further spread of the virus. These restrictions put the industry at a standstill, putting much strain on the economy. With businesses closing, many people became unemployed, and those who remained had their salaries and wages reduced. The high unemployment rate in the country, worsened by Covid-19 and other external forces, presented challenges to exit-level tourism students. The current study investigated the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the future of studying towards a tourism management qualification. A qualitative research approach was adopted where the exit-level tourism students at a university of technology were purposively selected to participate in semi-structured interviews. Thematic and constant comparative analysis methods were used to analyse the emerging themes and compare the responses from the participants. The study revealed mixed feelings about the tourism management course. While others regretted enrolling to the tourism program, some remained optimistic that the industry would reopen and recover and present better opportunities for them. Prospective tourism industry staff, particularly tourism management students, have become uncertain about the likelihood of getting job opportunities in the industry. This raises a question about how the pandemic has influenced the future of studying tourism management in higher learning institutions. The study contributes to the understudied phenomenon of the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on influencing future enrolments in tourism courses.

The backlash against free movement: Does EU‐internal migration fuel public concerns about immigration?

AbstractThe free movement of people is a fundamental principle of the European Union (EU) that has led to an increase in EU‐internal migration. This study investigates the impact of increased immigration to Germany resulting from the 2004 and 2007 eastern enlargement of the EU on concerns about immigration within the German population. By merging 20 years of annual migration statistics with panel data on individual attitudes and exploiting exogenous variation in the gradual enlargement of the free movement policy, we examine the causal effects of EU‐internal migration on immigration concerns. Our findings suggest that the influx of immigrants from new member states did not have a clear average effect on concerns about immigration, but increased concerns among German natives with materialist‐survival values. The study provides insights into the societal division caused by opposition to immigration as part of the European integration process.

Agrotourism: A Catalyst for Rural Revitalization and Sustainable Tourism in Nigeria

Agrotourism in Nigeria has shown to be a workable strategy for both rural rehabilitation and sustainable tourism expansion. This study examines how agrotourism might support environmentally conscious travel practices and assist rural communities in addressing socio-economic challenges. Using empirical data and previous research, the paper examines the key components of agrotourism in the Nigerian setting, including farm stays, agritourism activities, and culinary tourism. The report emphasizes how important agrotourism is to diversifying the rural economy, generating jobs, and enhancing residents' quality of life. Agrotourism projects can raise rural incomes, lower poverty, and stop the movement of people from rural to urban areas by utilizing Nigeria's rich agricultural legacy and cultural variety. Agrotourism also encourages community involvement, cultural interaction, and the preservation of customs, all of which support rural communities' sustainable development.