Psychology Movement Research Articles

Resilience and Disability: Consideration and Integration of Resilience Training in Undergraduate Rehabilitation Service Programs

Resilience is a topic of growing interest with significant momentum generated by the Positive Psychology Movement. While resilience has been discussed at the graduate level and beyond, few articles seem to openly discuss how it is addressed as a part of undergraduate rehabilitation service programs. Discussion and careful consideration is needed as many undergraduates work in direct services. This article is designed to help rehabilitation educators and professionals understand the application and value of resilience and resilience-based skills as a part of the undergraduate rehabilitation curriculum. Article content addresses resilience, benefits of resilience, resilience-based factors, and the applicability of resilience to professionals and to the people they serve. Suggestions are provided to illustrate ways undergraduate programs can integrate resilience into their curriculum.

Perceived organisational support and well-being: The role of psychological capital as a mediator

Orientation: Today’s competitive work environment requires organisations and employees to successfully cope with challenges to maintain healthy levels of well-being. It is, therefore, imperative to investigate which organisational and psychological factors contribute to well-being in employees.Research purpose: This study served to analyse whether psychological capital (PsyCap) mediates the relationship between perceived organisational support (POS) and well-being.Motivation for the study: In light of the positive psychology movement, this study aimed to investigate how positive constructs actively contribute to employee well-being. Knowledge of organisational and psychological factors that enhance well-being in employees will be of great benefit to organisations that aim to create positivity in the workplace in order to avoid the negative consequences of work-related stress and a toxic work environment.Research approach/design and method: A cross-sectional, non-experimental design, applying convenience and snowball sampling, was used to recruit 159 South African employees who completed an online survey that assessed the constructs under investigation.Main findings: It was found that POS, PsyCap and well-being are positively correlated to one another. Moreover, hierarchical regression analyses revealed that PsyCap fully mediates the relationship between POS and well-being.Practical/managerial implications: These findings imply that organisations should be committed to target their employees’ PsyCap to enhance well-being in their workforce.Contribution/value-add: The findings show that it is not sufficient just to provide organisational support to enhance well-being. Organisations also need to acknowledge the important role of their employees’ PsyCap to ensure that they are well equipped to deal with challenges in the workplace while maintaining healthy levels of well-being.

Accentuating the positive

PurposeThe positive psychology movement suggests organisational behaviourists should accentuate the positive by increasing the attention paid to the enhancement of employee wellness. This fits comfortably with the ethos of human resource management which is rooted in notions of social exchange, reciprocity and mutual gain. The purpose of this paper is to inject some positivity into HRM research by examining the mediating role of positive emotions in the HRM–performance relationship.Design/methodology/approachTo examine the role played by positive emotions in the relationship between HRM and citizenship behaviours, the authors surveyed a sample of 250 employees from 14 organisations in New Zealand service industries. Sobel and bootstrapping tests were used to examine the mediation model.FindingsResults show positive emotional states, both personal and job-related, to positively and partially mediate the HRM–contextual performance relationship.Research limitations/implicationsTheoretically, this finding opens up HRM’s black box affording support for the inclusion of a wider range of psychological states than those presently studied.Practical implicationsSupport is provided for HRM approaches which are more progressive than remedial in nature.Originality/valueEmotions are malleable and this study suggests that fostering positive emotional states might hold the key to performance, unlocking desirable employee behaviours.

POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY: PERSONALITIES, MAJOR ISSUES, ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

Since the beginning of the emergence of Psychology flow (the flow of behaviourism), seen as a man filled with mechanical problems. This flow then sees the problem that exists in humans, not to mention with the view of psychoanalysis who viewed the memories of the past as the cause of suffering that exists today. That's why psychology that deals with the problem often referred to as negative psychology, because in its more to the negative side of human pathological. Psychology meant only limited offer of therapy over psychiatric problems. In fact, humans do not just want to be free of the problem, but also crave happiness. Martin Seligman, a psychologist expert study of optimism, pioneered a revolution in psychology through the positive psychology movement. Positive psychology positive emotions associated with the excavation, such as happy, kindness, humour, love, optimistic, kind, and so on. Positive psychology is not intended to replace or eliminate suffering, disadvantage or disruption (soul), but rather to add to the Treasury or to enrich, as well as to understand scientifically about the human experience.

Wild Animation: From the Looney Tunes to Bojack Horseman in Cartoon Los Angeles

In this paper, I trace themes of the animetaphor. I interpret Akira Mizuta Lippit’s term as a moving image of the re-membered animal that projects a collective anxiety of oblivion for all animals, including humans. I begin with an exploration of this theme with respect to early cinema and the philosophical and psychological movements that accompany it. I then investigate more contemporary examples of these models in three case studies—Chuck Jones’ characters in the Looney Tunes, the movie Who Framed Roger Rabbit, and the Netflix series BoJack Horseman—to explore the imagined city of Los Angeles as a cartography of animal ghosts, invented and reinvented as semiotic machines, which force us to look at animals as ourselves and at ourselves as animals. Mechanisms of mass cultural memory are at work in the cinematic history of Los Angeles, and animation is often a projection of those memories. The link between psychoanalysis, the emergence of cinema, and modernism during the early part of the twentieth century serves as the philosophical-aesthetic background for my approach to social and artistic themes that haunt cinematic and real space in Los Angeles through the movement of animated animals. I argue that the fascination with animal movement of early cinema and cartoon animation suggest a particular function of cinema, and even more so cartoon animation, to remind us of repressed sensations and images from our collective unconscious.

The Rhetoric of Humanistic Education

Humanistic educators perceive their education to be clearly distinguishable from other types, yet they do not seem to substantiate their claims by extended statements of educational theory. The article examines some of the statements made by humanistic education writers basing the critique on both style and content. The first section of the paper attempts briefly to locate humanistic education in the context of reformist movements in education and psychology. The second section considers the self-explanation of the movement and attempts to divine assumptions that underlies the various justifications presented

Does the effect of enjoyment outweigh that of anxiety in foreign language performance?

Interest in the effect of positive and negative emotions in foreign language acquisition has soared recently because of the positive psychology movement (Dewaele & MacIntyre, 2014, 2016; MacIntyre, Gregersen & Mercer, 2016). No work so far has been carried out on the differential effect of positive and negative emotions on foreign language performance. The current study investigates the effect of foreign language enjoyment (FLE) and foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA) on foreign language performance in a group of 189 foreign language pupils in two London secondary schools and a group of 152 Saudi English as a foreign language learners and users of English in Saudi Arabia. Correlation analyses showed that the positive effect of FLE on performance was stronger than the negative effect of FLCA. In other words, FLE seems to matter slightly more than FLCA in foreign language (FL) performance. Qualitative material collected from the Saudi participants shed light on the causes of FLCA and FLE and how these shaped participants’ decisions to pursue or abandon the study of the FL.

Editorial

This is the first special issue devoted specifically to emotions in second language acquisition (SLA). Influenced by the positive psychology movement (Fredrickson, 2001), there has been a shift away from an exclusive focus on negative emotions in SLA to a more holistic analysis of both negative and positive emotions among learners (Dewaele & MacIntyre, 2014; MacIntyre & Gregersen, 2012; MacIntyre, Gregersen, & Mercer, 2016; MacIntyre & Mercer, 2014). We are not claiming that nobody had considered positive emotions and affect in SLA before 2012, as indeed many researchers prepared the ground (e.g., Arnold, 1999; Broner & Tarone, 2001; Cook, 2000; Dewaele, 2005; Kramsch, 2006). Moreover, educational psychologists did point to the pivotal role of positive academic emotions that sustain motivation (Pekrun, 1988, 2014; Pekrun, Goetz, Titz, & Perry, 2002a, 2002b). However, none of the SLA studies created the kind of wave of interest in emotions in SLA that we are currently witnessing. It is possible that now the time is ripe, as the success of the biennial Psychology of Language Learning conferences illustrates, as well as the establishment of the new International Association of Psychology of Language Learning during the second conference in Finland in 2016.

Evangelism Through Happiness? A Case Study in Innovative “Pre-Evangelism” with Contemporary uk “Post-Christians”

Abstract The nature of evangelism in “post-Christian” societies, especially in the secularizing west is a problematized and contested area. A field research case study is presented by the author who was also the facilitator of an innovative pre-evangelism resource entitled The Happiness Lab which was the subject of the research. A small group of “post-Christians” in the United Kingdom was gathered to pilot the course which taught practices associated with increasing happiness from the positive psychology movement. Survey data, participant observation and semi-structured interviews create triangulated data which is analyzed to show the effectiveness of the course in increasing in small ways the happiness levels of the participants. The question of how the course is defined and offered ethically as pre-evangelism is examined. Critical reflection on the data is presented utilizing secularization and post-secular theory alongside theological categories such as imago Dei, incarnation and conversion. “Anticipatory evangelism” is suggested as an alternative nomenclature.1

Resilience: Its Nature and Significance (A Theoretical Overview)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.32444/IJSW.2018.79.1.5-30 The Positive Psychology movement has turned the focus on the strengths that people bring to deal with trauma and crisis. The concept of resilience has assumed increasing significance in this regard and looks at how people withstand the effects of adversity and return to a state of normalcy. The understanding of resilience has been approached from several disciplinary perspectives resulting in a plethora of definitions and explanations. It has been regarded as a personality attribute by some and a contextual disposition by others. This theoretical overview adopts a historical approach and seeks to consolidate and synthesise key points in the understanding of resilience. It examines the multi-faceted nature of resilience and other related concepts as detailed in the extant literature. Characteristics of resilient people and its importance in coping have also been discussed. The bio-psychosocial nature of resilience is explored in this article with reference to the ecosystems perspective. The concluding section briefly outlines implications for intervention .

Digital Activism for Social Causes: Understanding Clicktivism and Substantive Actions

Successful fundraising is one of the main challenges for charities and non-profit organizations. At the same time, the widespread adoption and proliferation of social media (such as Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube) and crowdfunding platforms (such as GoFundMe and Indiegogo) put forward novel opportunities to these organizations. Our research builds upon theories from social psychology and social movement to develop a model for explaining and predicting social media users’ engagement in symbolic online action (i.e. clicktivism) as well as substantive action (e.g., donating money or time) in support of a social cause. Using data from 4,539 crowdfunding campaigns, this short paper also reports on a preliminary exploration of symbolic and substantive actions on a donation-based crowdfunding platform. The outcomes of this research will inform charities and non-profit organizations in developing more effective digital communication and grassroots fundraising strategies.

Does Situationism Threaten Free Will and Moral Responsibility?

The situationist movement in social psychology has caused a considerable stir in philosophy. Much of this was prompted by the work of Gilbert Harman and John Doris. Both contended that familiar philosophical assumptions about the role of character in the explanation of action were not supported by experimental results. Most of the ensuing philosophical controversy has focused upon issues related to moral psychology and ethical theory. More recently, the influence of situationism has also given rise to questions regarding free will and moral responsibility. There is cause for concern that a range of situationist findings are in tension with the reasons-responsiveness putatively required for free will and moral responsibility. We develop and defend a response to the alleged situationist threat to free will and moral responsibility that we call pessimistic realism. We conclude on an optimistic note, exploring the possibility of strengthening our agency in the face of situational influences.

Organizational Virtuousness and Work Engagement: Mediating Role of Happiness in India

The Problem The positive psychology movement has led to an increased attention in organizational virtuousness, engagement, and happiness. Though attention has been devoted to studying the relationship between organizational virtuousness and performance, there is limited research that explores the relationship between employees’ perception of organizational virtuousness and work engagement. The Solution A cross-sectional survey was carried out on a sample of knowledge workers from diverse Indian industries. The findings of the study showed that the employees’ perception of organizational virtuousness predicts work engagement not only directly but also indirectly through happiness. The Stakeholders Managers can nurture organizational virtuousness in organizations to enhance employee happiness and promote a more engaged workforce. Considering the findings of the study, Human Resource Development (HRD) professionals should make the best use of their human capital by fostering positive psychological states such as work engagement.

Philanthropy, markets, and Islamic financial institutions: a new paradigm

PurposeThere is no consensus among the experts that welfare can be increased through philanthropy or market is sufficient for the achievement of targeted level of welfare. It is still a main quest that giving visible good to one known fellow is better or market ethos have more positive impact on the society where we have needs of thousands of unknown. Markets, in Hayek’s view, are superior to philanthropy – economically, ethically and epistemologically – because they “confer benefits beyond the range of our concrete knowledge” (Hayek 1988, p. 81) and thus provide “a greater benefit to the community than most direct ‘altruistic’ action”. The same can be expected from the ethical and moral financial institutions having the objective not to only increase their profit but also equally trying to serve the community and society. This paper aims to propose a constructive model in which markets, philanthropy and financial institutions work together to enhance welfare, human freedom, flourishing and voluntary social cooperation.Design/methodology/approachThis paper examines the conceptual dualisms through which commerce – philanthropy relationship (e.g. modern versus Islamic socialism) and the historical–philosophical context in which they were formulated. This helps integrate philanthropy into Hayek’s theory of economic and social order through financial institutions.FindingsThis paper explores the foundations of an Islamic view of philanthropic action. This discussion is inspired by the emerging literature of positive psychology and double movement of Polanyi (2001).Research limitations/implicationsProper data are not available for the Islamic countries.Practical implicationsWithout abandoning Hayek’s theory of markets, this study sketches a view of commercial society in which markets and philanthropy (“voluntary giving and association that serves to promote human flourishing”) work together to enhance welfare human freedom, flourishing and voluntary social cooperation under the umbrella of Islam and also explores the different dimensions that how Islamic financial intuitions are becoming the instrument for the incremental change of this integration.Social implicationsThis study guides the policy makers that how social and economic welfare can be increased through the interaction of Islamic financial institutions and philanthropy.Originality/valueThis is an original attempt.

Emotional health: on the applicability of affective science to the integration of clinical psychology

The aim of the article is to outline the concept of emotional health and its integrative potential in the field of clinical psychology. It is a well-known fact that the transdiagnostic approach and psychotherapy integration – the two most influential integrative movements in clinical psychology – search for a sound conceptual foundation of the efforts to organize a plethora of theories and data relating to the psychological aspects of physical and mental health. Following a short presentation of general discrepancies afflicting clinical psychology and the main ideas of both the transdiagnostic approach and psychotherapy integration, the notion of emotional health is introduced and its unifying convenience, as well as limitations, is discussed.

批判心理学とは何か : 現代批判心理学運動と日本における可能性( 批判心理学の可能性)

批判心理学とは何か : 現代批判心理学運動と日本における可能性( 批判心理学の可能性)

The dynamic interactions in foreign language classroom anxiety and foreign language enjoyment of pupils aged 12 to 18. A pseudo-longitudinal investigation

The combined effect of positive and negative emotions in Second Language Acquisition (SLA) has attracted the attention of researchers influenced by the Positive Psychology movement (Dewaele & MacIntyre, 2014; 2016a). The current study is based on a pseudo-longitudinal design to investigate how the positive and negative emotions of 189 foreign language pupils in two London schools evolved over time. A comparison of the mean values of Foreign Language Enjoyment (FLE) and Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety (FLCA) among 12-13 year olds (age group 1), 14-15 year olds (age group 2) and 16-18 year olds (age group 3) showed little variation in FLCA and a slight increase in FLE. Multiple regression analyses revealed that fewer independent variables (learner-internal and teacher-centred variables) predicted FLE and FLCA at the start and at the end of the secondary education compared to the middle phase. These findings suggest that the causes of positive and negative emotions are dynamic and change over time. Moreover, the nature of the relationships changes.

The Evolving Islam and Psychology Movement

Abstract. Since the late 1970s there has been a growing awareness in academic literature, and particularly among Muslim psychologists, of the relationship between Islam and psychology. Indicated by almost 40 years of publications and debates, this progression of interest has pointed toward the potential establishment of an Islam and psychology movement within the landscape of psychological sciences. We provide a narrative review that outlines the constitutive elements and appraises the current state of the field. Attention is given to the predominantly-involved professionals, academics, and associations; as well as to the definition of its subject matter and conceptual approaches. We conclude by summarizing current opinions on how the movement may successfully evolve.

Broadening Our Understanding of Evidence-Based Practice: Effective and Discredited Interventions

The proliferation of unsubstantiated or discredited interventions underscores the importance of the evidence-based practice (EBP) movement in school psychology. Although researchers have conducted several surveys on discredited interventions in counseling and clinical psychology, no studies have investigated the use of these treatments in school psychology. This survey presented Florida Association of School Psychologist members with three categories of treatment: discredited treatments, treatments with mixed research results, and evidence-based treatments. Participants were asked to rate (1) the likelihood that they would recommend an intervention and (2) an intervention’s level of research support. Participants demonstrated unfamiliarity with discredited treatments, overestimated the research support for ineffective techniques, and expressed a desire to learn about discredited interventions through training and professional development opportunities. Training implications for school psychology programs are discussed.

Reading Comprehension is Embodied: Theoretical and Practical Considerations

In this review, I advance the embodied cognition movement in cognitive psychology as both a challenge and an invitation for the study of reading comprehension. Embodied cognition challenges theories which assume that mental operations are based in a common, abstract, amodal code of propositions and schemata. Based on growing research in behavioral and neuroscience, embodied cognition proposes that all cognitive activity is based in sensorimotor activity, opening exciting new vistas for research and practice. Exemplary embodied theories are summarized and compared including those of Glenberg, Barsalou, Lakoff and Johnson, Paivio, and others. Exemplary embodied educational applications to reading comprehension are reviewed. I propose that much reading comprehension research that cites an abstract theoretical basis is actually more consistent with the embodied perspective.