Building Movement Research Articles

Green retrofitting of educational complex

Objectives: To carryout green audit in existing educational complex and provide suggestions for green retrofitting using IGBC rating system. Methods/Analysis: The green building movement has gained tremendous momentum during the past 3-4 years. The present building stock is substantively huge and denotes one of the largest chances to decrease energy waste and control air contamination and worldwide warming. This paper presents detailed green audit carried out for an existing educational complex along with the recommendation for Green Retrofitting of the building. The parameters considered are site and facility management, Energy consumption, Water consumption, indoor environmental quality and Innovation. The data has been collected for the green retrofitting of existing educational complex and the measures and cost analysis has been carried out for implementation of suggested measures for the green retrofitting. Also the payback period of the investments has been calculated. The green building rating as per IGBC rating system has been evaluated for the educational building considering its present status and also after implementation of suggestions for green retrofitting for the building. Findings: The building gains 35 points at present and 76 points after implementation of suggested measures for green retrofitting. Payback period for energy retrofitting is in the range of 3 to 5 years. Applications/Improvement: Green retrofitting of the considered building will have benefits for the owner as well as users in the form of more comfortable and hygienic environment. The exercise carried out in this work can be applied to any other existing buildings to achieve green certification. The present work will serve as basis for implementation of ‘Green Retrofitting’ to existing buildings wherein the findings of this work will motivate stakeholders to carryout Green Retrofitting. Keywords: Energy Efficiency, Green Building, Performance, Retrofitting, Sustainability

MONITORING OF HORIZONTAL MOVEMENTS OF HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS AND TOWER TRANSMITTERS BY MEANS OF GROUND-BASED INTERFEROMETRIC RADAR

Abstract. The paper describes possibilities of the relatively new technics – ground based radar interferometry for precise determining of deformation of structures. Special focus on the horizontal movements of high-rise buildings and on the tower transmitters is presented. The technology of ground based radar interferometry can be used in practice to the contactless determination of deformations of such structures with accuracy up to 0.01 mm in real time. It is also possible to capture oscillations of the object with a frequency up to 50 Hz in real time. Deformations can be determined simultaneously in multiple places of the object, for example in the case of high-rise buildings it is possible to monitor the horizontal vibration of the whole object at its different height levels intervals of one or more meters. It is possible to detect and determine the compound oscillations that occur in some types of such buildings. This allows to obtain both overall and detailed information about the properties of the structure during its dynamic load e.g. by wind. Then prevent any damage or even disasters in these objects. In addition to the necessary theory basic principles of using radar interferometry for determining of deformation of structures are given. Practical examples of determining of horizontal movements of high-rise building and tower transmitter are also given. The IBIS-S interferometric radar of the Italian IDS manufacturer was used for the measurements.

SIMULATING THE IMPACTS OF INDOOR VERTICAL FLOW CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS ON HVAC PERFORMANCE USING eQUEST AT HAMPSHIRE COLLEGE'S R. W. KERN CENTER

INTRODUCTION Hampshire College, in Amherst, Massachusetts, is taking part in the green building movement with the construction of the R. W. Kern Center, which opened in the spring of 2016. The building was certified to meet the Living Building Challenge in spring 2018 and has satisfied building standards such as Net Zero energy and water. To meet these standards, the design of the building employs solar photovoltaic panels, a rain water catchment and purification system, a greywater treatment system, storm water infiltration rain gardens, composting toilets, and control monitoring systems to make the building more efficient and decrease its harmful impacts on the environment. The greywater treatment system utilizes both indoor vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCW) and an outdoor horizontal flow constructed wetland (HFCW) to filter greywater effluent from sinks and a coffee bar, meeting the requirement to treat and handle all wastewater generated on site. Although the VFCW system performance has been shown to be effective in exterior environments (Sklarz et al., 2009), its use inside a building requires scrutiny to verify that the adoption of this system does not affect the operation of essential building systems. The green systems that the Kern Center and others like it are employing may have impacts on the building's environment, construction and operation. These modifications must be monitored, and their effects quantified. The alteration of the thermal and air quality characteristics of the interior building has a significant effect on occupant health and the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) energy on consumption. Several studies have investigated the benefits of indoor plants for air filtration or for exterior greywater filtration.

Building Evidence for Health: Green Buildings, Current Science, and Future Challenges.

Civilizational challenges have questioned the status quo of energy and material consumption by humans. From the built environment perspective, a response to these challenges was the creation of green buildings. Although the revolutionary capacity of the green building movement has elevated the expectations of new commercial construction, its rate of implementation has secluded the majority of the population from its benefits. Beyond reductions in energy usage and increases in market value, the main strength of green buildings may be the procurement of healthier building environments. Further pursuing the right to healthy indoor environments could help the green building movement to attain its full potential as a transformational public health tool. On the basis of 40 years of research on indoor environmental quality, we present a summary of nine environment elements that are foundational to human health. We posit the role of green buildings as a critical research platform within a novel sustainability framework based on social-environmental capital assets.

Development of pedestrian flow simulator for smooth people movement in buildings

Development of pedestrian flow simulator for smooth people movement in buildings

Shari‘ah on Trial

At the turn of the nineteenth century, a movement of religious reform andstate building took place in present-day northern Nigeria, culminating withthe establishment of the Sokoto Caliphate. This movement was as central toWest African history as was the 1789 French revolution to European history.Its leader, the Muslim scholar Uthman Dan Fodio (d. 1817), deservesrecognition as a towering figure of nineteenth-century African Islam. DanFodio’s community (jamā‘a), which included many scholars, toppled thepreexisting Hausa kingdoms, replacing them with emirates ruled by Fulanileaders who all paid allegiance to the Caliph based in Sokoto. At its zenith,the Caliphate, which became the most powerful economic and political entityof West Africa in the nineteenth century, linked over thirty differentemirates and over ten million people ...

Experimental study on air pollutants movement process in high-rise buildings under the help of wind tunnel

In order to describe the movement process of air pollutants in high-rise buildings under the help of wind tunnel, an air pollutants' movement process experiment in high-rise buildings under the help of wind tunnel is designed. First, make a high-rise building model with height of 100 metres and 33 floors. The surface partial pressure coefficient of high-rise building model was measured by the wind pressure test program on the outer surface of the building. The concentration of air pollutants was detected by flame ionisation detector in building outer windows of different building floors using high-rise building model concentration test scheme. Pollutant concentration measurement and dimensionless representation method are given. Based on the coefficient distribution of wind pressure outside the building surface and the distribution of tracer gas concentration, the movement process of air pollutants in high-rise buildings under wind power is analysed, and the modelling analysis of motion process is completed. Experimental results show that the proposed method has high accuracy and application value in the process of air pollutant movement in high-rise buildings.

Relation between Green Buildings and Sustainable Development Practices

Sustainable development is an important aspect of society which fulfills the present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It gives us a new way of thinking through and managing human impact on the world that can generate long lasting positive results for the greater benefit of human societies. The concepts of sustainability and sustainable development are discussed and analyzed from different theoretical perspectives. The alternative paradigms and main objectives which provide supporting sustainable development are explored. They show the complexity of choosing the right actions towards sustainable development. And, the three pillars of sustainable development which are social, economic and environmental should be considered together to achieve the effective planning for sustainable future through a collaboration of experts from different disciplines. International goals of sustainability have led to the development of the green building movement that has had unprecedented success. Sustainable development and green buildings are often used interchangeably. Although, they are related, they are not the same. There are many green building rating systems over the world. United States Green Building Council administered Leadership in Energy and Environment Design (LEED) is the global market leader in the rating systems. LEED is a laudable and has a great effort in moving towards sustainable development by converting the built environment into green. Furthermore, some other rating systems that have been developed to measure the sustainability level of green buildings and provide best practice experience in their highest certification level are illustrated. This paper aims to provide an overview of how green building relates to sustainable development practices which is divided into two sections. The first section defines green building and discusses what makes buildings green. And, the second section discusses the environmental impacts of traditional buildings and explains common green building practices.

Using Ground Radar Interferometry for Precise Determining of Deformation and Vertical Deflection of Structures

The paper describes possibilities of the relatively new technics – ground based radar interferometry for precise determining of deformation of structures. Special focus on the vertical deflection of bridge structures and on the horizontal movements of high-rise buildings and structural objects is presented. The technology of ground based radar interferometry can be used in practice to the contactless determination of deformations of structures with accuracy up to 0.01 mm in real time. It is also possible in real time to capture oscillations of the object with a frequency up to 50 Hz. Deformations can be determined simultaneously in multiple places of the object, for example a bridge structure at points distributed on the bridge deck at intervals of one or more meters. This allows to obtain both overall and detailed information about the properties of the structure during the dynamic load and monitoring the impact of movements either individual vehicles or groups. In the case of high-rise buildings, it is possible to monitor the horizontal vibration of the whole object at its different height levels. It is possible to detect and determine the compound oscillations that occur in some types of buildings. Then prevent any damage or even disasters in these objects. In addition to the necessary theory basic principles of using radar interferometry for determining of deformation of structures are given. Practical examples of determining deformation of bridge structures, water towers reservoirs, factory chimneys and wind power plants are also given. The IBIS-S interferometric radar of the Italian IDS manufacturer was used for the measurements.

Making Existing Homes Greener

During the past two decades, a “green building movement” has emerged, at first concentrating on the “greening” of government and commercial building. More recently, the focus has turned to the greening of residential buildings. “Green homes” are increasingly popular in the United States and throughout the world. They consume less energy; reduce environmental impacts; and conserve land, water, and other natural resources. Now, thousands of homebuyers are willing to take into account green environmental considerations when making home purchase decisions. They are motivated economically (the prospect of lower utility bills) and altruistically (doing what is good for the environment).

북한의 식자층 인재 등용정책과 대중적 국가건설운동의 전개

해방 후 국가건설에 착수한 북한은 많은 난관에 봉착하였다. 그 가운데 가장 큰 난관은 식자층 인재의 부족이었다. 그것은 공공기관과 산업시설의 요직을 독점해온 일본인들의 귀국과 함께 심각한 문제로 부상했다. 북한은 국내 식자층 인력풀을 총동원해 그들을 최대한 효율적으로 활용하는 방식과 외부 전문인력을 초빙해 오는 두 가지 방식을 통해 인재 부족난 해결을 모색하였다. 북한의 식자층 인재 확보정책을 추적한 이 연구는 피통치자인 일반인들의 경험 기록물인 자서전･이력서류를 서술의 재료로 활용해 북한의 사회상을 재구성하고자 하였다. 일반인들의 경험 조각들을 하나하나 이어붙여 완결된 스토리를 구성하고자 하는 이 연구의 시도는 낮은 수준에서나마 일상사·미시사 등의 방법론이 북한사에도 적용될 수 있음을 보이고자 한다.

Promoting green residential buildings: Residents' environmental attitude, subjective knowledge, and social trust matter

The importance of psychological factors is increasingly being recognized in driving the green building (GB) movement. However, few empirical studies have gone deeper to explore specific psychological factors and their impacts on residents' acceptance of green labeled residential buildings (GLRBs). This study develops an extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to explain residents' intention to adopt GLRBs, and examine it in a survey (N = 342) conducted in Tianjin City, China. The results show that subjective knowledge about GLRBs, social trust in organizations responsible for GLRBs, perceived usefulness from GLRBs, attitude towards GLRBs, and general environmental attitude measured by the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) scale, are the significant psychological determinants of intention to adopt GLRBs. It is also found that lacking subjective knowledge and social trust among our surveyed residents could be the psychological barriers to their acceptance of GLRBs. The psychological factors we identified provide references for policymakers to effectively develop residents' behavioral intervention strategies and allocate resources in GB promoting schemes. It is highly necessary to equip residents with more knowledge about GLRBs and improve their social trust in organizations responsible for delivering GLRBs.

Professors-in-Training or Precarious Workers? Identity, Coalition Building, and Social Movement Unionism in the 2015 University of Toronto Graduate Employee Strike

In this article, I argue that graduate employees took on the political identity of precarious workers who face job insecurity and income insecurity, drawing attention to the casualization of work in the academic labor market in Canada, and the cost of undertaking graduate studies in Canadian universities. Their argument appealed to media, faculty, undergraduate students, and supportive media, which was key to building solidarity and public support for graduate employees’ struggle. Building on social movement unionism literature, I show how this identity moved the debate away from the bargaining table and into broader coalition building, suggesting a broader social movement unionism among academic workers.

Green Building Pro-Environment Behaviors: Are Green Users Also Green Buyers?

Pro-environment behaviors play a key role in advancing the development of green buildings. This study investigated the link between two green building pro-environment behaviors that require dissimilar resources: energy savings that do not require money in order to be more environmentally friendly and willingness to pay that involves economic resources including spending money in order to be more environmentally friendly. This study points out that the two pro-environment behaviors can be positively linked to each other. People who behave in an environmentally friendly manner at work would also be likely to pay an extra cost for a green building when buying a new home. The consistency of the two pro-environment behaviors can be explained by their common environmental beliefs: limits to growth and eco-crisis. The green building movement should prioritize pro-environmental behaviors and associated environmental beliefs to support green building policies, guidelines, and tools.

From the design of green buildings to resilience management of building stocks

ABSTRACTThe green and the subsequent sustainable building movements have been framed by changing societal contexts. Their main focus has been on the design of new buildings. However, these movements have neglected the life span of existing buildings and the long-term management of building stocks. The reasons why are considered: the changing interpretations of sustainability, the evolution of different forms of tacit knowledge, lack of a metabolic framework covering the built environment and lack of a consistent multi-scale building information modelling (BIM). The transition toward a ‘risk society’, with an increasing diversity and frequency of threats, challenges the current optimistic definition of sustainability. Resilience addresses fast- and slow-moving threats that can lead to unknown consequences and new risks. Alternative planning approaches (e.g. scenario planning, adaptive change and resilience heuristics) are discussed. The differences between anticipation- and resilience-based strategies are considered. Possible heuristics can be found in social–ecological systems, in resilience engineering and in the historic evolution of the built environment. Resilient solutions generally lead to a higher level of complexity and carry additional environmental costs. In the creation of resilience capacity, new knowledge will be co-produced through transdisciplinary research, scenario planning and design experiments under conditions of uncertainty.

Fierce Urgency of Now: Building Movements to End the Prison Industrial Complex in Our Schools

This article argues that prison abolition and education must be thought and practiced together, now more than ever. Drawing on a forum, Without Walls: Abolition & Rethinking Education in Oakland, CA to dialogue about strategies to challenge carceral logics in classrooms and communities, this article contextualizes the intensification of policing and the criminalization of young people and communities that continues to reach into and beyond all levels of K-12 schools. We share a number of suggestions and starting places based on the ways many educators and youth advocates are building the capacity to challenge the prison industrial complex.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE SELECTION OF CONTRACTORS IN GREEN BUILDING PROJECTS

The growing interest in sustainable design and construction introduces new set of risks specific to green building projects. One of the challenges in green building projects that require special consideration is the selection of the appropriate contractors to ensure that the targeted sustainability goals of the projects will be achieved. Rapid growth of green building movement requires that contractors that are willing to be active in sustainable construction learn green building rating systems, application processes, green products, and related laws and regulations. This study investigates major factors affecting the selection of contractors that will be responsible for the construction of projects aiming certification through green building certification systems. An extensive literature survey was completed to identify the significant factors in the selection process, which are important for the successful completion of the projects. It is found that experience in green building projects and certification system procedures, managerial approach, technical approach, price, past performance, and qualifications are important in the selection of contractors in green buildings.

An agent-based stochastic Occupancy Simulator

Occupancy has significant impacts on building performance. However, in current building performance simulation programs, occupancy inputs are static and lack diversity, contributing to discrepancies between the simulated and actual building performance. This paper presents an Occupancy Simulator that simulates the stochastic behavior of occupant presence and movement in buildings, capturing the spatial and temporal occupancy diversity. Each occupant and each space in the building are explicitly simulated as an agent with their profiles of stochastic behaviors. The occupancy behaviors are represented with three types of models: (1) the status transition events (e.g., first arrival in office) simulated with probability distribution model, (2) the random moving events (e.g., from one office to another) simulated with a homogeneous Markov chain model, and (3) the meeting events simulated with a new stochastic model. A hierarchical data model was developed for the Occupancy Simulator, which reduces the amount of data input by using the concepts of occupant types and space types. Finally, a case study of a small office building is presented to demonstrate the use of the Simulator to generate detailed annual sub-hourly occupant schedules for individual spaces and the whole building. The Simulator is a web application freely available to the public and capable of performing a detailed stochastic simulation of occupant presence and movement in buildings. Future work includes enhancements in the meeting event model, consideration of personal absent days, verification and validation of the simulated occupancy results, and expansion for use with residential buildings.

Building a Green Home Using Local Resources and Sustainable Technology in Jammu Region – A Case Study

Constructing a green building is an important step towards building an environment free of negative impact by conserving and reducing usage of natural non-renewable resources. India's Green Building Council [IGBC] highlights the fact that more than two billion sq. ft. of registered green building footprint exist in India [1].Metros are working towards popularizing the green building movement and registering buildings for green certification. Whereas, in small towns and cities across India such concept is still in its natal stage. With the ever increasing population and urbanization, the requirement of affordable sustainable houses is need of the hour.This research article aims at developing a green residence in Jammu city, where the concept of sustainability is new. The research focuses on local resources available and utilizing natural resources efficiently; establishing green roofs, planting trees to control the overall temperature and provide better air quality; and making an effort towards conserving resources and reducing the carbon foot print.

지방자치단체 마을 만들기에서 어업공동체의 의미 -부안군 위도 치도어촌계를 중심으로-

본 연구는 지방정부 주도의 마을 만들기 사업의 효과에 대하여 어업공동체를 바탕으로 살펴보았다. ‘마을’은 기존 거주하던 지역주민들이 일반적으로 거주하고 생활하는 본위적 관념속의 마을이 아닌, 주민들이 주인의식을 갖고 함께 어우러져 만들어 가는 공동체의 의미와 장소의 개념을 갖는다. 따라서 어업공동체 마을 만들기의 역할을 논의하면서 전라북도 부안군 위도면 치도어촌계를 대상으로 형성요인과 운영요인을 통한 구체적인 분석을 진행하였다. 분석은 선행연구와 함께 어업공동체 마을 만들기에 직접 참여한 관련자 방문 인터뷰 결과를 기초로 이루어졌다. 분석을 통해 어업공동체 마을 만들기가 어장, 자원, 경영관리 및 질서유지 차원에서 진행되며, 경제적 성과와 지역 환경개선 그리고 구성원의 삶의 질 향상에서 효과를 나타내고 있었다. 이와 함께 경제적 이해관계에서 마을 만들기 효과의 지속성에 대한 한계점을 제시하고, 그에 기초하여 정책적 함의를 도출하였다.