Motion Exercises Research Articles

Development of a range of motion device for ankle joints and its operation test

We have developed a passive range of motion (ROM) exercise device for the ankle joints. We applied a pneumatic soft actuator as the drive source. Since the soft actuator has an inflatable structure using flexible materials, it operates with compressed air. In this device, the ankle joint is moved passively by pressing the toes and heels with the actuator. In addition to plantarflexion and dorsiflexion, the device aims to provide supination and pronation that existing equipment cannot provide. In this research, in order to subjectively evaluate the performance of the prototype device, we conducted an operation test on 13 healthy adults.

The Effect of the Modified Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy on the Upper Extremity Functions of Obstetric Brachial Plexus Palsy Patients.

Functional limitation of the upper extremity (UE) in obstetrical brachial plexus paralysis (OBPP) restricts a child's participation in daily living and social activities. In treatment, the participation of UE in rehabilitation is important. Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) is a promising rehabilitation approach that is used to improve the UE functions of patients with neurological dysfunctions. This single-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial includes 30 pediatric patients diagnosed with chronic OBPP aged between 2 and 12 years. The patients were divided into two groups as a modified CIMT group and a control group. Patients in both groups underwent classical rehabilitation treatment 4 times a week for 8 weeks. Range of motion (ROM), stretching, strengthening, and proprioceptive exercises were given to both control and CIMT group. The patients in the CIMT group had to wear constraining arm slings 2 h per day and 4 days a week for 8 weeks. The patients were evaluated both before and after treatment using the Mallet classification system and the Melbourne unilateral upper limb assessment-2 (The MA2) scale. In both groups, the Mallet and MA2 scores significantly increased after the treatment process. However, the percentage of improvement was higher for the CIMT group. Modified CIMT improves the joint ROM and the functional use of the extremity among OBPP-diagnosed children. This improvement is greater in the CIMT group compared to the improvement in the control group. Implementation of CIMT in a routine rehabilitation process may be helpful.

Physical therapy modalities in the rehabilitation of cats (Felis catus) with neurological and orthopedic conditions

ABSTRACT: This retrospective study described the therapeutic modalities used for the rehabilitation of cats with neurological and orthopedic diseases and provided data regarding the number of sessions, frequency, and treatment duration; the study also evaluated the modality acceptance by this species. Twenty cats were selected, 11 with neurological diseases and nine with orthopedic conditions. Acute spinal cord trauma and femoral fracture were the most frequently observed neurological (72.7%) and orthopedic (44.4%) conditions, respectively. Manual therapies comprised of passive stretching (PS), passive range of motion (PROM), and bicycle movement (BM) exercises were included in all the protocols.Therapeutic modality acceptance was positive for physical agents, thermotherapy, and hydrotherapy (100%);in manual therapies, it was positive in 40% and partially positive in 60% of cats; in kinesiotherapy, it was positive for all the assisted active exercises and negative for the active exercises. The number of physical therapy sessions significantly influenced the positive acceptance of PS (P < 0.05). The PS, PROM, and BM exercises were the most commonly used modalities; the number of physiotherapy sessions and duration of treatment were higher in cats with neurological diseases, and acceptance was positive in most therapeutic modalities.

The physio balance: A review

Background: To create awareness among professionals & students and to cognize the importance of the physio balance. Balance refers to an individual’s ability to maintain their line of gravity within their Base of support (BOS). It can also be described as the ability to maintain equilibrium, where equilibrium can be defined as any condition in which all acting forces are cancelled by each other resulting in a stable balanced system. Methodology Data source: Relevant articles were identified by searching from: PuBMed, SCIENCEDIRECT, EBSCO, SCOPUS, Web of Science, shodhganga, Elsevier, Google Scholar. Data selection: Little significant scientific studies were found relating to the importance of rehabilitation & assessment in sports. Five studies were selected based on inclusion criteria. Two pilot studies included as The Role of assessment in sports. Results: Exalted balance makes daily activities, such as walking on stairs, carrying heavy items, and plop changing directions, easier. A strong, stable base will allow you to move with more coordination, ease, and fluidity. Also gain stronger and more enhanced movement during athletic activities. Evolutive good balance helps to improve overall health and fitness levels. These improvements help to prevent the risk of injury and falls, especially in older adults and people with Parkinson’s disease. This allows maintaining independence longer. Conclusions: Physiotherapy interference like balance training combined with muscle strengthening, the range of movement and walking training exercise is effective in improving balance in patients with Parkinson’s disease and more effective than balance exercises alone. Highly challenging balance training and incremental speed-dependent treadmill training can also be part of a rehabilitation program for management of balance dysfunction and Postural instability in patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease.

The effectiveness of POST-DISCHARGE telerehabilitation practices in COVID-19 patients: Tele-COVID study-randomized controlled trial.

AIMS:We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a telerehabilitation exercise program performed without requiring any special equipment on the physical condition of COVID-19 subjects.SETTINGS AND DESIGN:This was a randomized controlled study.METHODS:This study included subjects with a history of hospitalization with a diagnosis of COVID-19 and discharged within 4 weeks. The subjects were divided into two groups randomly, namely telerehabilitation group (TeleGr, n = 17) or control group (CGr, n = 17). The TeleGr received breathing and range of motion exercises, active cycle of breathing technique, and an aerobic training 3 days a week for 6 weeks, while CGr received an exercise brochure with the same content. Subjects were evaluated using the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea score for dyspnea, 30 s sit-to-stand test (30STS) and short physical performance battery (SPPB) to determine their physical status, Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) to assess quality of their life, and Beck Depression Inventory. All evaluations were carried out at home using videoconferencing.RESULTS:A significant improvement was observed in TelerGr in terms of mMRC (P= 0.035), 30STS (P= 0.005), 5 sit-to-stand time which is one of the subtests of SPPB (P = 0.039) and SGRQ scores. Significant improvement was observed only in the pain score in the CGr (P = 0.039). There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in SGRQ activity (P = 0.035) and total (P = 0.042) scores. In addition, more symptomatic improvement was found in TeleGr.CONCLUSION:Telerehabilitation exercise program with less technical equipment is a good alternative treatment method for COVID-19 subjects, which improves the quality of life and symptomatic status of subjects.Clinical Trial Registration Number:nct04402983

Effect of aerobic exercise on cognition in elderly persons with mild cognitive impairment

Objective: To determine the effect of aerobic exercise on cognition in elderly persons with mild cognitive impairment. Methodology: This randomized controlled trial was conducted at Physiotherapy Rehabilitation center of NCS University, Swabi Campus. The inclusion criteria were age group between 60 to 70 years, MMSE 18-23 and able to walk independently without use of assistive device. Those with musculoskeletal disorders, current medical condition for which exercise was contraindicated, had cardiac and respiratory disorders were excluded from the study. A sample of 60 patients were randomly divided into experimental and control group using sealed envelope technique. Treatment for the experimental group was moderate intensity aerobic exercise program i.e., walking and control group received active range of motion exercises and stretching 5days/week for 6 weeks. Control group performed gentle active range of motion exercises and stretching exercises to large muscle groups of lower limb and trunk muscles for 5-7 cycles of 10 repetitions for 20 mins for 5 days/week and training was continued for 6 weeks. MMSE, MoCA, Trail making Test A and B were done at baseline and after 6 weeks of intervention. Results: Of the 75 patients assessed, 60 were included; of them there were 30 in each group. Mean age was 62.49±1.82years. There were 35(56.5%) males and 24 (38.7%) females. Intra-group analysis showed significant improvement in outcomes measures MMSE, MoCA, TMT-A and B after six weeks of intervention in aerobic training group (p<0.05). Inter-group analysis showed significant differences in scores of neurocognitive measures (p<0.05) after six weeks of training. Conclusion: Aerobic exercise showed improvement in neurocognitive domains of elderly persons with mild cognitive impairment after 6 weeks of intervention.

The Effect of Brain Gym on Global Cognitive Function of Institutionalized Older People

Cognitive function of older adults is influenced by several factors such as age, sex, education, and physical activity so that it can impact the decrease in progressive cognitive function. It is necessary to implement cognitive training in old people’s care to prevent or delay the onset of age-related cognitive decline. Brain gym is a series of simple motion exercises and is an alternative therapy that stimulates the brain. This study aims to evaluate the effect of brain gym as a cognitive training intervention on global cognitive functioning of institutionalized older population. The study is a non-randomized quasi-experimental one using pre-and post-test control group design. The participants of the study were 65 years old or older who had been part of gerontological centers from a local community. They were divided into two groups: control and intervention, each one with 15 people. Mini-Mental State Examination was applied to the sample before and after the cognitive training. The brain gym training consists of bi-weekly group meeting for 12 weeks, lasting 50 min each. The treated group had a significantly better global cognitive function. Recalling (memory), orientation and language skills were the domains with the most signifi- cant changes (p < 0.05). On the other hand, no significant changes were found in the participants of control groups during post test. Our results suggest that cognitive training based in brain gym improves global cognitive function of institutionalized older people lease type your abstract here. Abstract of a research paper is typically 200 to 400 words in length, and 150 to 300 words for a review paper. Abstract shall be running continuously (not structured) and shall not include reference citations. Abbreviations that appear only once in the abstract should be defined in full. If abbreviations appear more than once, the full definitions should be provided first before they can be used elsewhere.

Pure Obturator Dislocation of the Hip, a Rare Variety of Regular Dislocations, and Long-Term Clinical Outcomes

Introduction: Traumatic knee dislocation is considered an orthopedic emergency. Knee dislocations are relatively infrequent injuries. This injury frequently occurs from high-energy impact trauma. Neurovascular injuries can result in debilitating consequences if the diagnosis and treatment are delayed. Associated complications include degenerative arthritis, permanent neurovascular injury, and amputation. The poorest prognosis is seen in patients with knee dislocation longer than 6-8 hours before reduction. History: The 25-year-old male patient presented with a history of a road traffic accident to the emergency department. The patient presented with swelling, pain, and deformity of the left knee and leg. Examination: On examination, the patient had tense swelling and tenderness of the left knee joint and leg. Visible deformity of the left knee joint is seen. The posterior tibial artery and dorsalispedis artery were not palpable. Active ankle and toe movements were absent. Investigations: Plain radiograph was taken at the emergency department of the left knee and leg. X-rays showed anterior dislocation of the knee joint. Treatment: After valid written informed consent, the dislocated left knee joint was reduced under sedation in the operation theatre and immobilized in the above knee plaster slab. Reduction of the knee joint was done within 4 hours of injury. Then the distal pulses were re-assessed. The posterior tibial and dorsalispedis artery was absent. Hence, MR Angiography of the left lower limb was done. It showed popliteal artery transection. So, the artery was explored and end-to-end vascular anastomosis was done. A knee-spanning external fixator was applied to the left lower limb. Fasciotomy was done for the tense leg compartments. After a week, the fasciotomy wounds were infected for which extensive debridement of the wounds was done and antibiotic beads were placed. Knee was mobilized with a gradual range of motion exercises and non-weight bearing mobilization with a foot drop splint. Gradually full weight-bearing ambulation was allowed. Conclusion: Knee dislocation is rare, albeit a serious and potentially limb-threatening condition. The prognosis of knee dislocations is variable and is heavily dependent on the time interval between trauma and initiation of management. Immediate, timely, and proper management can salvage the limb, and amputation is not the only solution. Keywords: Dislocation, Posterior tibial artery, Fasciotomy

Immediate Effect of Breathing Exercises and Prone Lying on Saturation of Peripheral Oxygen (SpO2 ) in Covid Patients – A Pilot Study

Background and Objective: Coronavirus disease 2019, also known as Covid-19, is an infectious disease. It is caused by a novel virus from the family of Coronaviridae, called the SARS-CoV-2 virus. According to studies, the possible modes of transmission include contact, droplet, airborne, fomite, feco-oral, bloodborne, mother-to-child, and animal-to-human.1It has been reported that the crude mortality ratio is between 3-4%.2The clinical management of Covid-19 is dependent on the severity of the disease. It may vary from symptomatic management to supplementary oxygen and ventilation.3Review of literature has shown that physiotherapy interventions like breathing exercises, positioning, range of motion exercises, respiratory hygiene, etc. help in reducing morbidity and mortality in these patients.4The objective of this study was to identify the immediate effects of breathing exercises and prone lying on the Saturation of Peripheral Oxygen (SpO2) in Covid patients.Method: 5 out of the 10 patients randomly selected from the Covid ward of the institute agreed to participate in the study. They were asked to perform a set of breathing exercises, thoracic mobility exercises, and prone lying. The SpO2 levels of these participants were monitored and recorded at regular intervals.Result: The SpO2 levels of all 5 participants significantly improved post-physiotherapy intervention irrespective of age and gender. Only breathing exercises did not show major difference in the SpO2 level of the participants, but when it was combined with prone lying, the SpO2levels significantly improved. It was also noted that SpO2 levels 30 minutes post prone lying and 60 minutes post prone lying were the same.Conclusion: Breathing exercises and prone lying are simple and effective ways to improve the SpO2 levels in the Covid-19 patients. These two interventions done together, under supervision improved the SpO2 levels significantly. The results suggest that prone lying after 30 minutes did not further improve the SpO2levels significantly. Thus, we would like to suggest inclusion of prone lying in the management of Covid for short durations and multiple repetitions throughout the day for better rehabilitation outcomes.

A nurse-led occupational health promotion program for farmers

Agrarian occupational health is a neglected primary health-care service in India. A nurse-led health promotion program is planned based on a Conceptual Model for the Occupational Health Nurse Specialist prepared by Ms. Janice Dees (1984) inspired from Orem's self-care theory. The interventions included are range of motion exercise, progressive muscle relaxation technique, foot and palm massage, and literacy on safety practices. The wellness of field farmers is expected by following this program plan.

Effectiveness of extracorporeal shockwave therapy for frozen shoulder in perimenopausal diabetic women

Abstract Study aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) for frozen shoulder in perimenopausal diabetic women. Materials and methods: A single blind randomized controlled trial was conducted on sixty-two perimenopausal women diagnosed with diabetic frozen shoulder. They were divided randomly into two groups. Group (A) received physiotherapy program in the form of maitland joint mobilization for shoulder joint, self-stretching exercises, range of motion exercises (ROM) and strengthening exercises. Sessions were held 3 times per week, for 4 weeks. Group (B) study group: received the same physiotherapy program in addition to ESWT, once per week, for 4 weeks. Visual analogue scale was used to measure pain intensity, shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) was used to evaluate disability level, while an electrogoniometer was used to measure shoulder flexion, abduction and external rotation range of motion. All measurements were recorded pretreatment and posttreatment program. Results: For intragroup comparison, significant improvement in all treatment outcomes was noted in both groups (P &lt; 0.05). However, no significant differences were found between both groups regarding all outcome measures in case of intergroup comparison in the study (P &gt; 0.05). Conclusion: The use of ESWT have a positive effect in reducing pain and improving shoulder range of motion in perimenopausal women suffering from frozen.

Interprofessional Osteoarthritis Care: A Pilot for Interprofessional Care and Education

Background: An osteoarthritis (OA) pilot was initiated in an interprofessional clinic to provide a learning opportunity for practitioners to provide integrated care in the setting of OA to improve health outcomes and quality of life in patients living with osteoarthritis. This study was a qualitative analysis performed following the completion of the pilot. Purpose: To determine effective processes that support integrated care to best serve those living with osteoarthritis. Methods: Flyers and neighborhood mailers were provided to the community to inform patients of the OA pilot. Patients were screened by the nurse practitioner and physical therapists to ensure they met osteoarthritis criteria (&gt; 45 years, were experiencing activity-related joint pain, and had no morning joint-related stiffness, or &gt; 30 minutes of morning stiffness). The interventions included one integrated care visit (in-person) followed by telehealth care thereafter. Telehealth visits obtained patient feedback, provided further patient guidance based on patient-response to care plans, and to evaluate change in function, medication usage, and pain management from baseline. The following questions aided researchers to organize our findings following the 3-month pilot: (1) What methods were utilized to aid in patient function and mobility improvement? (2) What was done to ensure safe and effective medication use? (3) How best to utilize each practitioner so that (a) methods for pilot duplication were determined and (b) integrated care best practices were established? Results: Function and mobility improvement were exhibited in 100% of the patients. Mental health services were utilized to overcome fear of movement and fear of pain barriers to mobility. Half of the patients were originally performing movement exercises that were harmful to their condition prior to obtaining a consult with the physical therapist. The pharmacist-driven medication review during the initial consult identified 88% of the patients were utilizing suboptimal medications for the management of their OA, and 25% were using unsafe dietary supplements. All unsafe medication and dietary-supplement usage was resolved. Establishing care with a team visit supported integrated healthcare engagement. Telehealth and incorporation of healthcare students for follow-up calls were effective for utilization of all practitioners, patient engagement, and supported improved patient outcomes. Conclusion: The findings of this study outline best practices that support integrated care, integrated education, and improved patient outcomes.

Subgroup effects of non-surgical and non-pharmacological treatment of patients with hand osteoarthritis: a protocol for an individual patient data meta-analysis

IntroductionHand osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disorder in the adult population. No cure for hand OA is known yet, but treatment aims to reduce symptoms. Non-surgical and non-pharmacological therapy...

Latihan Range of Motion Terhadap Rentang Gerak Sendi Ekstremitas Atas Pasien Stroke di RSUD M.Natsir

Stroke patients who experience hemiparese who do not receive proper treatment can cause complications of functional disorders, impaired mobilization, disruption of daily activities and incurable disabilities. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of passive Range Of Motion (ROM) exercise on increasing the range of motion of stroke patients in the Neurology Room at RSUD M.Natsir.This research design is quasi experimental with the design used is one group pretest - postest design.In this study, passive Range Of Motion (ROM) was performed on the upper extremities of stroke patients for five days, twice a day.The number of respondents in 30 stroke patients who experienced hemiparese,The data was collected by direct measurement using a measuring instrument for the degree of motion of the joints, namely the goniometer, and data analysis was carried out using the t dependent test (normally distributed data).The results showed a significant difference in the range of motion of the upper limb joints before and after passive ROM exercises. The conclusion that ROM exercises affect the range of motion of the upper limb joints in stroke patients.Passive ROM can be an alternative to increase the range of motion of the joints in the upper and lower extremities in stroke patients.

Pengaruh Foot Massage dan Pergerakan Sendi Ekstremitas Bawah terhadap Nilai Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) pada Pasien DM Tipe 2 di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Peukan Baro, Kab. Pidie

Diabetes mellitus Type 2 (DM Type 2) is the risk factor for the incidence of vascular. Diabetic neuropathy and/or peripheral arterial disease, are common and represent major causes of morbidity and mortality in people with diabetes. Physical exercises is have been done to prevent from diabetes complication, and one of them is by foot massage and lower extremity joint movement. Measuring the value of ankle brachial index (ABI) is one of non-invasive actions to evaluate the risk for peripheral vascular in primary treatment. The objective of this research was to determine the influence of foot massage and joint movement exercise on ABI value in DM Type 2 patients. The research used quasi experiment method with pretest-posttest group design and two intervention groups. The samples were 40 DM Type 2 patients, taken by using consecutive sampling technique. Intervention was given by conducting foot massage and lower extremity joint movement exercise. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks statistic test showed that there was the difference in pre and post intervention of foot massage and lower extremity joint movement from ABI value, for (p=0.00). The conclusion was that foot massage and lower extremity joint movement exercise could increase ABI value if it was done continuously. It could also increase blood flow to artery. This research could bean input for nursing care to make physical exercises such as foot massage and lower extremity joint movement as prevention from risk of longterm Complications in DM Type 2 patients.

PENYULUHAN TENTANG PENTINGNYA SENAM HAMIL DAN PERAWATAN PAYUDARA PADA IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER III

&#x0D; The purpose of this Community Service Activity is to increase knowledge and attitudes in skills by doing exercise for pregnant women and breast care to prepare for the smooth delivery process and facilitate milk production during breastfeeding. The method used in this Community Service is to disseminate information in the form of counseling about knowledge and practice of pregnancy exercise movement techniques and breast care techniques before delivery and for breastfeeding preparation. Participants in this activity were 7 third trimester pregnant women. The evaluation of this activity is that participants can understand the material presented, it is proven that participants are enthusiastic about asking questions and are willing to directly practice pregnancy exercise techniques and correct breast care techniques. The result of this activity is that there is an increase in knowledge and enthusiasm or care for mothers or participants by participating in counseling activities by doing pregnancy exercises and breast care, seen from the post test results, it was found that participants who had good knowledge and skills increased from the seven people who attended. Most of the participants were aged 23-36 years, with the last education in high school, with all participants being housewives.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Functional Analysis of Fracture Patella Managed with Tension Band Wiring

Background: Fracture patella accounts for around 1% of all skeletal fractures. It is basically of 2 types: displaced fracture and un displaced fracture. It mainly occurs due to direct blows to the knee joint such as car accidents, injuries, or direct falls on the ground with bent knees. Management of these fractures varies from cylindrical cast application to surgical management for displaced fractures. This study focuses on the functional evaluation of fracture patella managed with tension band wiring.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: 17 patients with displaced transverse patella fracture managed with tension band wiring were included in the study. An interventional study was performed in AVBRH hospital Wardha between 2017-2019. Operated patients were followed up at one month, two months, and three months for functional assessment. On every follow-up, x-ray was taken to assess the union and implant positioning.&#x0D; Observations and Results: 41.47 were the mean age (in years) of patients participating in the study. In the study, 17 patients participated, 13 were males (76.47%) and 4 were females (23.53%). Comminuted and oblique fractures were excluded from the study. Out of 17 patients at final follow up, 70.58% patients had excellent results, 29.42 percent had good results, and no patient had a poor functional outcome.&#x0D; Conclusion: Tension band wiring of fracture patella yields better fun outcomes outcome and an inexpensive method of managing fractured patella. Early knee mobilization and knee range of motion exercises should be started to avoid quadriceps muscle wasting.

Is early mobilization after volar locking plate fixation in distal radius fractures really beneficial? A meta-analysis of prospective randomized studies

This was a systematic review with a meta-analysis. Despite rising trends toward surgical treatment of distal radius fractures (DRF) with volar locking plate (VLP) fixation, there is a lack of consensus on when to start vigorous wrist range of motion (ROM) exercises after surgery. We performed a meta-analysis to compare early and late mobilization after VLP fixation in patients with DRF. Four prospective randomized controlled trials with a minimum of 6 months of follow-up were retrieved through MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and the KoreaMed databases in March 2021. We divided patients into an early group (patients who started ROM exercises of the wrist within 2 weeks after surgery), and a late group (patients who started ROM exercises 5 or 6 weeks after surgery). The primary outcome was treatment efficacy which was measured through improvement in pain score, function score, ROM, and grip power. The secondary outcome was the incidence of postoperative complications. This meta-analysis included 127 patients in the early group and 131 patients in the late group. The outcomes were compared at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively. There was no significant difference in pain score, though the early group had a lower average visual analog scale score. The early group had a lower arm, shoulder, and hand disability score than the late group (95 % CI, -16.25 to -8.35 points; P < .001) at 6 weeks postoperatively, suggesting significantly superior outcomes. A similar trend persisted at 3 (n=74 in the early group and n=77 in the late group; 95% CI, -5.45 to -0.30; P=.029) and 6 months (n=102 in the early group and n=100 in the late group; 95% CI, -4.81 to 0.21; P=.073), but the differences were smaller. The early group had a higher grip power at all follow-up periods, but the difference was only significant at 6 months postoperatively (n=88 in the early group and n=83 in the late group; 95% CI, 0.50 to 6.99; P=0.024). The early group also had more favorable ROM in all directions at 6 weeks, but only in supination at 6 months. The complication rate was not significantly different between the 2 groups. There were no differences in the rates of secondary operation and reduction loss. Early ROM exercise after VLP in DRF resulted in superior functional scores and grip power until 6 months postoperatively. The dominance of the joint ROM, which was seen at 6 weeks after surgery in the early exercise group, decreased with time and ultimately showed little difference at 6 months. Early exercise is safe and did not increase complication rates.

Detection of Typical Compensatory Movements during Autonomously Performed Exercises Preventing Low Back Pain (LBP).

With the growing number of people seeking medical advice due to low back pain (LBP), individualised physiotherapeutic rehabilitation is becoming increasingly relevant. Thirty volunteers were asked to perform three typical LBP rehabilitation exercises (Prone-Rocking, Bird-Dog and Rowing) in two categories: clinically prescribed exercise (CPE) and typical compensatory movement (TCM). Three inertial sensors were used to detect the movement of the back during exercise performance and thus generate a dataset that is used to develop an algorithm that detects typical compensatory movements in autonomously performed LBP exercises. The best feature combinations out of 50 derived features displaying the highest capacity to differentiate between CPE and TCM in each exercise were determined. For classifying exercise movements as CPE or TCM, a binary decision tree was trained with the best performing features. The results showed that the trained classifier is able to distinguish CPE from TCM in Bird-Dog, Prone-Rocking and Rowing with up to 97.7% (Head Sensor, one feature), 98.9% (Upper back Sensor, one feature) and 80.5% (Upper back Sensor, two features) using only one sensor. Thus, as a proof-of-concept, the introduced classification models can be used to detect typical compensatory movements in autonomously performed LBP exercises.

Mathematical Modeling and Simulation of Table Tennis Trajectory Based on Digital Video Image Processing

Digital sports training based on digital video image processing promises to reduce the reliance on the experience of coaches in the table tennis training process and to achieve a more general physical education base. Based on this approach, this paper describes the specific forms of exercise content, movement characteristics, and skill levels in the table tennis framework and specifies the calculation methods of motion capture and movement characteristics suitable for table tennis. Meanwhile, to further improve the accuracy of the inertial motion capture system in restoring the position posture of the trainees, this paper improves the original inertial motion capture system from two aspects: contact judgment of both feet and correction of the position posture based on the contact position constraint. The simulation results show that the corrected human posture has good action smoothness. This paper first proposes a knowledge-based generic sports-assisted training framework based on generalizing the traditional sports training model. The framework contains four main modules: domain knowledge, trainees, sport evaluation, and controller. The domain knowledge module is a digital representation of the knowledge of the exercise content, improvement instructions, and skill indicators of the sport; the trainee module is the active response of the trainee to the exercise content and improvement instructions; the motion evaluation module uses motion capture technology to obtain the raw motion data of the trainee and further calculates the motion characteristics; the controller module proposes improvement instructions to the trainee or makes him/her practice new content based on the results of the motion evaluation. Based on the results of the motion evaluation, the controller module proposes improvement instructions or makes the trainee practice new content until the trainee achieves the desired goal.