Movement Compatibility Research Articles

Effect of the Seven-Cycle Learning Strategy (7E'S) in Developing the Cognitive Aspects to Learn Some Complex Skills in Football for Students

Through the researcher's observation of teaching football and his interest in this game, he noticed that most of the learners are slow in learning compound skills in football because it is one of the skills that need movement compatibility in performance. Where the researcher believes that the failure to introduce modern teaching strategies that suit their capabilities and physical capabilities, The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of employing the seven-course learning technique.cycle ( E's 7) in developing cognitive aspects and learning some complex skills in football for students. Third, the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Basra, whose number is (150) students. The research sample was chosen by lottery method (65) students from (6) people who were divided into two groups, control and experimental, with (25) students for each group. The researcher concluded that the curriculum prepared by the researcher worked on increasing the positive interaction to develop the knowledge environment through the educational units. It increased the experiences of the students in making the decisions they face to make their participation effective in the educational process. It was recommended to conduct comparative studies using the seven-cycle learning strategy (7 E'S ) with modern teaching strategies and methods.

Methods for Improving Movement Compatibility of Wearable OPM-MEG: A Review

Methods for Improving Movement Compatibility of Wearable OPM-MEG: A Review

Understanding Imitation in Papio papio: The Role of Experience and the Presence of a Conspecific Demonstrator.

What factors affect imitation performance? Varying theories of imitation stress the role of experience, but few studies have explicitly tested its role in imitative learning in non-human primates. We tested several predictions regarding the role of experience, conspecific presence, and action compatibility using a stimulus-response compatibility protocol. Nineteen baboons separated into two experimental groups learned to respond by targeting on a touch screen the same stimulus as their neighbor (compatible) or the opposite stimulus (incompatible). They first performed the task with a conspecific demonstrator (social phase) and then a computer demonstrator (ghost phase). After reaching a predetermined success threshold, they were then tested in an opposite compatibility condition (i.e., reversal learning conditions). Seven baboons performed at least two reversals during the social phase, and we found no significant difference between the compatible and incompatible conditions, although we noticed slightly faster response times (RTs) in the compatible condition that disappeared after the first reversal. During the ghost phase, monkeys showed difficulties in learning the incompatible condition, and the compatible condition RTs tended to be slower than during the social phase. Together, these results suggest that (a) there is no strong movement compatibility effect in our task and that (b) the presence of a demonstrator plays a role in eliciting correct responses but is not essential as has been previously shown in human studies.

Motor cognition in schizophrenia: Control of automatic imitation and mapping of action context are reduced

The ability to imitate is considered impaired in schizophrenia patients. This assumption, however, is based on heterogeneous studies mostly targeting voluntary imitation, e.g., pantomime. Studies on automatic imitation, however, and on underlying mechanisms of top-down inhibition of automatic imitation and contextual modulation in schizophrenia are highly limited. We employed two sensorimotor paradigms to examine imitation-inhibition and action context mapping in 37 schizophrenia patients and 36 matched controls. In the first experiment, participants performed finger lifts while observing a hand executing compatible or incompatible finger lifts from the third-person perspective. The compatibility or incompatibility of these finger lifts affected participants' reaction times (RTs). The comparison of between-condition RT differences shows a larger movement compatibility effect in schizophrenia than in controls. The second experiment involved finger lifts while watching a still hand, from the first-person perspective, with constrained fingers that either corresponded or did not correspond to the participants' response fingers. Here, schizophrenia patients showed a diminished RT slowing in corresponding constraint trials. While the former results provide evidence for an impaired control of imitation in patients with schizophrenia, the latter results indicate a reduced encoding of action context. In conclusion, this study provides the first evidence for deficits of top-down control of imitation and motor context processing in the same sample of schizophrenia patients.

The level of physical fitness and movement compatibility associated with health and activity patterns among middle school students

the importance of the research emerged in the role of the level of physical fitness and motor coordination in health and activity for female students in the intermediate stage . As for the research problem, lies in the fact that some male or female teachers in the field of sports do not resort to exercising fitness and using modern and advanced exercises that may help them to maintain their health , As the two researchers resorted to using exercises related to fitness and motor coordination in order for the students to enjoy health and to practice the activity at the best level. The research aims to identify the level of physical fitness and movement-related movement related to health and patterns of activity in female students in the intermediate stage. As for the hypothesis of the research, it is found that there are significant differences between the pre and post tests in the level of fitness, motor compatibility related to health, and patterns of activity in the two research groups.The two researchers used the experimental approach with the two equal and controlling and experimental groups. The research sample consisted of middle school students, whose number reached (34) female students. And patterns of activity for middle school studentsThe researchers recommend the need to use various and targeted exercises related to physical fitness and motor alignment in order to maintain the health of the body as well as the practice of activities in a natural way, and the need to pay attention to conducting tests related to physical fitness and periodic motor alignment in order to know the level of fitness and compatibility of students and develop them.

OPTIMIZATION OF INTERSECTION CONTROL SCHEME CONSIDERING PHASE-MOVEMENT-COMBINATION UNDER AUTOMATED VEHICLES ENVIRONMENT

For signal control intersection, the Phase-Movement-Combination (PMC) styles could directly impact the control performance of the signal scheme. Automated vehicles use mechatronics technology to drive autonomously and safely according to the predetermined lane trajectory, which caused the phase movement combination and Phase Combination (PC) schemes become more and more complicated. Therefore, this paper proposed a method to consider the extensive PMC styles by fractionalizing movement compatibility relationships, and used discrete mathematics to calculate overall Feasible Phase Combination (FPC) schemes according to the requirements of the signal phase. A corresponding optimal timing model was also established for FPC schemes by minimizing the average vehicle delay and maximizing the intersection capacity. Results were compared against the conventional PC schemes for a variety of demand scenarios. It was concluded that the proposed signal control optimization method was effective to optimize the intersection control scheme, depending on different demand scenarios.

Dynamic combination control of phase movement at signal intersection under the automated vehicle environment

With the continuous perfection of the technology of automated vehicles (AV), data exchange can be conveniently carried out between different vehicles and infrastructures, which makes it easier to collect different types of traffic parameters. Therefore, under AV environment, the vehicle status can be determined to obtain the periodic arrival rate of movements and a more efficient control strategy can be designed. The combination styles of phase movement (PM), an important factor of the signal control, will also become more complicated for intersection signal control. The current methods about the PM combination styles only considered two kinds of movement combination styles, and cannot get the extensive phase combination (PC) schemes in AV environment. This paper documents a new PM combination method by fractionalized movement compatibility relations, and uses discrete mathematics to calculate overall PC schemes. Then, a PM dynamic combination control method is proposed to optimize cyclically signal control. The analysis results of numerical tests showed that the average vehicle of the proposed method is reduced by 6.9 % and 14.5 % for 20 signal cycles, respectively, and the total throughput can be increased by 4.3% and 7.8%, respectively, compared with the dynamic timing control mode and the fixed control mode. Results show that the proposed method could significantly improve intersection control effectiveness.

Methoden zur objektiven Absicherung der Ergonomie in Fahrerkabinen

This paper introduces a method for assessing the design of operating systems as part of cognitive ergonomics, as well as a method for assessing operator movements and gripping areas as part of physical ergonomics. Both methods can be used in the development of a cab or for comparative analysis of cabs. The innovative character of the methods is to establish a non-subject based evaluation process that provides more objective and comparable results across different examinations. The method of evaluating operating systems builds on the ergonomic principles of expectation conformity and movement compatibility. The motion capturing method for analyzing and evaluating gripping areas and movements uses the comfort angle specifications of the German Social Accident Insurance (DGUV).

Research on compatibility in man-machine interface design of products

As a platform for information exchange between people and products, human-machine interface plays a more and more important role in human machine interaction. The compatibility of display and manipulation in human machine interface determines the ease of use to a large extent. Through the case study of HMI design for different products, this paper analyzes the spatial compatibility, the movement compatibility and the common measures to improve compatibility. Spatial compatibility refers to the correspondence of stimulus and response elements in physical layout on a display panel. Motion compatibility refers to the degree of correspondence between the motion effects generated by a controller and people’s psychological expectations. It is pointed out that the common measures to improve the compatibility of human-machine interface are: shape coding, position coding, color coding, symbol coding, and taking into account human physiological characteristics and usage habits.

The continuous structure bending of the three-layer plate with the lightweight aggregate

This paper deals with the problem of finding the effective way to solve the task of the composite construction bending of the three-layer plate with the lightweight aggregate, which operates on a continuous pattern. The expressions for the parameters determination, regarding a reduction of support bending moments due to the shear deformation of the middle layer, are given. The three-membered structure equation, connecting three bending moments, occurring above three adjacent pillars of the continuous three-layer beam, is obtained based on the condition of the movement compatibility.

A large ring deployable mechanism for space satellite antenna

With the development of space technology, new demands for satellite communications services, space and earth observations drive the requirement for large aperture space antennas. In order to meet the missions, this paper presents a kind of novel single mobility deployable ring mechanism based on a set of planar six-bar linkages. The ring mechanism has very high deploy/fold ratio, which is suitable for building large scale satellite deployable antenna. The mobile assembly of the ring structure and synchronous movement compatibility conditions are investigated, then the synchronization movement of the six-bar linkage modules can be realized by using close-loop cable and dual slider-crank mechanisms, which ensure the single mobility of the whole ring mechanism. Two types of driving mode for the deployable ring mechanism including cable driven and torsion spring driven are studied, and the high rigidity driving joints are designed. Finally, a ground experimental prototype of a 3.9 meter in diameter is fabricated to show the feasibility of the proposed mechanism, the deployment accuracy are also tested and the results show the good repeatability for the ring deployable mechanism.

Novel tribological stability of the superlubricity poly (vinylphosphonic acid) (PVPA) coatings on Ti6Al4V: Velocity and load independence

High stability and movement compatibility under friction is vital to guarantee long-term use of implants in the human body. In this study, the negligible wear of the poly (vinylphosphonic acid) (PVPA)-modified Ti6Al4V/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) interface in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, PH=7.2) were confirmed. The depth of scratches on the PVPA-modified Ti6Al4V was no more than 20nm, while there was slight wear on the PTFE ball, as indicated by the radius of curvature being almost the same as the initial value after sliding for 2h. In addition, it should be noted that the novel velocity and load-independent tribological behaviors are exciting. The superlubricity of the PVPA-modified Ti6Al4V can be maintained over a wide velocity range, from 0.3mm/s to 48mm/s, even under a high pressure of 63.49MPa, confirming its potential application in implants. The sufficient thickness of the firm PVPA coatings with specific lubricating state and the compatibility of the two tribo-pairs in this tribological system primarily account for the novel tribological stability. This study provides insights into the tribological mechanisms of the high-stability polymer coatings.

Interface Design and Display-Control Compatibility

The increasing complexity of control room environments requires operators to interact with a wide variety of display signals and control devices. Therefore, the design of displays and controls plays an important part in determining the overall performance of operators. Compatible display-control design facilitates performance and reduces human errors that may occur as a result of a mismatch between the expectations of the operators and the relationships between the displays and controls. Three specific design compatibilities, namely, spatial compatibility, movement compatibility, and conceptual compatibility are introduced and discussed in detail in this paper. It is anticipated that this paper will provide pragmatic recommendations to assist interface designers to improve operational system effectiveness and safety by considering the many aspects of display-control compatibility necessary for effective human–machine interface design.

Design and Motion Simulation Analysis on Automobile Constant Velocity Universal Joints Driving Shaft

the automobile constant velocity universal joint driving shaft is the important component in modern cars, its design is mainly to check the movement compatibility of parts. The constant velocity universal joints driving shaft is designed by three-dimensional solid modeling software UG, and the motion simulation model is build by multi-body dynamics simulation software to investigate the constant speed performance of constant velocity universal joints driving shaft, and check the motion trace of steel ball which is the key component of constant velocity universal joints. The results show that the constant speed performance is good, and the track design of star-like inner race is reasonable.

Affiliative Stimuli as Primers to Prosocial Predispositions

Affiliative stimuli are pleasant and highly biologically relevant. Affiliative cues are thought to elicit a prosocial predisposition. Here affiliative and neutral pictures were exposed prior to a reaction time task which consisted in responding to a visual target. Half the participants responded with finger-flexion, a movement frequently involved in prosocial activities. The other half responded with finger extension, a less prosocially compatible movement. Results showed that under the exposure to affiliative pictures, as compared to neutral ones, participants who used finger flexion were faster, while those using finger extension were slower. Performance benefits to the task, when flexing the finger, together with performance costs, when extending it, indicate the relevance of movement compatibility to the context. These findings put forward a possible link between affiliative primers and motor preparation to facilitate a repertoire of movements related to prosocial predispositions including finger flexion.

Movement compatibility for configurations of displays located in three cardinal orientations and ipsilateral, contralateral and overhead controls

Stereotype strength and reversibility were determined for displays that were in the Front, Right and Left orientations relative to the operator, along with rotary, horizontally and vertically-moving controls located in the overhead, left-sagittal and right-sagittal planes. In each case, responses were made using the left and right hands. The arrangements used were (i) rotary control with a circular display (ii) horizontal/transverse control moving forward/rearward in the left and right-sagittal planes or transversely in the overhead plane and (iii) vertical/longitudinal control moving vertically in the left and right-sagittal planes and longitudinally in the overhead plane. These are all combinations not previously researched. Stereotype strength varied with display plane, type of control and plane of control.Models for the stereotype strength are developed, showing the contribution of various components to the overall stereotype strength. The major component for horizontally-moving controls comes from the “visual field” model of Worringham and Beringer (1998); for the rotary control important factors are “clockwise-for-clockwise” and the hand/control location effect (Hoffmann, 2009a). Vertically-moving controls are governed by a simple ‘up-for-up’ relationship between displays and controls. Overall stereotype strength is a maximum when all components add positively.

Effects of camera arrangement on perceptual-motor performance in minimally invasive surgery.

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is performed for a growing number of treatments. Whereas open surgery requires large incisions, MIS relies on small incisions through which instruments are inserted and tissues are visualized with a camera. MIS results in benefits for patients compared with open surgery, but degrades the surgeon's perceptual-motor performance. We used a laparoscopic simulator to measure effects of type (top, front, side) and number (1, 3) of camera views on manual manipulation and manual aiming tasks. These experimental manipulations had implications for perceptual and cognitive processing including frame of reference, movement compatibility, compression, task-information specificity, information integration, attentional demands, and information extraction. Camera views generally degraded performance compared with direct viewing, but learning occurred. Generally, a top view resulted in the best performance, followed by front and side views. Benefits of multiple views depended on practice and the direction of grasper movement. Mappings between movement direction and camera view, the consistency of those mappings, and task difficulty affected performance. The benefits and costs for perceptual and cognitive processing that were introduced by a given camera view were not necessarily weighted equally. Costs and benefits must be considered specifically for each task and for each combination of camera view and movement direction. Surgeons may consider using a top view, using side views only when necessary, and using a consistent view when performing repetitive movements.

Movement compatibility for frontal controls with displays located in four cardinal orientations

Strength and reversibility of direction-of-motion stereotypes and response times are presented for different configurations of horizontal, vertical and rotary controls with horizontal, vertical and circular displays. Measures of the strength and reversibility of stereotypes were used to analyse the effects of direction of turn instruction (clockwise/anticlockwise; up/down; left/right), display orientation (North; East; South; West) and hand side (left/right) on movement compatibility. A number of acceptable display/control arrangements were identified for displays in each of the North, East, South and West orientations relative to the operator. For the horizontally moving control, the Worringham and Beringer principle was found to identify display/control arrangements having both high stereotype strength and high reversibility. Vertically moving controls are excellent with vertical displays but poor with horizontal and circular displays. Rotary controls have high stereotype strength and reversibility with both horizontal and circular displays (with the indicator at the 12 o'clock position). Statement of Relevance:Design of display/control arrangements requires a strong relationship between operator's expectancies and the response of a device to control inputs. The present research fills in gaps for stereotypes where data are not available, in particular where the operator is not seated facing a display directly to the front.

Anticipatory movement compatibility for virtual reality interaction devices

In the present study, we examined the impact of movement compatibility on the usability of two interaction devices for virtual reality (VR). To this end, we compared performance with the isometric spacemouse with that with the isotonic flystick, assuming that the flystick induces more movement compatibility in continuous movement and thus results in better performance. In the study, 28 subjects performed an object rotation task on a holobench with the two devices. Additionally, rotation axis and rotation degree were varied. Results showed a notable advantage for the flystick with regard to handling time (the time from the beginning of the object's appearance until the end of rotation, determined by subjects). The data support the idea that the compatibility of motor movements with the resulting (i.e. anticipated) object movements is an important determinant of usability in VR environments.

Hand to mouth: Automatic imitation across effector systems.

The effector dependence of automatic imitation was investigated using a stimulus-response compatibility (SRC) procedure during which participants were required to make an open or closed response with their hand or their mouth. The correct response for each trial was indicated by a pair of letters in Experiments 1 and 2 and by a colored square in Experiment 3. Each of these imperative stimuli was accompanied by task-irrelevant action images depicting a hand or mouth opening or closing. In relation to the response, the irrelevant stimulus was movement compatible or movement incompatible, and effector compatible or effector incompatible. A movement compatibility effect was observed for both hand and mouth responses. These movement compatibility effects were present when the irrelevant stimulus was effector compatible and when it was effector incompatible, but were smaller when the irrelevant stimulus and response effectors were incompatible. Consistent with the associative sequence learning (ASL) model of imitation, these findings indicate that automatic imitation is partially effector dependent and therefore that the effector dependence of intentional imitation reflects, at least in part, the nature of the mechanisms that mediate visuomotor translation for imitation.